Cited by 723Advanced Glycation End Products researchImmune Response and InflammationNeutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms

Mutually exclusive redox forms of HMGB1 promote cell recruitment or proinflammatory cytokine release

Open access
Venereau, Emilie, Casalgrandi, Maura, Schiraldi, Milena, Antoine, Daniel J., Cattaneo, Angela, De Marchis, Francesco, Liu, Jaron, Antonelli, Antonella +10 more·2012·Journal of Experimental Medicine

Abstract

Tissue damage causes inflammation, by recruiting leukocytes and activating them to release proinflammatory mediators. We show that high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) orchestrates both processes by switching among mutually exclusive redox states. Reduced cysteines make HMGB1 a chemoattractant, whereas a disulfide bond makes it a proinflammatory cytokine and further cysteine oxidation to sulfonates by reactive oxygen species abrogates both activities. We show that leukocyte recruitment and activation can be separated. A nonoxidizable HMGB1 mutant in which serines replace all cysteines (3S-HMGB1) does not promote cytokine production, but is more effective than wild-type HMGB1 in recruiting leukocytes in vivo. BoxA, a HMGB1 inhibitor, interferes with leukocyte recruitment but not with activation. We detected the different redox forms of HMGB1 ex vivo within injured muscle. HMGB1 is completely reduced at first and disulfide-bonded later. Thus, HMGB1 orchestrates both key events in sterile inflammation, leukocyte recruitment and their induction to secrete inflammatory cytokines, by adopting mutually exclusive redox states.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1084/jem.20120189

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • HMGB1 biological activities can switch from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory depending on variables including oxidation state.

    “That said, it should be noted that biological activities of HMGB1 may flip from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory depending on multiple variables including its oxidation state [917–923].”
  • The disulfide form of HMGB1 mediates its proinflammatory effects by signaling through TLR4.

    “The disulfide form mediates the proinflammatory effects of HMGB1 by signaling through TLR4, whereas the reduced form mediates the chemotactic properties of HMGB1 by forming a complex with the chemokine CXCL12 and signaling through CXCR4.”
  • HMGB1 can function either as a chemotactic or proinflammatory mediator depending on the redox state of three critical cysteines.

    “HMGB1 can function either as a chemotactic or proinflammatory mediator depending on the redox state of three critical cysteines (Venereau et al, 2012).”
  • The reduced form of HMGB1 mediates its chemotactic properties by forming a complex with CXCL12 and signaling through CXCR4.

    “The disulfide form mediates the proinflammatory effects of HMGB1 by signaling through TLR4, whereas the reduced form mediates the chemotactic properties of HMGB1 by forming a complex with the chemokine CXCL12 and signaling through CXCR4.”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

1 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Venereau, E., Casalgrandi, M., Schiraldi, M., Antoine, D. J., Cattaneo, A., De Marchis, F., Liu, J., Antonelli, A., Preti, A., Raeli, L., Shams, S. S., Yang, H., Varani, L., Andersson, U., Tracey, K. J., Bachi, A., Uguccioni, M., & Bianchi, M. E.
Affiliations
  • Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy 1
  • HMGBiotech Srl, 20133 Milan, Italy 2
  • Institute for Research in Biomedicine (CH)
  • University of Liverpool (GB)
  • IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (IT)
  • Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
  • Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (US)
  • Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
Corresponding author
Bianchi, Marco E.
Venue
Journal of Experimental Medicine
Published
2012-08-06
Volume
209
Issue
9
Pages
1519-1528
ISSN
  • 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
  • 1540-9538
OpenAlex
W2141438911
Cited by
720
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 48 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 60 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 10
FWCI
38.20
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • European Commission (281608, 280873)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM062508)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
Keywords
HMGB1, high mobility group box 1, redox regulation, cysteine oxidation, disulfide bonds, leukocyte recruitment, sterile inflammation, tissue damage, muscle damage, reactive oxygen species, chemoattractants, leukocyte activation
MeSH terms
Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Cell Movement, Chemotactic Factors, Cysteine, Disulfides, Inflammation, Leukocytes, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mutation, Recombinant Proteins, Cytokines, Reactive Oxygen Species, Muscle, Skeletal, HMGB1 Protein, Mice, Rats

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review