The fossil record and the early evolution of the Metazoa
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Pre-Vendian animals are likely to have been small and soft-bodied, because known fossils of Precambrian animals lack hard parts and thus would have had poor fossilization potential.
“Pre-Vendian animals are likely to have been small and soft-bodied, because known fossils of Precambrian animals lack hard parts (26) and thus would have had poor fossilization potential.”
From Testing the Cambrian explosion hypothesis by using a molecular dating technique (1998) · cites this paper as [26]
Cites
Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History
Gould, S. (1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-3873 · Cited by 2,168 · see citing works
Zircon U-Pb ages for the Early Cambrian time-scale
Compston, W., Williams, I. S., Kirschvink, J. L., Zhang, Z., & Guogan, M. (1992) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsjgs.149.2.0171 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Molecular Phylogeny of the Animal Kingdom
Field, K. G., Olsen, G. J., Lane, D. J., Giovannoni, S. J., Ghiselin, M. T., Raff, E. C., Pace, N. R., & Raff, R. A. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3277277 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
The Early Evolution of Eukaryotes: A Geological Perspective
Knoll, A. H. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1585174 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
The origins and relationships of lower invertebrates
Morris, S. C. (1983) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1983.tb02002.x · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Self-citationDerry, L. A., Kaufman, A. J., & Jacobsen, S. B. (1992) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(92)90064-p · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Early evolution and the origin of eukaryotes
Sogin, M. L. (1991) · Current Opinion in Genetics & Development · doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80192-3 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Hox and HOM: Homologous gene clusters in insects and vertebrates
Akam, M. E. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90909-4 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Vendobionta and Psammocorallia: lost constructions of Precambrian evolution
SEILACHER, A. (1992) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsjgs.149.4.0607 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa.
Ghiselin, M. T., Simonetta, A. M., & Morris, S. C. (1993) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.2307/2992562 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Self-citationSchopf, J. W., & Klein, C. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511601064.002 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
(1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198577188.001.0001 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Vendozoa: Organismic construction in the Proterozoic biosphere
Seilacher, A. (1989) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1989.tb01332.x · Cited by 348 · see citing works
The origin of major invertebrate groups
Boucot, A. J. (1980) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/0012-8252(80)90064-1 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Willmer, P. G. (1990) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511623547 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Invertebrate relationships: patterns in animal evolution
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0957 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa
(1992) · Topics in geobiology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2427-8 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Latest Proterozoic stratigraphy and Earth history
Knoll, A. H., & Walter, M. R. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/356673a0 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Morphological Disparity in the Cambrian
Briggs, D. E. G., Fortey, R. A., & Wills, M. A. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.256.5064.1670 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
The dawn of animal life, a biohistorical study
(1985) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(85)90051-8 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Evidence from 12 <i>S</i> Ribosomal RNA Sequences that Onychophorans Are Modified Arthropods
Ballard, J. W. O., Olsen, G. J., Faith, D. P., Odgers, W. A., Rowell, D. M., & Atkinson, P. W. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1455227 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
The ancestry of the vertebrates
Jefferies, R. P. S. (1986) · Cited by 225 · see citing works
On the origin and evolution of the lower Metazoa
Salvini-Plawen, L. V. (2009) · Journal of Zoological Systematics & Evolutionary Research · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1978.tb00919.x · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Lake, J. A. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.2.763 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Burgess Shale Faunas and the Cambrian Explosion
Morris, S. C. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.246.4928.339 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Self-citationLinks between the rise of the metazoa and the decline of stromatolites
Walter, M. R., & Heys, G. R. (1985) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(85)90066-x · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Composition and preservation of the Chengjiang fauna – a Lower Cambrian soft-bodied biota
XIANGUANG, H., RAMSKÖLD, L., & BERGSTRÖM, J. (1991) · Zoologica Scripta · doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1991.tb00303.x · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Oxygen-Collagen Priority and the Early Metazoan Fossil Record
Towe, K. M. (1970) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.65.4.781 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Major events in the history of life
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-1499 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of north Greenland
Morris, S. C., & Peel, J. S. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/345802a0 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationPresence of the Earliest Vertebrate Hard Tissue in Conodonts
Sansom, I., Smith, M. P., Armstrong, H. A., & Smith, M. M. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1598573 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
A molecular‐clock date for the origin of the animal phyla
Runnegar, B. (1982) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1982.tb00645.x · Cited by 151 · see citing works
The Origin of Major Invertebrate Groups.
