The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 8 of the 42 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification
Open accessAbstract
The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years. The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO2 where it is estimated to have caused a 30% increase in the concentration of H+ in ocean surface waters since the early 1900s and may lead to a drop in seawater pH of up to 0.5 units by 2100 (refs 2, 3). Our understanding of how increased ocean acidity may affect marine ecosystems is at present very limited as almost all studies have been in vitro, short-term, rapid perturbation experiments on isolated elements of the ecosystem. Here we show the effects of acidification on benthic ecosystems at shallow coastal sites where volcanic CO2 vents lower the pH of the water column. Along gradients of normal pH (8.1–8.2) to lowered pH (mean 7.8–7.9, minimum 7.4–7.5), typical rocky shore communities with abundant calcareous organisms shifted to communities lacking scleractinian corals with significant reductions in sea urchin and coralline algal abundance. To our knowledge, this is the first ecosystem-scale validation of predictions that these important groups of organisms are susceptible to elevated amounts of pCO2. Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 μatm pCO2) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of carbonate sub-saturation…
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Claims the paper makes
20 Own result · 11 No full text of the sources · 9 Own interpretation · 4 Partly supported · 4 Sources not found · 4 Not checked yet · 3 Supported · 3 Own method · 2 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [22] Bibby, R. et al. Ocean acidification disrupts induced defences in the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea . Biol. Lett. 3, 699–701 (2007) source
The Abstract says acidified seawater disrupted induced shell thickening in Littorina littorea, increasing vulnerability to predation. The Results and discussion describes reduced shell thickening under low pH as a potential survival concern; the claim’s “probably” appropriately reflects that predation risk was inferred rather than measured. (LLM, conf=0.91)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Organisms with aragonite skeletons were common outside the vents (for example, Halimeda algae and the corals Caryophyllia, Cladocora and Balanophyllia) but were absent at mean V arag # 2.5 (minimum V arag 0.8-1.2),providing in situ support for predictions of global coral reef dissolution at these concentrations 8 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007) source
In “Ocean Acidification and Reef Accretion” (page unavailable), the paper says reef carbonate accretion approaches zero or becomes negative at aragonite saturation around 3.3. Its “Trajectories in Response to Climate Change” section predicts that reef erosion will exceed calcification as saturation falls, supporting the cited prediction at ≤2.5. The vent observations are the citing paper’s own evidence, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that Corallinaceae cover was significantly reduced at lowered pH (Table 1 and Supplementary Tables 234).”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 matm p CO 2 ) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Juveniles of Osilinus turbinata and Patella caerulea gastropods were absent in areas with pH minima #7.4,where all adult gastropod shells (including Hexaplex trunculus and Cerithium vulgatum) were weakened by the acidified sea water (Figs 2 and 4, Table 1 and Supplementary Video), an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The species populating the vent sites comprise a suite of organisms that are resilient to naturally high concentrations of p CO 2 and indicate that ocean acidification may benefit highly invasive non-native algal species.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Juveniles of Osilinus turbinata and Patella caerulea gastropods were absent in areas with pH minima #7.4,where all adult gastropod shells (including Hexaplex trunculus and Cerithium vulgatum) were weakened by the acidified sea water (Figs 2 and 4, Table 1 and Supplementary Video), an effect which probably increases their risk of predation 22 .”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Rocky-shore stations with a mean pH of 7.8-7.9(mean p CO 2 804-957 matm) showed a 30% reduction in species numbers (notably calcifiers) compared with the normal pH stations (Supplementary Tables 3 and 4).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A suite of algal genera proved to be resilient to naturally high amounts of p CO 2 (for example, Caulerpa, Cladophora, Asparagopsis, Dictyota and Sargassum), some of which include invasive alien species that have begun to alter shallow marine ecosystems worldwide 17 .”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only Cnidaria in waters undersaturated with aragonite were anemones such as Anemonia viridis, which may benefit from increased p CO 2 for photosynthesis of its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
- It may state two separate claims as one. 19
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“and may lead to a drop in seawater pH of up to 0.5 units by 2100 (refs 2, 3).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (eds Solomon, S. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites [3] Caldeira, K. & Wickett, M. E. Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 110 C09S04 doi: 10.1029/2004JC002671 (2005) source
Section 3.1.1 reports that the highest-emission SRES pathway produces a global surface-ocean pH reduction approaching 0.5 units by 2100. The Discussion and Conclusions likewise gives a range of about 0.3–0.5 units by 2100 for the SRES pathways. (LLM, conf=0.94)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The oceans are a principal sink for anthropogenic CO 2 where it is estimated to have caused a 30% increase in the concentration of Hfoot_0 in ocean surface waters since the early 1900s”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Sciences Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC (eds Solomon, S. et al.) (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites [3] Caldeira, K. & Wickett, M. E. Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 110 C09S04 doi: 10.1029/2004JC002671 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (§1) says added CO₂ lowers ocean pH, and Table 1 in Discussion and Conclusions (§5) gives a mean surface-ocean pH decrease of 0.09 from preindustrial conditions to 2000. That corresponds to roughly a 23% increase in H⁺ concentration, not the claimed 30%; the table also uses a preindustrial baseline rather than the early 1900s. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“given that high-latitude pteropods and coral reefs may be unable to make their skeletons by the year 2100 (refs 7, 13).”
