The μ‐opioid receptor agonist morphine, but not agonists at δ‐ or κ‐opioid receptors, induces peripheral antinociception mediated by cannabinoid receptors
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Background and purpose: Although participation of opioids in antinociception induced by cannabinoids has been documented, there is little information regarding the participation of cannabinoids in the antinociceptive mechanisms of opioids. The aim of the present study was to determine whether endocannabinoids could be involved in peripheral antinociception induced by activation of μ‐, δ‐ and κ‐opioid receptors. Experimental approach: Nociceptive thresholds to mechanical stimulation of rat paws treated with intraplantar prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 , 2 μg) to induce hyperalgesia were measured 3 h after injection using an algesimetric apparatus. Opioid agonists morphine (200 μg), (+)‐4‐[(alphaR)‐alpha‐((2S,5R)‐4‐Allyl‐2,5‐dimethyl‐1‐piperazinyl)‐3‐ methoxybenzyl]‐ N , N ‐diethylbenzamide (SNC80) (80 μg), bremazocine (50 μg); cannabinoid receptor antagonists N ‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)‐5‐(4‐ iodophenyl)‐1‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐4‐methyl‐1 H ‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxamide (AM251) (20–80 μg), 6‐iodo‐2‐methyl‐1‐[2‐(4‐morpholinyl) ethyl]‐1 H ‐indol‐3‐yl(4‐methoxyphenyl) methanone (AM630) (12.5–100 μg); and an inhibitor of methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP) (1–4 μg) were also injected in the paw. Key results: The CB 1 ‐selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM251 completely reversed the peripheral antinociception induced by morphine in a dose‐dependent manner. In contrast, the CB 2 ‐selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM630 elicited partial antagonism of this effect. In addition, the administration of the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, MAFP, enhanced the antinociception induced by morphine. The cannabinoid receptor antagonists AM251 and AM630 did not modify the antinociceptive effect of SNC80 or bremazocine. The antagonists alone did not cause any hyperalgesic or antinociceptive effect. Conclusions and implications: Our results provide evidence for the involvement of endocannabinoids, in the peripheral antinociception induced by the μ‐opioid receptor agonist morphine. The release of cannabinoids appears not to be involved in the peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by κ‐ and δ‐opioid receptor agonists. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 154 , 1143–1149; doi: 10.1038/bjp.2008.175 ; published online 12 May 2008
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CB1 receptors and MORs are also co-expressed within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
“CB 1 receptors and MORs are also co-expressed within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (Desroches et al, 2014a;da Fonseca Pacheco et al, 2008).”
From The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain (2018) · cites this paper as da Fonseca Pacheco et al, 2008
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“In fact, the endogenous opioid system could be involved in cannabinoid antinociception, and the endogenous cannabinoid system could play a role in opioid antinociception (Smith et al., 1994; Pugh et al., 1996; Ibrahim et al., 2005; da Fonseca Pacheco et al., 2008; Welch, 2009; Desroches and Beaulieu, 2010).”
BackgroundEndogenous opiates and behavior: 2008
Bodnar, R. J. (2009) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2009.09.027 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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“There is evidence about the involvement of endocannabinoids in the peripheral antinociception induced by activation of mu-opioid receptors (da Fonseca et al., 2008) and it has been shown that the peripheral endocannabinoid system is an important component of endogenous pain control mechanisms…”
BackgroundSałaga, M., Polepally, P. R., Zakrzewski, P. K., Cygankiewicz, A. I., Sobczak, M., Kordek, R., Zjawiony, J. K., Krajewska, W. M., & Fichna, J. (2014) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2014.09.018 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“A crosstalk between MOP and CB1 receptors has already been reported in the in vivo studies on peripheral analgesia [18,26,27].”
BackgroundOstadhadi, S., Haj‐Mirzaian, A., Nikoui, V., Kordjazy, N., & Dehpour, A. R. (2015) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12518 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“On the other hand, AM-251, a selective CB1 receptor inverse agonist, antagonizes morphine-induced peripheral analgesia.(48) Furthermore, CB1 agonists were reported to strengthen morphine analgesia.”