Hanson, E. D., & House, M. R. (1981) · Systematic Zoology · doi:10.2307/2992311 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Turbeville, J. M., Field, K. G., & Raff, R. A. (1992) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040716 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Upper Precambrian and Cambrian palaeontology of the East-European Platform
Rozanov, A. Y., Fedonkin, Gnilovskaya, M. B., Jankauskas, T., Kirjanov, V. V., Lendzion, K., Mierzejewska, G., Palij, V. M., Paškevičiene, L., Piskun, L. V., et al. (1983) · Cited by 141 · see citing works
The oldest ‘onychophoran’ <i>Xenusion:</i> a link connecting phyla?
Dzik, J., & Krumbiegel, G. (1989) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1989.tb01679.x · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Christen, R., RATTO, A., Baroin‐Tourancheau, A., Perasso, R., Grell, K. G., & Adoutte, A. (1991) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07975.x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Ediacaran biota of the Wernecke Mountains, Yukon, Canada
Narbonne, G. M., & Hofmann, H. J. (1987) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.16572510 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Vermeij, G. J. (1989) · PALAIOS · doi:10.2307/3514748 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Cowie, J. W., & Brasier, M. D. (1980) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Constructional Morphology and Evolution
Schmidt-Kittler, N., & Vogel, K. A. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76156-0 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
New early Cambrian animal and onychophoran affinities of enigmatic metazoans
Ramsköld, L., & Xianguang, H. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/351225a0 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Bengtson, S. (1992) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1992.tb01644.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Nutrient-enriched waters and the early skeletal fossil record
Brasier, M. D. (1992) · Journal of the Geological Society · doi:10.1144/gsjgs.149.4.0621 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
The Precambrian-Cambrian boundary
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-1545 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Scale microfossils from the Early Cambrian of northwest Canada
Allison, C. W., & Hilgert, J. W. (1986) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/s0022336000022538 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Nöthig, E.-M., & von Bodungen, B. (1989) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps056281 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Earliest known echinoderm — a new Ediacaran fossil from the Pound Subgroup of South Australia
Gehling, J. G. (1987) · Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology · doi:10.1080/03115518708619143 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
A Fish from the Upper Cambrian of North America
Repetski, J. E. (1978) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.200.4341.529 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Bergaueria Prantl (Cambrian and Ordovician), a probable actinian trace fossil
Alpert, S. P. (1973) · Journal of Paleontology · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Schierwater, B., Murtha, M. T., Dick, M. H., Ruddle, F. H., & Buss, L. W. (1991) · Journal of Experimental Zoology · doi:10.1002/jez.1402600316 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Morris, S. C., & Menge, C. (1992) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/s0022336000033953 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationHinz, I., Kraft, P., Mergl, M., & Müller, K. J. (1990) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1990.tb01362.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ultrastructural Similarities Between Setae of Brachiopods and Polychaetes
Gustus, R. M., & Cloney, R. A. (1972) · Acta Zoologica · doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1972.tb00590.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Rhabdotubus , a Middle Cambrian rhabdopleurid hemichordate
Bengtson, S., & Urbánek, A. (1986) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1986.tb00743.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
A cnidarian of actinian-grade from the Ediacaran Pound Subgroup, South Australia
Gehlîng, J. G. (1988) · Alcheringa An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology · doi:10.1080/03115518808619129 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Homologies in Cambrian Onychophora
