The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nicotine reinforcement and cognition restored by targeted expression of nicotinic receptors
Abstract
Worldwide, 100 million people are expected to die this century from the consequences of nicotine addiction, but nicotine is also known to enhance cognitive performance. Identifying the molecular mechanisms involved in nicotine reinforcement and cognition is a priority and requires the development of new in vivo experimental paradigms. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the midbrain is thought to mediate the reinforcement properties of many drugs of abuse. Here we specifically re-expressed the beta2-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) by stereotaxically injecting a lentiviral vector into the VTA of mice carrying beta2-subunit deletions. We demonstrate the efficient re-expression of electrophysiologically responsive, ligand-binding nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in dopamine-containing neurons of the VTA, together with the recovery of nicotine-elicited dopamine release and nicotine self-administration. We also quantified exploratory behaviours of the mice, and showed that beta2-subunit re-expression restored slow exploratory behaviour (a measure of cognitive function) to wild-type levels, but did not affect fast navigation behaviour. We thus demonstrate the sufficient role of the VTA in both nicotine reinforcement and endogenous cholinergic regulation of cognitive functions.
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In the citing paper
“Selective viral reexpression of β2 Ã (Maskos et al. 2005;Pons et al. 2008) or α4 Ã nAChRs in the VTA is sufficient to support both intra-VTA (Maskos et al. 2005) and systemic nicotine self-administration (Pons et al. 2008), identifying the nAChR subtypes necessary for nicotine reinforcement, as well as showing the importance of nAChRs within the VTA itself for this behavior.”
From Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Maskos et al. 2005
In the citing paper
“ACh provides a complex regulation of reward and motivation behaviors through its actions on dopamine (DA) circuitry [68–72].”
From Adolescent nicotine exposure and persistent neurocircuitry changes: unveiling lifelong psychiatric risks (2025) · cites this paper as [72]
In the citing paper
“Nicotine in adolescence is thus poised to alter DA development, as it acts directly on VTA DA neurons through their expression of nAChRs, modulating their firing rate in a population-specific manner in adult rodents [72, 137–139].”
From Adolescent nicotine exposure and persistent neurocircuitry changes: unveiling lifelong psychiatric risks (2025) · cites this paper as [72]
In the citing paper
“Evidence for this idea stemmed from studies showing that mice lacking the ␣4, ␣6, and/or 2 nAChR subunits fail to self-administer nicotine, whereas re-expression of these subunits in the ventral tegmental area of knockout mice restored nicotine self-administration”
From Varenicline Is a Potent Partial Agonist at α6β2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Rat and Monkey Striatum (2012) · cites this paper as Maskos et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“extensive studies showing that 2, ␣4, or ␣6 nAChRs knockout mice fail to self-administer nicotine (Picciotto et al., 1998;Marubio et al., 2003;Maskos et al., 2005;Pons et al., 2008).”
From Varenicline Is a Potent Partial Agonist at α6β2* Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Rat and Monkey Striatum (2012) · cites this paper as Maskos et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“particularly because the addictive effects of nicotine are mediated primarily through stimulation of nAChRs in the VTA (Drenan et al., 2008; Maskos et al., 2005; McGranahan et al., 2011; Picciotto et al., 1998).”
From Acetylcholine as a Neuromodulator: Cholinergic Signaling Shapes Nervous System Function and Behavior (2012) · cites this paper as Maskos et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“Mice learn to run on a Y-maze to self-administer nicotine into the VTA, an effect that can be diminished by systemic administration of dopamine antagonists”
From Dopamine reward circuitry: Two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens–olfactory tubercle complex (2007) · cites this paper as Maskos et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“Nicotine reinforcement and reward is mediated through nAChRs in the mesolimbic system (Maskos et al., 2005; McGranahan et al., 2011; Tolu et al., 2012)”
From Mood and anxiety regulation by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: A potential pathway to modulate aggression and related behavioral states (2015) · cites this paper as Maskos et al., 2005
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Long-term effects of chronic nicotine exposure on brain nicotinic receptors
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“…with 45% of nicotine’s maximal efficacy at a4b2 nAChRs (Rollema et al, 2007) and stimulates dopamine release from rat nucleus accumbens (Coe et al, 2005), which is mediated via interactions with a4b2 nAChRs in the ventral tegmental area, similar to nicotine-evoked DA release (Maskos et al, 2005).”
