Cited by 98Fatty Acid Research and HealthNutritional Studies and DietInflammatory mediators and NSAID effects

Low- and high-dose plant and marine (n-3) fatty acids do not affect plasma inflammatory markers in adults with metabolic syndrome

Open access
Dewell, Antonella, Marvasti, Farshad Fani, Harris, William S., Tsao, Philip, Gardner, Christopher D.·2011·The Journal of Nutrition

Abstract

Chronic inflammation is considered to play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Various (n-3) fatty acids (FA) have been reported to have antiinflammatory effects, but there is a lack of consensus in this area, particularly in regard to optimal source(s) and dose(s). This study aimed to determine the effects of high and low doses of (n-3) FA from plant and marine sources on plasma inflammatory marker concentrations. One-hundred adults with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to a low or high dose of plant- (2.2 or 6.6 g/d α-linolenic acid) or marine- (1.2 or 3.6 g/d EPA and DHA) derived (n-3) FA or placebo for 8 wk, using a parallel arm design (n = 20/arm). Fasting blood samples collected at 0, 4, and 8 wk were analyzed for concentrations of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and for cardiovascular risk factors. Baseline concentrations across all 5 groups combined were (mean ± SD) 103 ± 32 ng/L for MCP-1, 1.06 ± 0.56 ng/L for IL-6, and 0.197 ± 0.041 ng/L for sICAM-1. There were no significant differences in 8-wk changes in plasma inflammatory marker concentrations among the 5 groups. Plasma TG and blood pressure decreased significantly more and the LDL cholesterol concentration increased more in the high-dose fish oil group compared to the 8-wk changes in some of the other 4 groups (P ≤ 0.04). In conclusion, no beneficial effects were detected for any of the 3 inflammatory markers investigated in response to (n-3) FA in adults with metabolic syndrome regardless of dose or source.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3945/jn.111.142240

Cites

49 of 49 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The effects of omega-3 fatty acids on HDL cholesterol and blood glucose levels have shown mixed results across different studies.

    “Despite these promising findings, the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on other MetS components, such as HDL cholesterol and blood glucose levels, have shown mixed results across different studies [11].”

    From Marine-Based Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2025) · cites this paper as [11]

    The Data collection section lists HDL cholesterol and glucose as secondary outcomes, but the Secondary outcomes section reports significant differences only for LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure. Searches for mixed or conflicting findings across studies found no passage discussing such findings for HDL cholesterol or blood glucose. (LLM, conf=0.73)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Dewell, A., Marvasti, F. F., Harris, W. S., Tsao, P., & Gardner, C. D.
Affiliations
  • Stanford Medicine (US)
  • University of South Dakota (US)
Corresponding author
Gardner, Christopher D.
Venue
The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-12
Volume
141
Issue
12
Pages
2166-2171
ISSN
0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2101997203
Cited by
98
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
FWCI
8.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • GlaxoSmithKline
  • National Institutes of Health (5r21at003465-02)
  • National Center for Research Resources (RR025744, UL1RR025744)
  • National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (R21 AT003465, R21AT003465-01)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
Keywords
omega-3 fatty acids, metabolic syndrome, chronic inflammation, plasma inflammatory markers, alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, fish oil, dose-response relationship, MCP-1, interleukin-6, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, cardiovascular risk factors, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure
MeSH terms
Adult, Data Collection, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Fatty Acids, Female, Fish Oils, Humans, Inflammation, Linseed Oil, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Treatment Outcome, alpha-Linolenic Acid, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Chemokine CCL2, Metabolic Syndrome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review