Ramsköld, L. (1992) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1992.tb01650.x · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Tommotiids from the Lower Cambrian of South China
Morris, S. C., & Menge, C. (1990) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/s0022336000018345 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationMetazoan phylogeny and the Cambrian radiation
Erwin, D. H. (1991) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/0169-5347(91)90092-c · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Small shelly fossils from Antarctica: an Early Cambrian faunal connection with Australia
Evans, K., & Rowell, A. J. (1990) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/s0022336000018928 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Lafuste, J. G., Debrenne, F., Gandin, A., & Gravestock, D. (1991) · Geobios · doi:10.1016/s0016-6995(06)80298-6 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Schlichter, D. (1991) · Helgoland Marine Research · doi:10.1007/bf02367177 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Riley, J. W., Banaja, A. A., & James, J. L. (1978) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/0020-7519(78)90087-5 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Morris, S. C. (1977) · Paläontologische Zeitschrift · doi:10.1007/bf02986576 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationMorris, S. C., & Menge, C. (1991) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationLower Cambrian anabaritids from south China
Morris, S. C., & Menge, C. (1989) · Geological Magazine · doi:10.1017/s0016756800006920 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationPellet microfossils: Possible evidence for metazoan life in Early Proterozoic time
Robbins, E. I., Porter, K. G., & Haberyan, K. A. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.17.5809 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The origin of animal phyla and the new phylum Procoelomata
Bergström, J. (1989) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1989.tb01340.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF ELDONIA LUDWIGI WALCOTT
Durham, J. W. (1974) · Journal of Paleontology · Cited by 33 · see citing works
A new fossil ctenophore discovered by X-rays
Stanley, G. D., & Stürmer, W. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/328061a0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Valentine, J. W. (1973) · Systematic Zoology · doi:10.2307/2412093 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Collagen gene construction and evolution
Runnegar, B. N. (1985) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/bf02101692 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Blieck, A. (1992) · Geobios · doi:10.1016/s0016-6995(09)90039-0 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
CORAL-LIKE MICROFOSSILS FROM THE LOWER CAMBRIAN OF CALIFORNIA
Tynan, M. C. (1983) · Journal of Paleontology · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The genusConomedusites Glaessner & Wade and the diversification of the Cnidaria
Glaessner, M. F. (1971) · Paläontologische Zeitschrift · doi:10.1007/bf02989671 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Molecular clocks, molecular phylogenies and the origin of phyla
Erwin, D. H. (1989) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1989.tb01338.x · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Modern approaches to metazoan relationships
Willmer, P. G., & Holland, P. W. H. (1991) · Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1991.tb03796.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Response : Phylogeny and Molecular Data
Field, K. G., Olsen, G. J., Giovannoni, S. J., Raff, E. C., Pace, N. R., & Raff, R. A. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.243.4890.550 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Triact spicules in proterozoic rocks of the Northern Territory of Australia
Dunn, P. R. (1964) · Journal of the Geological Society of Australia · doi:10.1080/00167616408728571 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Sequence of Body Plans and Locomotory Systems During the Precambrian-Cambrian Transition
Valentine, J. W. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76156-0_25 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Fine structure of the earliest known rhabdopleurid
Urbánek, A., Mierzejewski, P., & Bengtson, S. (1992) · Lethaia · doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1992.tb01404.x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Reconstruction of the enigmatic Late Cambrian Climactichnites