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [7] Orr, J. C. et al. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437, 681–686 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Biological impacts section (p. 5) reports shell dissolution in live pteropods under conditions projected for 2100 and suggests that some high-latitude pteropods may be unable to maintain their shells. For reef-building corals, the paper reports declining calcification rates (p. 1), not that coral reefs may be unable to make skeletons by 2100. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Partly supportedcites [13] Davies, A. J., Roberts, J. M. & Hall-Spencer, J. Preserving deep-sea natural heritage: emerging issues in offshore conservation and management. Biol. Conserv. 138, 299–312 (2007) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 2.1 (page unavailable) says organisms with calcium-carbonate skeletons face hindered growth in undersaturated water and projects that about 70% of known cold-water coral locations could become undersaturated by 2099. It does not say that coral reefs generally will be unable to make skeletons, and the searched passages do not address high-latitude pteropods. (LLM, conf=0.85)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Short-term laboratory experiments show that many calcareous organisms may be unable to build their skeletons as oceans acidify over the next 100 years 6,7 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] Feely, R. A. et al. Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science 305, 362–366 (2004) source
- Partly supportedcites [7] Orr, J. C. et al. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature 437, 681–686 (2005) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The opening section (p. 1) says experimental evidence suggests corals and some plankton will have difficulty maintaining calcium-carbonate skeletons as ocean chemistry changes this century. Biological impacts (p. 5) reports shell dissolution in a 48-hour pteropod experiment and reduced calcification in other organisms. These passages support a risk to skeleton formation, but they do not show that many kinds of organisms may be unable to build skeletons altogether. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“This may combine with other stresses, such as global warming, to drive tropical coral reefs towards functional collapse 8 .”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [8] Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science 318, 1737–1742 (2007) source
The paper’s opening summary says global warming and ocean acidification will compromise reef growth and drive reefs toward a tipping point for functional collapse. The ‘Thermal Stress, Synergies, and Ecological Feedback Loops’ section also says acidification and bleaching together enhance harmful feedbacks in coral ecosystems. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.93)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pH and saturation states (V) of calcite and aragonite varied with sea state, being lowest on calm days, and showed large decreases as p CO 2 amounts increased from approximately 300 to more than 2,000 matm through the venting gas fields (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table 2).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus, Arbacia lixula), which have high magnesium calcite skeletons, were the most common large invertebrates on sublittoral rock outside the vents but their abundance was significantly reduced where pH reached minima of 7.4-7.5 (Table 1 and Fig. 2).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass leaves at P 1 (pH 8.2) had 75% cover of calcified epiphytes but only 2% cover at P 4 (mean pH 7.6) with a significant reduction in epiphytic calcium carbonate per leaf (Table 1 and Figs 3 and 4).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sea-grass production was highest in an area at mean pH 7.6 (1,827 matm p CO 2 ) where coralline algal biomass was significantly reduced and gastropod shells were dissolving due to periods of”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Organisms with aragonite skeletons were common outside the vents (for example, Halimeda algae and the corals Caryophyllia, Cladocora and Balanophyllia) but were absent at mean V arag # 2.5 (minimum V arag 0.8-1.2),providing in situ support for predictions of global coral reef dissolution at these concentrations 8 .”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As coralline algal cover fell from .60% outside the vent area to zero within it, non-calcareous algal cover increased significantly from near zero to .60% (Fig. 2 and Table 1).”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“where shoot density was significantly higher (Table 1 and Fig. 3) and approximately 30% higher than that known anywhere else around Ischia 12 .”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other calcitic organisms, such as the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus, for example, may survive pH minima by closing their rostral plates as their abundance was not significantly reduced until extremely low mean pH 6.6 (Table 1 and Fig. 2).”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When heavily epiphytised leaves were transplanted from station P 1 to P 4 they showed complete dissolution of Corallinaceae in 2 weeks, whereas transplants moved within P 1 were unaffected.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Along gradients of normal pH (8.1-8.2) to lowered pH (mean 7.8-7.9,minimum 7.4-7.5),typical rocky shore communities with abundant calcareous organisms shifted to communities lacking scleractinian corals with significant reductions in sea urchin and coralline algal abundance.