BackgroundNicotinic receptors, allosteric proteins and medicine
Changeux, J., & Taly, A. (2008) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2008.01.001 · Cited by 115
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BackgroundAllosteric Receptors: From Electric Organ to Cognition
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Action of Nicotine in the CNS
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“Hetero-oligomeric receptors containing β2 and α4 subunits seem to play pivotal roles in the addictive effects of nicotine (Grottick et al., 2000; Maskos et al., 2005; Picciotto et al., 1998; Walters et al., 2006).”
BackgroundStriatal α5 Nicotinic Receptor Subunit Regulates Dopamine Transmission in Dorsal Striatum
Exley, R. A., McIntosh, J. M., Marks, M. J., Maskos, U., & Cragg, S. J. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4985-11.2012 · Cited by 107
“For example, deletion of either 4 or 2 subunits prevents nicotineinduced changes in DA neuron excitability and nicotine selfadministration in rodents (Picciotto et al., 1998; Maskos et al., 2005; Pons et al., 2008).”
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“Mice that lack expression of b2* nAChRs fail to self-administer nicotine and exhibit impaired tolerance to nicotine (Maskos et al., 2005; McCallum et al., 2006; Picciotto et al., 1998).”
BackgroundHerman, A. M., Huang, L., Murphey, D. K., Garcia, I., & Arenkiel, B. R. (2014) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.01481 · Cited by 104
“Cholinergic signaling has been implicated in reward, learning, and addiction (Tapper et al., 2004; Maskos et al., 2005; De Biasi and Dani, 2011), and optogenetic tools are now being broadly applied Figure 1.”
MethodDopaminergic and cholinergic learning mechanisms in nicotine addiction
Subramaniyan, M., & Dani, J. A. (2015) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12871 · Cited by 110
An essential role of acetylcholine-glutamate synergy at habenular synapses in nicotine dependence
Frahm, S., Antolin-Fontes, B., Görlich, A., Zander, J.-F., Ahnert-Hilger, G., & Ibañez-Tallon, I. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.11396 · Cited by 98
“Both nuclei exchange reciprocal information and provide glutamatergic (Geisler and Wise, 2008) and cholinergic (Maskos et al., 2005) input to the VTA.”
BackgroundPsychopharmacology of Tobacco and Alcohol Comorbidity: a Review of Current Evidence
Adams, S. H. (2017) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-017-0129-z · Cited by 101
Prior Exposure to THC Increases the Addictive Effects of Nicotine in Rats
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Influence of Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors over Nicotine Addiction and Withdrawal
De Biasi, M., & Salas, R. (2008) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/0712-mr-355 · Cited by 95
“Experimental evidence from several groups has confirmed the role of a4b2 nAChRs in addiction (14, 15).”
BackgroundBrunzell, D. H., Boschen, K. E., Hendrick, E. S., Beardsley, P. M., & McIntosh, J. M. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.171 · Cited by 95
“Recovery of β 2nAChR subunit mRNA into the VTA is sufficient for more prolonged intra-VTA self-administration of nicotine (Maskos et al, 2005), but local infusion of nicotine bypasses brain areas outside of the VTA that may also contribute to nicotine use.”
Progress in nicotinic receptor structural biology
Gharpure, A., Noviello, C., & Hibbs, R. E. (2020) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108086 · Cited by 103
“Neuronal nicotinic receptors are expressed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and play important roles in cognition (Ji et al., 2001; Levin, 2002; Maskos et al., 2005; Ohno et al., 1993; Picciotto et al., 1995), addiction (Azam et al.”
BackgroundFowler, C. D., & Kenny, P. J. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.05.012 · Cited by 103
Quik, M., Perez, X. A., & Grady, S. R. (2011) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.001 · Cited by 97
“Lentiviral vector re-expression of the β2 subunit into the ventral tegmental area of β2 knockout mice demonstrated a key role for β2* nAChRs in nicotine reinforcement [89, 90].”