Yochelson, E. L., & PARRISH, M. (1992) · The Paleontological Society Special Publications · doi:10.1017/s2475262200008819 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ruairc, M. Ó. (1991) · Comhar · doi:10.2307/25571552 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Scott (1992) · doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 87 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Evidence for a clade of nematodes, arthropods and other moulting animals
Aguinaldo, A. M. A., Turbeville, J. M., Linford, L. S., Rivera, M. C., Garey, J. R., Raff, R. A., & Lake, J. A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/387489a0 · Cited by 1,609 · see citing works
The ancient regulatory-protein family of WD-repeat proteins
Neer, E. J., Schmidt, C. J., Nambudripad, R., & Smith, T. F. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/371297a0 · Cited by 1,491 · see citing works
Early animal evolution: emerging views from comparative biology and geology
Knoll, A. H., & Carroll, S. B. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5423.2129 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
Homeotic genes and the evolution of arthropods and chordates
Carroll, S. B. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/376479a0 · Cited by 758 · see citing works
Determining Divergence Times of the Major Kingdoms of Living Organisms with a Protein Clock
Doolittle, R. F., Feng, D.-F., Tsang, S., Cho, G., & Little, E. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5248.470 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Molecular Evidence for Deep Precambrian Divergences Among Metazoan Phyla
Wray, G. A., Levinton, J. S., & Shapiro, L. H. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5287.568 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup
Lamb, T. D., Collin, S. P., & Pugh, E. N. (2007) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2283 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Wang, D. Y.-C., Kumar, S., & Hedges, S. B. (1999) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0617 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
A supra-ordinal classification of the Brachiopoda
Williams, A., Carlson, S. J., Brunton, C. H. C., Holmer, L. E., & Popov, L. E. (1996) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1996.0101 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
PAX-6IN DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION
Callaerts, P., Halder, G. A., & Gehring, W. J. (1997) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.20.1.483 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Acoel Flatworms: Earliest Extant Bilaterian Metazoans, Not Members of Platyhelminthes
Ruiz‐Trillo, I., Riutort, M., Littlewood, D. T. J., Herniou, E. A., & Baguñà, J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5409.1919 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Phylogeny of the Metazoa Based on Morphological and 18S Ribosomal DNA Evidence
Zrzavý, J., Mihulka, S., Kepka, P., Bezděk, A., & Tietz, D. F. (1998) · Cladistics · doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1998.tb00338.x · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Terminal Proterozoic reorganization of biogeochemical cycles
Logan, G. A., Hayes, J. M., Hieshima, G. B., & Summons, R. E. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/376053a0 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
A critical reappraisal of the fossil record of the bilaterian phyla
BUDD, G. E., & JENSEN, S. (2000) · Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1017/s000632310000548x · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Origin of Bilaterian Body Plans: Evolution of Developmental Regulatory Mechanisms
Davidson, E. H., Peterson, K. J., & Cameron, R. A. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5240.1319 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
An improved molecular phylogeny of the Nematoda with special emphasis on marine taxa
Meldal, B., Debenham, N. J., Ley, P. D., Ley, I. T. D., Vanfleteren, J. R., Vierstraete, A. R., Bert, W., Borgonie, G., Moens, T., Tyler, P. A., et al. (2006) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.025 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Origin of the metazoan phyla: Molecular clocks confirm paleontological estimates
Ayala, F. J., Rzhetsky, A., & Ayala, F. J. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.606 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
p53 — a Jack of all trades but master of none
Junttila, M. R., & Evan, G. I. (2009) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2728 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Morris, S. C., & Peel, J. S. (1995) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1995.0029 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Cambrian “explosion”: Slow-fuse or megatonnage?
