Cited by 455Immune Response and InflammationIL-33, ST2, and ILC PathwaysAdvanced Glycation End Products research

HMGB1, IL-1α, IL-33 and S100 proteins: dual-function alarmins

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Bertheloot, Damien, Latz, Eicke·2017·Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Abstract

Our immune system is based on the close collaboration of the innate and adaptive immune systems for the rapid detection of any threats to the host. Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules is entrusted to specific germline-encoded signaling receptors. The same receptors have now also emerged as efficient detectors of misplaced or altered self-molecules that signal tissue damage and cell death following, for example, disruption of the blood supply and subsequent hypoxia. Many types of endogenous molecules have been shown to provoke such sterile inflammatory states when released from dying cells. However, a group of proteins referred to as alarmins have both intracellular and extracellular functions which have been the subject of intense research. Indeed, alarmins can either exert beneficial cell housekeeping functions, leading to tissue repair, or provoke deleterious uncontrolled inflammation. This group of proteins includes the high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-33 and the Ca 2+ -binding S100 proteins. These dual-function proteins share conserved regulatory mechanisms, such as secretory routes, post-translational modifications and enzymatic processing, that govern their extracellular functions in time and space. Release of alarmins from mesenchymal cells is a highly relevant mechanism by which immune cells can be alerted of tissue damage, and alarmins play a key role in the development of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases and in cancer development.

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Crossref · 10.1038/cmi.2016.34

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  • Upon inflammasome activation, pro-caspase 1 is cleaved to caspase 1, which converts pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into active forms released from cells; release is facilitated by GSDMD pore channels, which also mediate release of DAMPs including extracellular ATP.

    “upon inflammasome protein assembly and activation, pro-caspase 1 protein is cleaved to functional caspase 1, whose main function is the conversion of the inactive and intracellularly stored pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18, into their active forms that are released from cells.”

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Authors
Bertheloot, D., & Latz, E.
Affiliations
University of Bonn (DE)
Corresponding author
Latz, Eicke
Venue
Cellular & Molecular Immunology
Published
2016-08-29
Volume
14
Issue
1
Pages
43-64
ISSN
  • 1672-7681 (ISSN-L)
  • 2042-0226
OpenAlex
W2515338440
Cited by
455
References
315
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 4
FWCI
4.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cellular and Molecular Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (TRR57, SFB 670)
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL112661)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
Keywords
alarmins, HMGB1, interleukin-1 alpha, IL-33, S-100 protein, sterile inflammation, tissue damage, cell death, mesenchymal cells, extracellular release, post-translational modification, inflammation, cancer
MeSH terms
Alarmins, Interleukin-33, Animals, Humans, Models, Biological, S100 Proteins, HMGB1 Protein, Interleukin-1alpha

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