Illicit dopamine transients: reconciling actions of abused drugs
Covey, D. P., Roitman, M. F., & Garris, P. A. (2014) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.02.002 · Cited by 90
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“It has been proposed that the primary reinforcing properties of nicotine may arise from stimulating of nicotinic receptors in the VTA (Nomikos et al, 2000; Maskos et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMelis, M., Carta, S., Fattore, L., Tolu, S., Yasar, S., Goldberg, S. R., Fratta, W., Maskos, U., & Pistis, M. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.016 · Cited by 89
Self-citationCorringer, P.-J., Sallette, J., & Changeux, J.-P. (2006) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2005.12.012 · Cited by 86
“The reexpression in the mice of mutant b2 subunits endowed with different up-regulation properties is underway in our laboratory (Sallette et al., 2004; Maskos et al., 2005 ), and is expected to get insights into the contribution of up-regulation to behavioral tests, including self-administration, sensitization and to…”
David, V., Besson, M., Changeux, J.-P., Granon, S., & Cazala, P. (2006) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.02.003 · Cited by 87
Self-citationNicotinic α 7 Receptors as a New Target for Treatment of Cannabis Abuse
Solinas, M., Scherma, M., Fattore, L., Stroik, J., Wertheim, C. E., Tanda, G., Fratta, W., & Goldberg, S. R. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0027-07.2007 · Cited by 90
“…2001), it appears that the rewarding and psychotropic effects of nicotine are primarily mediated in the VTA (Corrigall et al., 1994; Ikemoto et al., 2006) by non- 7 nACh receptors (Picciotto et al., 1998; Gommans et al., 2000; Grottick et al., 2000; Maskos et al., 2005; Walters et al., 2006).”
BackgroundEfficacy and Safety of Varenicline for Smoking Cessation
Hays, J. T., Ebbert, J. O., & Sood, A. (2008) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.01.017 · Cited by 84
“The 4 2 nAChRs are located at the presynaptic terminals in the nucleus accumbens and play an important role in dopamine release.(16) Based on this understanding, it was hypothesized that a partial agonist of the 4 2 nAChR (i.”
BackgroundLuchicchi, A., Lecca, S., Carta, S., Pillolla, G., Muntoni, A. L., Yaşar, S., Goldberg, S. R., & Pistis, M. (2010) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00222.x · Cited by 88
“…completely prevents nicotine-induced increases in firing rate and burst firing of ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons of anesthetized rats (Melis et al. 2008), thus inhibiting one of the primary neuronal responses to nicotine administration in the brain reward system (Maskos et al. 2005).”
BackgroundTherapeutic Potential of 5-HT 2C Receptor Agonists for Addictive Disorders
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Synaptic plasticity and addiction: Learning mechanisms gone awry
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A neurocomputational hypothesis for nicotine addiction
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Interplay of β2* nicotinic receptors and dopamine pathways in the control of spontaneous locomotion
Avale, M. E., Fauré, P., Pons, S., Robledo, P., Deltheil, T., David, D. J. P., Gardier, A. M., Maldonado, R. J., Granon, S., Changeux, J., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0807635105 · Cited by 87
“4F), supporting our previous finding that this activity is under the control of !2*nAChRs in the VTA (22).”
BackgroundInfluentialRole of the Glutamatergic System in Nicotine Dependence
Liechti, M. E., & Markou, A. (2008) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200822090-00001 · Cited by 79
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
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“nAChRs in the VTA has determined a critical role for these receptors in mediating the reinforcing properties of nicotine [64-68].”
Live imaging of neural structure and function by fibred fluorescence microscopy
Vincent, P., Maskos, U., Charvet, I., Bourgeais, L., Stoppini, L., Leresche, N., Changeux, J., Lambert, R. C., Meda, P., & Paupardin‐Tritsch, D. (2006) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400801 · Cited by 78
“These unique features represent an important improvement for monitoring the structure and function of neural structures and other tissues in vivo.”