Morris, S. C. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4426 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Self-citationRare Earth: Why Complex Life Is Uncommon in the Universe
Ward, P. D., Brownlee, D. E., & Krauss, L. M. (2000) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.1325239 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Epigenetic mechanisms of character origination
Newman, S. A., & M�ller, G. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Zoology · doi:10.1002/1097-010x(20001215)288:4 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
The Ediacaran Biotas in Space and Time
Waggoner, B. (2003) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/43.1.104 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Riesgo, A., Farrar, N., Windsor, P. J., Giribet, G., & Leys, S. P. (2014) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msu057 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
The Proterozoic and Earliest Cambrian Trace Fossil Record; Patterns, Problems and Perspectives
Jensen, S. (2003) · Integrative and Comparative Biology · doi:10.1093/icb/43.1.219 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Gibson-Brown, J., Agulnik, S., Chapman, D. L., Alexiou, M., Garvey, N., Lee, S., & Papaioannou, V. (1996) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/0925-4773(96)00514-x · Cited by 288 · see citing works
The Demise of a Phylum of Protists: Phylogeny of Myxozoa and Other Parasitic Cnidaria
Siddall, M. E., Martin, D. S., Bridge, D. M., Desser, S. S., & Cone, D. K. (1995) · Journal of Parasitology · doi:10.2307/3284049 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Long expected sponges from the Neoproterozoic Ediacara fauna of South Australia
Gehling, J. G., & Rigby, J. K. (1996) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/s0022336000023283 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Systematic Position and Phylogeny
Ley, P. D., & Blaxter, M. (2010) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203166437_chapter_1 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Molecular evidence for a close relative of the arthropod endosymbiont Wolbachia in a filarial worm
Sironi, M., Bandi, C., Sacchi, L., di Sacco, B., Damiani, G., & Genchi, C. (1995) · Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology · doi:10.1016/0166-6851(95)02494-8 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Molecular Evidence That the Myxozoan Protists Are Metazoans
Smothers, J. F., von Dohlen, C. D., Smith, L. H., & Spall, R. D. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8085160 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Foote, M. (1994) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s009483730001280x · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Duboule, D., & Wilkins, A. S. (1998) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/s0168-9525(97)01358-9 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Were the Ediacaran fossils lichens?
Retallack, G. J. (1994) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300012975 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Are the Platyhelminthes a monophyletic primitive group? An assessment using 18S rDNA sequences
Carranza, S., Baguñà, J., & Riutort, M. (1997) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025785 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Morphological Diversity In The Evolutionary Radiation Of Paleozoic and Post-Paleozoic Crinoids
Foote, M. (1999) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1666/0094-8373(1999)25[1:mditer]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Can the Cambrian explosion be inferred through molecular phylogeny?
Philippe, H., Chenuil, A., & Adoutte, A. (1994) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.1994.supplement.15 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Lynch, M. (1996) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025557 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
The advent of animals: The view from the Ediacaran
Droser, M. L., & Gehlîng, J. G. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1403669112 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Economics, volcanoes, and Phanerozoic revolutions
Vermeij, G. J. (1995) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300013178 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
The Genomic and Cellular Foundations of Animal Origins
Richter, D. J., & King, N. (2013) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-111212-133456 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Systematic Position and Phylogeny
Ley, P. D., & Blaxter, M. (2002) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b12614-2 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
The Cambrian evolutionary ‘explosion’: decoupling cladogenesis from morphological disparity
Fortey, R. A., Briggs, D. E. G., & WILLS, M. A. (1996) · Biological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1996.tb01693.x · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Congruence Between Molecular and Morphological Phylogenies
Patterson, C., Williams, D. M., & Humphries, C. (1993) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.24.110193.001101 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Coordinated contractions effectively expel water from the aquiferous system of a freshwater sponge
Elliott, G. R. D., & Leys, S. P. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.003392 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Holland, P. W. H., Koschorz, B., Holland, L. Z., & Herrmann, B. G. (1995) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.121.12.4283 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Ediacara-type fossils in Cambrian sediments
Jensen, S., Gehling, J. G., & Droser, M. L. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/31215 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Hodda, M. (2022) · Zootaxa · doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5114.1.1 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Grenier, J. K., Garber, T. L., Warren, R., Whitington, P. M., & Carroll, S. B. (1997) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00253-3 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Sponge phylogeny, animal monophyly, and the origin of the nervous system: 18S rRNA evidence
