Relative Importance for Linear Regression in R : The Package relaimpo
Open accessAbstract
Relative importance is a topic that has seen a lot of interest in recent years, particularly in applied work. The R package relaimpo implements six different metrics for assessing relative importance of regressors in the linear model, two of which are recommended - averaging over orderings of regressors and a newly proposed metric (Feldman 2005) called pmvd. Apart from delivering the metrics themselves, relaimpo also provides (exploratory) bootstrap confidence intervals. This paper offers a brief tutorial introduction to the package. The methods and relaimpo's functionality are illustrated using the data set swiss that is generally available in R. The paper targets readers who have a basic understanding of multiple linear regression. For the background of more advanced aspects, references are provided.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Bootstrap tests comparing the relative importance of the intention-offloading/nonoffloading task against the other three measures yielded an effect at p < .1 in each case.
“Furthermore, bootstrap tests (Grömping, 2006) to directly compare the relative importance of the intention-offloading/nonoffloading task against the other three measures (using a default of 1000 bootstrap runs) yielded an effect at p < .1 in each case.”
From Strategic offloading of delayed intentions into the external environment (2015) · cites this paper as Grömping, 2006
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Variable selection using random forests
Genuer, R., Poggi, J.-M., & Tuleau-Malot, C. (2010) · Pattern Recognition Letters · doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2010.03.014 · Cited by 2,619 · see citing works
An atlas of active enhancers across human cell types and tissues
The FANTOM Consortium, Andersson, R., Gebhard, C., Miguel-Escalada, I., Hoof, I., Bornholdt, J., Boyd, M., Chen, Y., Zhao, X., Schmidl, C., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12787 · Cited by 2,550 · see citing works
Needs and subjective well-being around the world.
Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023779 · Cited by 1,303 · see citing works
Can network analysis transform psychopathology?
McNally, R. J. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.006 · Cited by 1,072 · see citing works
Mental Disorders as Causal Systems: A Network Approach to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
McNally, R. J., Robinaugh, D. J., Wu, G. W. Y., Wang, L., Deserno, M. K., & Borsboom, D. (2015) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614553230 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Food sharing in vampire bats: reciprocal help predicts donations more than relatedness or harassment
Carter, G. G., & Wilkinson, G. S. (2013) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.2573 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Baykara, E., Gesierich, B., Adam, R., Tuladhar, A. M., Biesbroek, J. M., Koek, H. L., Ropele, S., Jouvent, E., Initiative, A. D. N., Chabriat, H., et al. (2016) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24758 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Dube, U., Del-Aguila, J. L., Li, Z., Budde, J. P., Jiang, S., Hsu, S., Ibanez, L., Fernandez, M. V., Farias, F., Norton, J., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0501-5 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
“2.3 38 .”
InfluentialOkano, K., Kaczmarzyk, J. R., Dave, N., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Grossman, J. C. (2019) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-019-0055-z · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Huisman, B., Saab, N., van Driel, J., & van den Broek, P. (2018) · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/02602938.2018.1424318 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Bryant, R. A., Creamer, M., O’Donnell, M., Forbes, D., McFarlane, A. C., Silove, D., & Hadzi-Pavlovic, D. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3470 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Working on my own: Measuring the challenges of gig work
Caza, B. B., Reid, E. M., Ashford, S. J., & Granger, S. (2022) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/00187267211030098 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Network analysis of persistent complex bereavement disorder in conjugally bereaved adults.
Robinaugh, D. J., LeBlanc, N. J., Vuletich, H. A., & McNally, R. J. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000002 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
The nonlesional skin surface distinguishes atopic dermatitis with food allergy as a unique endotype
Leung, D. Y. M., Calatroni, A., Zaramela, L. S., LeBeau, P. K., Dyjack, N., Brar, K., David, G., Johnson, K., Leung, S., Ramirez-Gama, M., et al. (2019) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aav2685 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Exploring the psychology of suicidal ideation: a theory driven network analysis.
De Beurs, D., Fried, E. I., Wetherall, K., Cleare, S., O’ Connor, D. B., Ferguson, E., O'Carroll, R. E., & O’ Connor, R. C. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103419 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Heeren, A., & McNally, R. J. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.009 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Strategic offloading of delayed intentions into the external environment
Gilbert, S. J. (2015) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2014.972963 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Matikainen, N., Söderlund, S., Björnson, E., Pietiläinen, K., Hakkarainen, A., Lundbom, N., Taskinen, M., & Borén, J. (2019) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13487 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Association between diabetes-related eye complications and symptoms of anxiety and depression
Rees, G., Xie, J., Fenwick, E. K., Sturrock, B. A., Finger, R., Rogers, S. L., Lim, L., & Lamoureux, E. L. (2016) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.2213 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Kanjo, E., Younis, E. M. G., & Sherkat, N. (2018) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2017.05.005 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Ellis, N. C., O'Donnell, M. B., & Römer, U. (2014) · Cognitive Linguistics · doi:10.1515/cog-2013-0031 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Azevedo, F., & Jost, J. T. (2021) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430221990104 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Wine, M. L., & Cadol, D. (2016) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/8/085006 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Immune system development varies according to age, location, and anemia in African children
Hill, D. L., Carr, E. J., Rutishauser, T., Moncunill, G., Campo, J. J., Innocentin, S., Mpina, M., Nhabomba, A., Tumbo, A., Jairoce, C., et al. (2020) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw9522 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Hulman, A., Witte, D. R., Vistisen, D., Balkau, B., Dekker, J. M., Herder, C., Hatunic, M., Konrad, T., Færch, K., & Manco, M. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-0279 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Turunen, A. W., Männistö, S., Kiviranta, H., Marniemi, J., Jula, A., Tiittanen, P., Suominen-Taipale, L., Vartiainen, T., & Verkasalo, P. K. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.147 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Lipoprotein markers associated with disability from multiple sclerosis
Gafson, A. R., Thorne, T., McKechnie, C. I. J., Jimenez, B., Nicholas, R., & Matthews, P. M. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35232-7 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Jo, D., Pyo, S., Hwang, Y., Seung, Y., & Yang, E. (2024) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100798 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Perspectives on the Global Disparity in Ecological Science
Livingston, G., Waring, B., Pacheco, L. F., Buchori, D., Jiang, Y., Gilbert, L., & Jha, S. (2016) · BioScience · doi:10.1093/biosci/biv175 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Contact Potential for Structure Prediction of Proteins and Protein Complexes from Potts Model
Anishchenko, I., Kundrotas, P. J., & Vakser, I. A. (2018) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2018.07.035 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Stewart, R. A., Patel, T. A., McDermott, K. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.026 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
- Authors
- Grömping, U.
- Corresponding author
- Grömping, Ulrike
- ORCID
- Grömping, Ulrike
- Venue
- Journal of Statistical Software
- Publisher
- Foundation for Open Access Statistic
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1548-7660 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1795468129
- Cited by
- 2,615
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 147 · 2025: 207 · 2024: 242 · 2023: 274 · 2022: 250 · 2021: 284 · 2020: 254 · 2019: 213 · 2018: 174 · 2017: 129 · 2016: 133 · 2015: 72 · 2014: 78 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 6.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Statistical Software (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Data Analysis with R
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
- Keywords
- relative importance, multiple linear regression, bootstrap confidence intervals
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review