BackgroundToll, L., Zaveri, N. T., Polgar, W. E., Jiang, F., Khroyan, T. V., Zhou, W., Xie, X., Stauber, G. B., Costello, M. R., & Leslie, F. M. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.322 · Cited by 80
“…early on that both the a4 and b2 subunits have a role in nicotine-seeking activity. b2 nAChR knockout mice do not self-administer nicotine, an activity that can be restored by viral vectorinduced replacement of this subunit into the VTA (Maskos et al, 2005; Picciotto et al, 1998; Pons et al, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialPositive and Negative Effects of Alcohol and Nicotine and Their Interactions: A Mechanistic Review
Hurley, L. L., Taylor, R. E., & Tizabi, Y. (2011) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-011-9275-6 · Cited by 83
“Nicotine appears to activate mesolimbic reward pathway through nAChRs (especially a4/a6b2 and a7 subunits: Exley et al. 2011; Gotti et al. 2010; Mansvelder and McGehee 2000; Maskos et al. 2005; Pidoplichko et al. 1997; Pons et al. 2008).”
BackgroundRecognising Nicotine: The Neurobiological Basis of Nicotine Discrimination
Smith, J. W., & Stolerman, I. P. (2009) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69248-5_11 · Cited by 75
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“Intracranial selfadministration is a powerful method to assess the role of receptor populations locally implicated in the acute rewarding effects of abused drugs in rodents, including nicotine in mice (Wise and Hoffman 1992; McBride et al. 1999; David et al. 2002, 2004, 2006; Maskos et al. 2005).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationHeidbreder, C. A., Andreoli, M., Marcon, C., Hutcheson, D. M., Gardner, E. L., & Ashby, C. R. (2007) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2007.00051.x · Cited by 72
Hopkins, T. J., Rupprecht, L. E., Hayes, M. R., Blendy, J. A., & Schmidt, H. D. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2012.83 · Cited by 73
“…a4b2* nAChRs (Samochocki et al, 2003; Smulders et al, 2005). a4b2* nAChRs have a critical role in nicotine reinforcement (Epping-Jordan et al, 1999; Maskos et al, 2005; Picciotto et al, 1998) and drugs that target a4b2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, such as varenicline, decrease nicotine…”
BackgroundPortugal, G. S., & Gould, T. J. (2008) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.05.006 · Cited by 73
“…and Gould Page 32 Gene Effect in KO/KI Mice References Lentiviral re-expression Re-expression of β2 nAChRs in VTA restores self-administration Maskos et al., 2005 CHRNB3 KO Mice No inhibition of nicotine-induced DA release by αCtxMII Cui et al., 2003 Salminen et al., 2004 Enhanced open…”
BackgroundLiechti, M. E., & Markou, A. (2006) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.10.011 · Cited by 71
“Nicotine exerts its reinforcing effects primarily via activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on mesolimbic dopamine neurons projecting from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens (Kalivas, 1993; Maskos et al., 2005; Picciotto and Corrigall, 2002; Watkins et al., 2000a).”
BackgroundSanjakdar, S. S., Maldoon, P. P., Marks, M. J., Brunzell, D. H., Maskos, U., McIntosh, J. M., Bowers, M. S., & Damaj, M. I. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.177 · Cited by 74
“This study targeted a4* and a6* nAChRs, because these receptors are co-expressed with the b2 subunit, and b2*nAChRs are known to be crucial for nicotine reinforcement and reward (Maskos et al, 2005; Picciotto et al, 1998; Walters et al, 2006).”
BackgroundResultBordia, T., Hrachova, M., Chin, M., McIntosh, J. M., & Quik, M. (2012) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.112.194852 · Cited by 70
“Such a mechanism of action to explain the effects of varenicline on smoking cessation is consistent with the result of extensive studies showing that 2, 4, or 6 nAChRs knockout mice fail to self-administer nicotine (Picciotto et al., 1998; Marubio et al., 2003; Maskos et al., 2005; Pons et al., 2008).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTobacco dependence, the insular cortex and the hypocretin connection
Kenny, P. J. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2010.08.015 · Cited by 69
“…in nicotine reinforcement (Corrigall et al., 1994 and Corrigall et al., 1992 and David et al., 2006 and Fu et al., 2000 and Grillner and Svensson, 2000 and Ikemoto et al., 2006 and Kenny et al., 2009 and Laviolette and van der Kooy, 2003 and Mansvelder and McGehee, 2000 and Maskos et al., 2005).”