BackgroundEffects of morphine on pain-elicited and pain-suppressed behavior in CB1 knockout and wildtype mice
Miller, L. L., Picker, M. J., Schmidt, K. T., & Dykstra, L. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2232-5 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“The CB1 antagonist AM251 blocks morphine-induced antinociception as measured by an inflammatory pain model (Pacheco et al. 2008) and the tail-flick test in mice (Pacheco et al. 2009).”
InfluentialAre Opioids Effective in Relieving Neuropathic Pain?
Schembri, E. (2018) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-018-0009-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Despite such negative reviews on cannabinoids, endocannabinoid activity may be critical for morphine’s action [225].”
BackgroundOpioid-sparing effects of cannabinoids: Myth or reality?
Foll, B. L. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110065 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Zádor, F., & Wollemann, M. (2015) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2015.10.015 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effects of neuropeptide FF system on CB1 and CB2 receptors mediated antinociception in mice
Fang, Q., Han, Z., Li, N., Wang, Z., He, N., & Wang, R. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.09.013 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Morphine modulation of pain processing in medial and lateral pain pathways
Wang, J.-Y., Huang, J., Chang, J.-Y., Woodward, D. J., & Luo, F. (2009) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1186/1744-8069-5-60 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Involvement of the Endocannabinoid System in the Peripheral Antinociceptive Action of Ketamine
Ferreira, R. C. M., Castor, M. G. M. E., Piscitelli, F., Marzo, V. D., Duarte, I. D. G., & Romero, T. R. L. (2017) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2017.12.002 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationFreitas, A. C. N., Pacheco, D. F., Machado, M. F. M., Carmona, A. K., Duarte, I. D. G., & de Lima, M. E. (2016) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.13448 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“In addition, our group has demonstrated that the opioidergic and endocannabinoidergic systems are strongly linked and the 1492 British Journal of Pharmacology (2016) 173 1491–1501 activation of one pathway is mediated by the other (Pacheco et al., 2008; Pacheco et al., 2009; Reis et al., 2009).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationThe Endocannabinoid System Contributes to Electroacupuncture Analgesia
MacDonald, I. J., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.594219 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Pacheco, D. D. F., Freitas, A. C. N., Pimenta, A. M. C., Duarte, I. D. G., & de Lima, M. E. (2016) · The Journal of venomous animals and toxins including tropical diseases · doi:10.1186/s40409-016-0091-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“opioids and cannabinoids in the antinociceptive action of several substances [9, 10].”
BackgroundSelf-citationBruehl, S. P., Burns, J. W., Morgan, A., Koltyn, K. F., Gupta, R. K., Buvanendran, A., Edwards, D. A., Chont, M., Kingsley, P. J., Marnett, L. J., et al. (2018) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001447 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“It has been suggested that endocannabinoid and EO systems may interact,(44,45) with a number of animal studies suggesting that endocannabinoids can influence responses to exogenous opioid analgesics.(2,3,28,34,35,46,53) However, human studies evaluating Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to conte…”
Role of sex hormones in modulating breast and ovarian cancer associated pain
McHann, M. C., Blanton, H. L., & Guindon, J. (2021) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2021.111320 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Investigation of the Involvement of the Endocannabinoid System in TENS-Induced Antinociception
de Oliveira, H. U., dos Santos, R. S., Malta, I., Pinho, J. P., Almeida, A. F. S., Sorgi, C. A., Peti, A. P. F., Xavier, G. S., dos Reis, L. M., Faccioli, L. H., et al. (2019) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2019.11.009 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Auh, Q.-S., Chun, Y. H., Melemedjian, O. K., Zhang, Y., & Ro, J. Y. (2016) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.07.009 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Peripheral Antinociception Induced by Aripiprazole Is Mediated by the Opioid System
Ferreira, R. C. M., Almeida-Santos, A. F., Duarte, I. D. G., de Aguiar, D. C., Moreira, F. A., & Romero, T. R. L. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/8109205 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationMolaei, M., Fatahi, Z., Zaringhalam, J., & Haghparast, A. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-016-0716-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hemorphins Act as Homeostatic Agents in Response to Endotoxin-Induced Stress
Barkhudaryan, N., Zakaryan, H., Sarukhanyan, F. P., Gabrielyan, A., Dosch, D., Kellermann, J., & Lottspeich, F. (2009) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-009-0097-3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
de Oliveira, C. M., Veloso, C. C., Ferreira, R. C. M., Lage, G. A., Pimenta, L. P. S., Duarte, I. D. G., Romero, T. R. L., & Perez, A. C. (2016) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-0042-113386 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationAguiar, D. D., Gonzaga, A. C. R., Teófilo, A. L. H., Miranda, F. A., Perez, A. C., Duarte, I. D. G., & Romero, T. R. L. (2022) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120279 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationVeloso, C. C., Ferreira, R. C. M., Rodrigues, V. G., Duarte, L. P., Klein, A., Duarte, I. D. G., Romero, T. R. L., & Perez, A. C. (2017) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-017-0391-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Pacheco et al. (2008) demonstrated that antinociception induced by activation of l-opioid receptors was antagonized by CB1 receptor antagonist and partially by CB2 cannabinoid receptor antagonist.”