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p CO 2 ) will almost certainly be double that of pre-industrial levels by 2100 and will be considerably higher than at any time during the past few million years 1 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] Pearson, P. N. & Palmer, M. R. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature 406, 695–699 (2000) source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Some marine CO 2 vents are at ambient seawater temperature and lack toxic sulphur compounds; such vents can prevail for years to millenia 12 and may be used as natural experiments to advance our understanding of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Mesocosm experiments have led to predictions that Corallinaceae, which help to protect against coral reef erosion in the tropics, are vulnerable to ocean acidification due to the solubility of their high magnesium calcite skeletons 15,16 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] Kleypas, J. A. et al. Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Coral Reefs and Other Marine Calcifiers: A Guide for Future Research. Report of a workshop held 18–20 April 2005, St. Petersburg, FL, sponsored by NSF, NOAA, and the US Geological Survey. (2006)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16] Kuffner, I. B. et al. Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification. Nature Geosci 1, 114–117 (2008) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only Cnidaria in waters undersaturated with aragonite were anemones such as Anemonia viridis, which may benefit from increased p CO 2 for photosynthesis of its endosymbiotic dinoflagellates.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Some marine CO 2 vents are at ambient seawater temperature and lack toxic sulphur compounds; such vents can prevail for years to millenia 12 and may be used as natural experiments to advance our understanding of ocean acidification at the ecosystem level.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12] Ambiente. Marino Costiero e Territorio Delle Isole Flegree (eds Gambi, M. C., Lauro, M. & Jannuzzi, F.) (Accademia di Scienze Fische e Matematiche, Italy, 2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“A suite of algal genera proved to be resilient to naturally high amounts of p CO 2 (for example, Caulerpa, Cladophora, Asparagopsis, Dictyota and Sargassum), some of which include invasive alien species that have begun to alter shallow marine ecosystems worldwide 17 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [17] Boudouresque, C. F. & Verlaque, M. Biological pollution in the Meditterranean Sea: invasive versus introduced macrophytes. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44, 32–38 (2002) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Marine CO 2 vents are abundant in the Mediterranean, especially around Italy and Greece where they typically eject volcanic fluids containing up to 1-2% hydrogen sulphide 10,11 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Williams, S. N., Schaefer, S. J., Calvache v, M. L & Lopez, D. Global carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1765–1770 (1992) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Dando, P. R., Stuben, D. & Varnavas, S. P. Hydrothermalism in the Mediterranean Sea. Prog. Oceanogr. 44, 333–367 (1999) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Mesocosm experiments have shown that sea-grass production can be enhanced at high p CO 2 (ref.19).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] Palacios, S. L. & Zimmerman, R. C. Response of eelgrass Zostera marina to CO2 enrichment: possible impacts of climate change and potential for remediation of coastal habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 344, 1–13 (2007) source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Although scleractinians can survive skeletal dissolution as polyps in the laboratory 14 , reduced calcification due to low V arag may result in increased risk to predation or competition in open ecosystems.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [14] Fine, M. & Tchernov, D. Scleractinian coral species survive and recover from decalcification. Science 315, 1811 (2007) source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Natural CO 2 flux from volcanic vents and high heat flow areas amounts to less than 0.5% of anthropogenic emissions to the global carbon budget, but can alter local ocean chemistry 9,10 .”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9] Kerrick, D. M., McKibben, M. A., Seward, T. M. & Caldeira, K. Convective hydrothermal CO2 emission from high heat-flow regions. Chem. Geol. 121, 285–293 (1995) source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] Williams, S. N., Schaefer, S. J., Calvache v, M. L & Lopez, D. Global carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1765–1770 (1992) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although atmospheric diffusion of CO 2 is not predicted to result in aragonite undersaturation in shallow waters of the Mediterranean, observations of such areas are relevant to the localized effects caused by deliberate CO 2 sequestration and to the widespread effects predicted for areas that at present have low V arag , given that high-latitude pteropods and coral reefs may be unable to make”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The analysed Posidonia oceanica shoots were .10yr old at the subtidal study sites and will have integrated the effects of lowered pH over this time.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Salinity (38%) and total alkalinity (2.5 mequiv.kg 21 ) were homogeneous between survey stations and temperature-matched ambient seasonal fluctuations (13-25 uC).”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as ocean acidification will probably bring about reductions in biodiversity and radically alter ecosystems.”
§ Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification > NATURE
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This opportunity to observe the tipping points at which principal groups of marine organisms are affected by lowered pH proves that, even without global warming, the projected rise in atmospheric CO 2 concentration is hazardous, as ocean acidification will probably”
§ Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification > NATURE
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although our results may apply to CO 2 -limited seagrasses in other tropical and temperate environments”
From Experimental impacts of climate warming and ocean carbonation on eelgrass Zostera marina (2017) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al. 2008
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“At natural CO2 vent sites, growth and areal cover of seagrasses were observed to be much greater than at adjacent non-CO2 enriched sites [15, 25].”
From Light Levels Affect Carbon Utilisation in Tropical Seagrass under Ocean Acidification (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Under future scenarios of OA, marine macrophytes like seagrass could benefit, from both increased DIC concentration and a proportional rise in CO2 [15, 25].”
From Light Levels Affect Carbon Utilisation in Tropical Seagrass under Ocean Acidification (2016) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The calcareous skeleton of coralline algae renders them sensitive to acidi fi ed conditions (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Jokiel et al. 2008; Kuffner et al. 2008; Martin et al. 2008; Gao & Zheng 2010).”
From Ocean acidification outweighs nutrient effects in structuring seagrass epiphyte communities (2014) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al. 2008
In the citing paper
“In general, seagrasses seem able to thrive under high CO 2 conditions (Palacios and Zimmerman, 2007;Hall-Spencer et al., 2008), although the associated epiphytic algal cover falls as CO 2 levels increase (Martin et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“The unique occurrence of S. vulgare in the most acidified zone (Buia, unpublished data) might relate to a lack of grazing by sea urchins”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Volcanic vents show that some invasive macroalgae can tolerate persistent high CO 2 levels and also demonstrate what ecological shifts can be expected in vegetated marine ecosystems(Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“and completely absent from the Ischia CO 2 vents (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
In the citing paper
“Volcanic vents show that some invasive macroalgae can tolerate persistent high CO 2 levels and also demonstrate what ecological shifts can be expected in vegetated marine ecosystems(Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
From Effects of ocean acidification on macroalgal communities (2011) · cites this paper as Hall-Spencer et al., 2008
Citations
Cites
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Barker, T. J., Bashmakov, I., Bernstein, L., Bogner, J. R., Bosch, P. C., Dave, R., Davidson, O., Fisher, B. S., Grubb, M. J., Gupta, S. K., et al. (2007) · Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling · Cited by 9,160
Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems
Scheffer, M., Carpenter, S., Foley, J. A., Folke, C., & Walker, B. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35098000 · Cited by 7,510
Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Mumby, P. J., Hooten, A. J., Steneck, R. S., Greenfield, P., Gomez, E., Harvell, C. D., Sale, P. F., Edwards, A. J., Caldeira, K., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1152509 · Cited by 5,885
THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Shine, K. P. (1990) · Weather · doi:10.1002/j.1477-8696.1990.tb05660.x · Cited by 5,458
Orr, J. C., Fabry, V. J., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Doney, S. C., Feely, R. A., Gnanadesikan, A., Gruber, N., Ishida, A., Joos, F., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04095 · Cited by 4,590
Impact of Anthropogenic CO 2 on the CaCO 3 System in the Oceans