BackgroundBillen, B., Spurný, R., Brams, M., van Elk, R., Valera-Kummer, S., Yakel, J. L., Voets, T., Bertrand, D., Smit, A. B., & Ulens, C. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1116397109 · Cited by 71
Mysterious α6-containing nAChRs: function, pharmacology, and pathophysiology
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“The potential role of presynaptic α6a-nAChRs in nicotine reward and dependence The mesocorticolimbic system including VTA DAergic neurons and their projection areas is postulated to play a crucial role in regulation of cognitive functions, reward-based learning, and addictio”
BackgroundBiological basis of tobacco addiction: Implications for smoking-cessation treatment
Jiloha, R. C. (2010) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/0019-5545.74303 · Cited by 75
“[23] The alpha 3 – Jiloha: Biology of tobacco addiction and treatment implications beta 4 and alpha 7 (homomeric) receptor subtypes mediate the cardiovascular effects of nicotine.”
The Neuronal Workspace Model: Conscious Processing and Learning
Changeux, J., & Dehaene, S. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012370509-9.00078-4 · Cited by 71
Cholinergic modulation of dopamine pathways through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
de Kloet, S. F., Mansvelder, H. D., & De Vries, T. J. (2015) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2015.07.014 · Cited by 69
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“Moreover, carbachol (Ikemoto and Wise, 2002) and nicotine (Maskos et al., 2005; Ikemoto et al., 2006) are self-administered into the posterior (but not anterior) VTA.”
Cuttoli, R. D.-D., Mondoloni, S., Marti, F., Lemoine, D., Nguyen, C., Naudé, J., d’Izarny-Gargas, T., Pons, S., Maskos, U., Trauner, D. H., et al. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.37487 · Cited by 73
The Role of the Habenula in Nicotine Addiction
Baldwin, P. R., Alanis, R., & Salas, R. (2012) · Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2155-6105.s1-002 · Cited by 67
“ISSN:2155-6105 JART, an open access journal Methamphetamine and Nicotine AddictionJ Addict Res Ther Keywords: Habenula; Tobacco; Nicotine; Nicotinic receptors; Withdrawal Abbreviations: Ipn: Interpeduncular Nucleus; VTA: Ventral Tegmental Area; RMTg: Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus; nAChR: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Recep…”
BackgroundInfluentialNicotine Effects and the Endogenous Opioid System
Kishioka, S., Kiguchi, N., Kobayashi, Y., & Saika, F. (2014) · Journal of Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1254/jphs.14r03cp · Cited by 68
Flatscher‐Bader, T., Zuvela, N. G., Landis, N., & Wilce, P. A. (2007) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm283 · Cited by 66
“Further, sensitization to nicotine resulted in prolonged spine length and increased spine density in the NAC of rats (36).”
BackgroundInfluentialFrom smoking to lung cancer: the CHRNA5/A3/B4 connection
Improgo, M. R., Scofield, M. D., Tapper, A. R., & Gardner, P. D. (2010) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2010.256 · Cited by 67
“Expression of a4- and b2-containing receptors in the ventral tegmental area is necessary and sufficient for nicotine-mediated dopamine elevation in the NAc (Picciotto et al., 1998; Marubio et al., 2003; Maskos et al., 2005; Pons et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialModulation of alcohol and nicotine responses through the endogenous opioid system
Drews, E., & Zimmer, A. (2009) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.09.004 · Cited by 66
Kabbani, N., Woll, M. P., Levenson, R. G., Lindstrom, J. M., & Changeux, J. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0710314104 · Cited by 64
Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: Focus on Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Smoking
Ochoa, E. L. M., & Lasalde‐Dominicci, J. A. (2007) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-007-9149-x · Cited by 64
“The a4 (Tapper et al. 2004) and the b2 subunit (Picciotto et al. 1999; Maskos et al. 2005) are linked to both the reinforcing properties and to the cognitive augmenting effects of nicotine.”