BackgroundSelf-citationOliveira, C. D. C., Castor, M. G. M. E., Castor, C. G. M. E., Costa, Á. D. F., Ferreira, R. C. M., da Silva, J. F., Pelaez, J. M. N., Capettini, L. D. S. A., Lemos, V. S., Duarte, I. D. G., et al. (2019) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2019.02.004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationGorzo, A., Havasi, A. D., Spînu, Ș., Oprea, A. L., Burz, C. C., & Sur, D. G. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11175036 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
de Almeida, D. L., Ferreira, R. C. M., Fonseca, F. C. D. S., Machado, D. P. D., Aguiar, D. D., Guimarães, F. S., Duarte, I. D. G., & Romero, T. R. L. (2024) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2024.02.005 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationChidambaran, V., Pilipenko, V. V., Spruance, K., Venkatasubramanian, R., Niu, J., Fukuda, T., Mizuno, T., Zhang, K., Kaufman, K. M., Vinks, A. A. T. M. M., et al. (2016) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/pgs-2016-0147 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Maguma, H. T., & TAYLOR, D. A. H. B. (2011) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.010 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Role of Endocannabinoid System in the Peripheral Antinociceptive Action of Aripiprazole
Ferreira, R. C. M., Almeida-Santos, A. F., Duarte, I. D. G., de Aguiar, D. C., Moreira, F. A., & Romero, T. R. L. (2018) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000003723 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationAlmeida, R. T., Romero, T. R. L., Castor, M. G. M. E., Galdino, G. S., Perez, A. C., & Duarte, I. D. G. (2016) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2016.07.004 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEmerich, B. L., Ferreira, R. C. M., Machado‐de‐Ávila, R. A., Resende, J. M., Duarte, I. D. G., & de Lima, M. E. (2020) · Toxicon X · doi:10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100045 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationRomero, T. R. L., Pacheco, D. D. F., & Duarte, I. D. G. (2012) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.006 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationSantos, R. R. S., Machado, D. P., Romero, T. R. L., & Duarte, I. D. G. (2023) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/cjpp-2023-0314 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationKerfeld, M. J., Hambsch, Z. J., McEntire, D., Kirkpatrick, D. R., Cai, J., Youngblood, C. F., Agrawal, D. K., & Reisbig, M. D. (2016) · Research and Practice in Anesthesiology – Open Journal · doi:10.17140/aoj-1-103 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Molaei, M., Sanati, M. H., Zaringhalam, J., & Haghparast, A. (2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Alton, H., Linz, E., Bi, G., Soler‐Cedeño, O., Maras, M., & Xi, Z. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02245-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Guzzo, L. S., Oliveira, C. C., Ferreira, R. C. M., Machado, D., Castor, M. G. M. E., Perez, A. C., Piscitelli, F., Marzo, V. D., Romero, T. R. L., & Duarte, I. D. G. (2021) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/1414-431x2021e11071 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“The antinociceptive effect of a m-opioid receptor agonist, but not d and k agonists, was blocked by the administration of a CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist peripherally and centrally, suggesting that the central and peripheral antinociceptive effect of morphine may be mediated by the endocannabinoid system (12,13).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationSynergistic action between a synthetic cannabinoid compound and tramadol in neuropathic pain rats
Quiñonez‐Bastidas, G. N., Osuna‐Martínez, U., Reda-Licea, A. L., López‐Ortíz, M., Regla, I., & Navarrete, A. (2022) · Acta Pharmaceutica · doi:10.2478/acph-2022-0037 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
α2-Adrenoceptor agonist induces peripheral antinociception via the endocannabinoid system