Cavalier-Smith, T., Allsopp, M. T. E. P., Chao, E. E., Boury-Esnault, N., & Vacelet, J. (1996) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/z96-231 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Mutation accumulation in nuclear, organelle, and prokaryotic transfer RNA genes
Lynch, M. (1997) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025834 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
The youngest Ediacaran fossils from Southern Africa
Narbonne, G. M., Saylor, B. Z., & Grotzinger, J. P. (1997) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/s0022336000035940 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Improvement of molecular phylogenetic inference and the phylogeny of Bilateria
Lartillot, N., & Philippe, H. (2008) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2236 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Roth, G., & Wullimann, M. F. (2000) · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Abouheif, E., Zardoya, R., & Meyer, A. (1998) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/pl00006397 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Cell Adhesion, Polarity, and Epithelia in the Dawn of Metazoans
Cereijido, M., Contreras, R. G., & Shoshani, L. (2004) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00001.2004 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Colour in Burgess Shale animals and the effect of light on evolution in the Cambrian
Parker, A. R. (1998) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0385 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Testing the Cambrian explosion hypothesis by using a molecular dating technique
Bromham, L., Rambaut, A., Fortey, R., Cooper, A., & Penny, D. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.21.12386 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
The plankton and the benthos: origins and early history of an evolving relationship
Signor, P. W., & Vermeij, G. J. (1994) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300012793 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The reverse evolution from multicellularity to unicellularity during carcinogenesis
Chen, H., Lin, F., Xing, K., & He, X. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7367 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Collins, D. H. (1996) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1017/s0022336000023362 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
A Cambrian gilled lobopod from Greenland
Budd, G. E. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/364709a0 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
A critical reappraisal of the fossil record of the bilaterian phyla
BUDD, G. E., & JENSEN, S. (2000) · Biological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1999.tb00046.x · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Phylogeny of protostome worms derived from 18S rRNA sequences.
Winnepenninckx, B., Backeljau, T., & Wächter, R. D. (1995) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040243 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Cambrian explosion: Birth of tree of animals
Shu, D. (2008) · Gondwana Research · doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.08.004 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Evolutionary Comparisons of RecA-Like Proteins Across All Major Kingdoms of Living Organisms
Brendel, V., Brocchieri, L., Sandler, S. J., Clark, A. J., & Karlin, S. (1997) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/pl00006177 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Eight-armed Ediacara fossil preserved in contrasting taphonomic windows from China and Australia
Zhu, M., Gehling, J. G., Xiao, S., Zhao, Y., & Droser, M. L. (2008) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g25203a.1 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Evolution of Antennapedia-Class Homeobox Genes
Zhang, J., & Nei, M. (1996) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/142.1.295 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Budd, G. E. (1998) · Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh · doi:10.1017/s0263593300002418 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Role of tight junctions in cell proliferation and cancer
González‐Mariscal, L., Lechuga, S., & Garay, E. (2007) · Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.proghi.2007.01.001 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Early Cambrian metazoan fossil record of South China: Generic diversity and radiation patterns
Li, G., Steiner, M., Zhu, X., Yang, A., Wang, H., & Erdtmann, B. D. (2007) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.03.017 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Why are there so many species in deep-sea sediments?
Gage, J. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/s0022-0981(96)02638-x · Cited by 131 · see citing works
EVOLUTION OF THE INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEMS
ller, W. E. G. M. U., Blumbach, B., & ller, I. M. M. (1999) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-199911150-00001 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
A method for calibrating molecular clocks and its application to animal mitochondrial DNA.
Lynch, M., & Jarrell, P. E. (1993) · Genetics · doi:10.1093/genetics/135.4.1197 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Dating the arthropod tree based on large-scale transcriptome data
Rehm, P., Borner, J., Meusemann, K., von Reumont, B. M., Simon, S., Hadrys, H., Misof, B., & Burmester, T. (2011) · Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.09.003 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Reinterpretation of Yunnanozoon as the earliest known hemichordate
Shu, D., Zhang, X., & Chen, L. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/380428a0 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Nematoda: Genes, Genomes and the Evolution of Parasitism
Blaxter, M. (2003) · Advances in Parasitology/Advances in parasitology · doi:10.1016/s0065-308x(03)54003-9 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
The Phylum Vendobionta: a sister group of the Eumetazoa?