BackgroundPharmacogenetics of alcohol, nicotine and drug addiction treatments
Sturgess, J. E., George, T. P., Kennedy, J. L., Heinz, A., & Müller, D. J. (2011) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00287.x · Cited by 63
“…Yakel 1999). a4b2-containing nAChRs are believed to be of primary importance for mediating the rewarding effects of nicotine; both a4 and b2 subunit genes have been shown to play a role in sensitivity and response to nicotine in mice (Picciotto et al. 1998; Tapper et al. 2004; Maskos et al. 2005).”
BackgroundNicotinic receptors in the ventral tegmental area promote uncertainty-seeking
Naudé, J., Tolu, S., Dongelmans, M., Torquet, N., Valverde, S., Rodriguez, G., Pons, S., Maskos, U., Mourot, A., Marti, F., et al. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4223 · Cited by 61
“(13) In the DS, we fitted the free parameters and initial conditions of these 7 models: standard RL (α, β, V(0)), asymmetric learning rates RL (α−, α+, β, V(0)), RL with uncertainty bonus (α, β, φ, V(0), σ(0)), RL with separate learning for value and uncertainty (α, αφ, β, φ, V(0), σ(0)), RL with asymmetric learning r…”
Al‐Hasani, R., McCall, J. G., Foshage, A. M., & Bruchas, M. R. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.151 · Cited by 65
“Viral Vector Design and Production The KOR construct was developed based on a lentiviral construct expressing the b2 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor under the mouse phosphoglycerol kinase (PGK) promoter (Land et al, 2009; Maskos et al, 2005).”
MethodBiała, G., Staniak, N., & Budzyńska, B. (2010) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-010-0498-5 · Cited by 62
“Additionally, targeted expression of b2 subunits in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of b2 knock-out mice reinstates nicotine-seeking behavior and nicotine-induced dopamine release (Maskos et al. 2005).”
BackgroundDo Nicotinic Receptors Modulate High-Order Cognitive Processing?
Koukouli, F., & Changeux, J. (2020) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.06.001 · Cited by 63
Serotonin receptors as potential targets for modulation of nicotine use and dependence
Fletcher, P. J., LE, A., & Higgins, G. A. (2008) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)00918-7 · Cited by 61
“The findings of Maskos et al. (2005) demonstrating restoration of nicotine selfadministration following a targeted re-expression of the b2 subunit into the VTA, further support this site as an important locus for the reinforcing and stimulant properties of nicotine.”
BackgroundInfluentialNicotinic Receptor Contributions to Smoking: Insights from Human Studies and Animal Models
Brunzell, D. H., Stafford, A. M., & Dixon, C. I. (2015) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-015-0042-2 · Cited by 58
Ryanodine receptor‐2 upregulation and nicotine‐mediated plasticity
Ziviani, E., Lippi, G., Bano, D., Munarriz, E. R., Guiducci, S., Zoli, M., Young, K. W., & Nicotera, P. (2010) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2010.279 · Cited by 59
“In the VTA, b2-containing nAChRs, located on intrinsic neurons, are required for nicotine stimu- lation of dopamine release (Zhou et al, 2001) and nicotine reinforcing properties (Maskos et al, 2005).”
BackgroundSpiller, K., Xi, Z.-X., Li, X., Ashby, C. R., Callahan, P. M., Tehim, A., & Gardner, E. L. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.04.006 · Cited by 58
“Further, re-expression of the β2-subunit in the VTA and its axonal projections in β2-knockout mice restored nicotine self-administration (Maskos et al., 2005).”
BackgroundDrug-evoked synaptic plasticity: beyond metaplasticity
Creed, M. C., & Lüscher, C. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.03.005 · Cited by 58
“Nicotine increases firing of DA neurons through a4b2-containing nicotinic receptors that are expressed on these DA neurons [5], whereas opioids [6], g-hydroxybutyrate [7], cannabinoids [8], and benzodiazepines [9] decrease activity of GABAergic interneurons in the VTA and thus disinhibit dopamine neurons.”
Conditioned Place Preference Induced by Licit Drugs: Establishment, Extinction, and Reinstatement
Liu, Y., Foll, B. L., Liu, Y., Wang, X. L., & Lü, L. (2008) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1100/tsw.2008.154 · Cited by 60
“By modifying the nicotine CPP methodology according to these findings, progressively more laboratories have produced significant nicotine-induced CPP in rats[120,127,128,129,130] and mice[131,132,133].”