Romero, T. R. L., Castor, M. G. M. E., Parrella, C., Piscitelli, F., Marzo, V. D., & Duarte, I. D. G. (2020) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1007/s43440-019-00053-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationZheng, Y., Yu, Y., Xie, K., Yuan, Y., Chen, Y., Wang, C., Wang, G., & Yu, Y. (2019) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2019.10329 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Class A GPCRs: Cannabinoid and Opioid Receptor Heteromers
Sierra, S., Gomes, I., & Devi, L. A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60174-8_7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bradykinin induces peripheral antinociception in PGE2-induced hyperalgesia in mice
Ferreira, R. C. M., Fonseca, F. C. D. S., de Almeida, D. L., Freitas, A. C. N., Peigneur, S., Romero, T. R. L., Amaral, F. A., & Duarte, I. D. G. (2022) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114965 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationOpioid-induced respiratory depression: the role of genetics
Chidambaran, V., & McAuliffe, J. J. (2017) · Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development · doi:10.1080/23808993.2017.1331704 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Some of the effects of cannabinoids involve activation of the opioid system [96] and vice versa [97].”
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Mechanismen der endogenen Schmerzhemmung
Laube, W. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-63846-0_6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ye, T. (2018) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Cannabinoids as a Substitute for Opioids: Basic Science and Clinical Evidence
MacCallum, C. A., de Freitas, L., Eadie, L., & Narouze, S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69186-8_27
Bradykinin Induces Peripheral Antinociception in PGE 2-Induced Hyperalgesia in MicePreprint
Ferreira, R. C. M., Fonseca, F. C. D. S., de Almeida, D. L., Freitas, A. C. N., Peigneur, S., Romero, T. R. L., Amaral, F. A., & Duarte, I. D. G. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3982056
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Lopes, C. F. B., Santos‐Silva, T., Fonseca, F. C. D. S., de Queiroz, B. F. G., Duarte, I. D. G., & Romero, T. R. L. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.05.30.596637
“The dose of each drug used in this study was previously determined by other works published by our research group (Da Fonseca Pacheco et al., 2008; Romero et al., 2013, 2012; Romero and Duarte, 2009).”
MethodSelf-citationFerreira, R. C. M., Batista, E. M., Freitas, A. C. N., Mariano, X. M., Marcondes, M. F., An, D., Carmona, A. K., Peigneur, S., Lima, W. G., Carvalho, B. C., et al. (2024) · Pharmacological Research - Reports · doi:10.1016/j.prerep.2024.100012
Self-citationPeripheral Nervous System and Spinal Cord
Dedam, J.-P. H., Fogel, M., & Fogel, E. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87484-0_10
- Authors
- Da Fonseca Pacheco, D., Klein, A., De Castro Perez, A., Da Fonseca Pacheco, C. M., De Francischi, J. N., & Duarte, I. D. G.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Duarte, I D G
- Venue
- British Journal of Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 154
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1143-1149
- ISSN
- 0007-1188 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5381
- PMC
- PMC2465574
- OpenAlex
- W2029908981
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- morphine, mu-opioid receptor, delta opioid receptor, kappa opioid receptor, cannabinoid receptors, peripheral antinociception, endocannabinoids, CB1 receptor, CB2 receptor, AM251, AM630, fatty acid amide hydrolase, opioid-cannabinoid interaction
- MeSH terms
- Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases, Amidohydrolases, Analgesics, Opioid, Animals, Arachidonic Acids, Benzamides, Benzomorphans, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Enzyme Inhibitors, Hyperalgesia, Indoles, Male, Morphine, Pain, Pain Measurement, Piperazines, Piperidines, Pyrazoles, Dinoprostone, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, Opioid, mu, Receptors, Opioid, delta, Receptors, Opioid, kappa, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2, Rats, Organophosphonates, Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators
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