Buss, L. W., & Seilacher, A. (1994) · Paleobiology · doi:10.1017/s0094837300011088 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Generic physical mechanisms of tissue morphogenesis: A common basis for development and evolution
Newman, S. A. (1994) · Journal of Evolutionary Biology · doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.1994.7040467.x · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Fossils Impact as Hard as Living Taxa in Parsimony Analyses of Morphology
Cobbett, A. M., Wilkinson, M., & Wills, M. A. (2007) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1080/10635150701627296 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Investigation of molluscan phylogeny on the basis of 18S rRNA sequences
Winnepenninckx, B., Backeljau, T., & Wächter, R. D. (1996) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025577 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Ecological Controls on the Evolutionary Recovery of Post-Paleozoic Crinoids
Foote, M. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5292.1492 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Middle Cambrian arthropods from Utah
Briggs, D. E. G., Lieberman, B. S., Hendricks, J. R., Halgedahl, S. L., & Jarrard, R. D. (2008) · Journal of Paleontology · doi:10.1666/06-086.1 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Kruse, M., Leys, S. P., Müller, I. M., & Müller, W. E. G. (1998) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/pl00006353 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Friedlander, T. P., Regier, J. C., & Mitter, C. W. (1994) · Systematic Biology · doi:10.1093/sysbio/43.4.511 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Morphological Disparity: A Primer
Wills, M. A. (2001) · Topics in geobiology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0571-6_4 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
A methodological bias toward overestimation of molecular evolutionary time scales
Rodríguez-Trelles, F., Tarrío, R., & Ayala, F. J. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.122231299 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Molecular Analysis Supports a Tardigrade-Arthropod Association
Garey, J. R., Krotec, M., Nelson, D. R., & Brooks, J. (1996) · Invertebrate Biology · doi:10.2307/3226943 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Steroid receptor phylogeny and vertebrate origins
Baker, M. E. (1997) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(97)00207-4 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Evolution and ecology of Neoproterozoic-Lower Cambrian trace fossils, NW Canada
MacNaughton, R. B., & Narbonne, G. M. (1999) · Palaios · doi:10.2307/3515367 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Tomarev, S. I., & Piatigorsky, J. (1996) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00449.x · Cited by 146 · see citing works
A hemocyanin from the Onychophora and the emergence of respiratory proteins
Kusche, K., Ruhberg, H., & Burmester, T. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.152241199 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
False teeth: conodont-vertebrate phylogenetic relationships revisited
Turner, S., Burrow, C. J., Schultze, H., Blieck, A., Reif, W., Rexroad, C. B., Bultynck, P., & Nowlan, G. S. (2010) · Geodiversitas · doi:10.5252/g2010n4a1 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Kimmel, C. B. (1996) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/s0168-9525(96)80001-1 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Jenkins, R. (1995) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/0301-9268(94)00071-x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Are palaeoscolecids ancestral ecdysozoans?
Harvey, T. H. P., Dong, X., & Donoghue, P. C. J. (2010) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/j.1525-142x.2010.00403.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
A uniquely preserved Ediacaran fossil with direct evidence for a quilted bodyplan
Xiao, S., Shen, B., Zhou, C., Xie, G., & Yuan, X. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0502176102 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
A molecular evolutionary framework for eukaryotic model organisms
Sidow, A., & Thomas, W. K. (1994) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00131-7 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Morris, S. C. (1997) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb00136.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationStatus, trends and the future of the marine pelagic ecosystem
Verity, P. G., Smetacek, V. S., & Smayda, T. J. (2002) · Environmental Conservation · doi:10.1017/s0376892902000139 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
- Authors
- Morris, S. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Morris, S. Conway
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1993-01
- Volume
- 361
- Issue
- 6409
- Pages
- 219-225
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2143380472
- Semantic Scholar
- 193c8ab078f0d9e9d74e7abe10305f7a72809b0f
- Cited by
- 389
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 41.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Keywords
- animals, early animal evolution, fossil record, multicellular animals, metazoan phylogeny, Cambrian explosion, molecular phylogeny
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review