MethodParrott, A. C. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0294-y · Cited by 59
Historical and current perspective on tobacco use and nicotine addiction
Dani, J. A., & Balfour, D. J. K. (2011) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2011.05.001 · Cited by 68
Elayouby, K. S., Ishikawa, M., Dukes, A. J., Smith, A. C. W., Lu, Q., Fowler, C. D., & Kenny, P. J. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0127-19.2020 · Cited by 63
Integrating the Roles of Midbrain Dopamine Circuits in Behavior and Neuropsychiatric Disease
Chen, A. P. F., Chen, L., Kim, T. A., & Xiong, Q. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9060647 · Cited by 59
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Containing the α4 Subunit Modulate Alcohol Reward
Liu, L., Hendrickson, L. M., Guildford, M. J., Zhao-Shea, R., Gardner, P. D., & Tapper, A. R. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.09.019 · Cited by 56
“However, while nicotine initiates activation of DAergic neurons by binding to and activating neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) [6, 7], the mechanism by which alcohol activates DAergic neurons is unclear [4, 8, 9].”
BackgroundBesson, M., David, V., Baudonnat, M., Cazala, P., Guilloux, J., Repérant, C., Cloëz-Tayarani, I., Changeux, J., Gardier, A. M., & Granon, S. (2011) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2422-1 · Cited by 63
“…nicotine reinforcement (Besson et al. 2006; Grabus et al. 2006; Picciotto et al. 1998; Pons et al. 2008), and specific re-expression via a viral vector of the β2 subunit within the VTA restores nicotine self-administration in these mice (Besson et al. 2006; Maskos et al. 2005; Pons et al. 2008).”
InfluentialGluD1, linked to schizophrenia, controls the burst firing of dopamine neurons
Benamer, N., Marti, F., Luján, R., Hepp, R., Aubier, T. G., Дупин, А. М., Frébourg, G., Pons, S., Maskos, U., Fauré, P., et al. (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2017.137 · Cited by 56
Weiss, S., Nosten‐Bertrand, M., McIntosh, J. M., Giros, B., & Martres, M. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301385 · Cited by 58
“Autoradiographic labeling with this ligand is entirely suppressed in mice lacking the b2 subunit gene (Zoli et al, 1998) and recovered by its re-expression in the ventral tegmental area (Maskos et al, 2005).”
Campanucci, V. A., Krishnaswamy, A., & Cooper, E. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5130-07.2008 · Cited by 55
“…nAChR signaling is crucial for these behaviors has been confirmed by recent studies on animals carrying gain-of-function or loss-offunction mutations in neuronal nAChR subunit genes (CorderoErausquin et al., 2000; Picciotto et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2002; Tapper et al., 2004; Maskos et al., 2005).”
BackgroundFernandes, C. C., Berg, D. K., & Gómez‐Varela, D. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.6236-09.2010 · Cited by 52
“In the CNS multiple kinds of nAChRs exist, and they exert numerous effects depending on location and synaptic target (Picciotto et al., 1995; Newhouse et al., 1997; Bannon et al., 1998; Marubio et al., 1999; Mansvelder and McGehee, 2002; Picciotto and Zoli, 2002; Raggenbass and Bertrand, 2002; Maskos et al., 2005; Bit…”
BackgroundIs there a way to curb benzodiazepine addiction?
Lalive, A. L., Rudolph, U., Lüscher, C., & Tan, K. (2011) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13277 · Cited by 53
Varenicline blocks nicotine intake in rats with extended access to nicotine self-administration
George, O., Lloyd, A., Carroll, F. I., Damaj, M. I., & Koob, G. F. (2010) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2024-3 · Cited by 54
“Elimination of the α4 or β2 nAChR subunits blocks nicotine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and decreases nicotine self-administration (Picciotto et al. 1998; Marubio et al. 2003; Maskos et al. 2005).”
Neurophysiology of Nicotine Addiction
Dani, J. A., Jenson, D., & Broussard, J. I. (2012) · Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2155-6105.s1-001 · Cited by 56
“Consistent with the role of anxiety and stress in relapse [96], both α5-null and β4-null mice have reduced anxiety-related behaviors [101,102], but β2null mice show normal anxiety-like responses [103].”
BackgroundAssessing nicotine dependence using an oral nicotine free-choice paradigm in mice
Bağdaş, D., Diester, C. M., Riley, J., Carper, M., Alkhlaif, Y., Alomari, D., Alayoubi, H., Poklis, J. L., & Damaj, M. I. (2019) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107669 · Cited by 55
“Subunits of nAChRs that play an essential role in nicotine reward and reinforcement such as β2, α5 and α6 (Exley et al., 2011; Fowler et al., 2013, 2011; Harenza et al., 2014; Jackson et al., 2010; Maskos et al., 2005; Picciotto et al., 1998; Pons et al., 2008; Walters et al., 2006) were also assessed in the 2BC parad…”
BackgroundBurstein, A. H., Fullerton, T., Clark, D. J., & Faessel, H. M. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1177/0091270006291837 · Cited by 52
Prefrontal neuromodulation by nicotinic receptors for cognitive processes
Coura, R., & Granon, S. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2596-6 · Cited by 57
Keating, G. M., & Siddiqui, M. A. A. (2006) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200620110-00007 · Cited by 50
Engle, S. E., Shih, P.-Y., McIntosh, J. M., & Drenan, R. M. (2013) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.113.087346 · Cited by 54
Tsukahara, H., Noda, K., & Saku, K. (2010) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-09-0803 · Cited by 50
Poorthuis, R. B., & Mansvelder, H. D. (2013) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.07.003 · Cited by 54
“Nicotinic b2* receptors play a major role in motivational behavior [56] and in associative learning [57,58].”
BackgroundBarik, J., Parnaudeau, S., Lampin-Saint-Amaux, A., Guiard, B. P., Dzib, J. F. G., Bocquet, O., Bailly, A., Benecke, A., & Tronche, F. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.03.037 · Cited by 49
REVIEW: Cognitive effects of nicotine: genetic moderators
Herman, A. I., & Sofuoglu, M. (2010) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00213.x · Cited by 52
“Reexpression of the b2nAChR subunit restored nicotine-induced DA release, nicotine self-administration and normalization of excessively slow exploratory behavior observed in b2nAChR KO mice (Maskos et al. 2005).”
BackgroundMethodWang, R., Li, M., Zhao, M., Yu, D., Hu, Y., Wiers, C. E., Wang, G., Volkow, N. D., & Yuan, K. (2018) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-018-9929-6 · Cited by 54
Zhao, C., Noack, C., Brackmann, M., Gloveli, T., Maelicke, A., Heinemann, U., Anand, R., & Braunewell, K. H. (2008) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2008.11.001 · Cited by 49
“Studies with nAChR knockouts for the α4 and the β2 subunits and theα4 knock-in mouse, which is hypersensitive to nicotine, identify α4β2 nAChR subunits as responsible for the essential features of nicotine-addiction (Tapper et al., 2004; Maskos et al., 2005; Piciotti et al., 1998).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Maskos, U., Molles, B. E., Pons, S., Besson, M., Guiard, B. P., Guilloux, J.-P., Evrard, A., Cazala, P., Cormier, A., Mameli-Engvall, M., Dufour, N., Cloëz-Tayarani, I., Bemelmans, A.-P., Mallet, J., Gardier, A. M., David, V., Faure, P., Granon, S., & Changeux, J.-P.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Université Paris-Sud (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Changeux, J.-P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2005-07
- Volume
- 436
- Issue
- 7047
- Pages
- 103-107
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2141456252
- Cited by
- 566
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 18.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- nicotine, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, beta2 subunit, ventral tegmental area, dopaminergic neurons, nicotine self-administration, nicotine reinforcement, nicotine dependence, cognitive function, exploratory behavior, lentiviral vectors, cholinergic modulation, dopamine release
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cognition, Dopamine, Exploratory Behavior, Locomotion, Morphine, Neurons, Nicotine, Receptors, Nicotinic, Gene Expression, Ventral Tegmental Area, Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2, Mice
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