Feely, R. A., Sabine, C. L., Lee, K., Berelson, W., Kleypas, J., Fabry, V. J., & Millero, F. J. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1097329 · Cited by 2,262
Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years
Pearson, P. N., & Palmer, M. R. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35021000 · Cited by 1,771
Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide
Raven, J. A., Caldeira, K., Elderfield, H., Hoegh‐Guldberg, O., Liss, P., Riebesell, U., Shepherd, J. G., Turley, C., & Watson, A. J. (2005) · Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) · Cited by 1,296
Caldeira, K., & Wickett, M. E. (2005) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans · doi:10.1029/2004jc002671 · Cited by 1,040
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 1,358
Effects of ocean-acidification-induced morphological changes on larval swimming and feeding
Chan, K. Y. K., Grünbaum, D., & O’Donnell, M. J. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.054809 · Cited by 110
Hahn, S., Rodolfo‐Metalpa, R., Griesshaber, E., Schmahl, W. W., Buhl, D., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Baggini, C., Fehr, K. T., & Immenhauser, A. (2012) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-9-1897-2012 · Cited by 115
“The vents emit gas composed of 90–95 % CO 2 , 3–6 % N 2 , 0.6–0.8 % O 2 , 0.2–0.8 % CH 4 and 0.08–0.1 % Ar and lacked toxic sulphur compounds (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
InfluentialSelf-citationRodolfo‐Metalpa, R., Lombardi, C., Cocito, S., Hall-Spencer, J. M., & Gambi, M. C. (2010) · Marine Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0485.2009.00354.x · Cited by 110
Self-citationHigh prevalence of diffusive uptake of CO2 by macroalgae in a temperate subtidal ecosystem
Cornwall, C. E., Revill, A. T., & Hurd, C. L. (2015) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-015-0114-0 · Cited by 114
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ON CORAL REEFS
Brander, L., Katrin Rehdanz, A., Tol, R. S. J., & van Beukering, P. J. H. (2012) · Climate Change Economics · doi:10.1142/s2010007812500029 · Cited by 107
“…et al. 2000), it will negatively affect shellfish (Gazeau et al. 2007;Spicer et al. 2007), it will impact on fish (Ishimatsu et al. 2004), it may benefit highly invasive nonnative algal species (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008), and it will reduce coral calcification (HoeghGoldberg et al. 2007).”
BackgroundIncluding high-frequency variability in coastal ocean acidification projections
Takeshita, Y., Frieder, C. A., Martz, T. R., Ballard, J. R., Feely, R. A., Kram, S., Nam, S., Navarro, M. O., Price, N. N., & Smith, J. E. (2015) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-12-5853-2015 · Cited by 105
Ocean warming and acidification synergistically increase coral mortality
Prada, F., Caroselli, E., Mengoli, S., Brizi, L., Fantazzini, P., Capaccioni, B., Pasquini, L., Fabricius, K., Dubinsky, Z., Falini, G., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep40842 · Cited by 109
“Investigations at Panarea 30,31 and Ischia CO 2 vents 29,71 have shown that at pH TS 7.8, an ecological tipping point occurs as corals and mollusks disappear below this threshold.”
InfluentialTolerance of juvenile Mytilus galloprovincialis to experimental seawater acidification
Fernández-Reiriz, M., Range, P., Álvarez–Salgado, X. A., Espinosa, J., & Labarta, U. (2012) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps09660 · Cited by 108
“Naturally acidified habitats allow to investigate organisms and communities under high pCO2 conditions in general (e.g. Hall-Spencer et al. 2008, Fabricius et al. 2011) and mussels in particular (Thomsen et al. 2010, RodolfoMetalpa et al. 2011).”
BackgroundSea anemones may thrive in a high CO2 world
Suggett, D. J., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Rodolfo‐Metalpa, R., Boatman, T., Payton, R., Pettay, D. T., Johnson, V. R., Warner, M. E., & Lawson, T. (2012) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02767.x · Cited by 110
“…calcifying invertebrate and macroalgal abundance and increased contribution of non-calcifying macroalgae and/or seagrass to overall benthic cover (Hall-Spencer et al. , 2008; Fabricius et al. , 2011); such changes again correspond to the elevated CO 2 (lower pH) induced reduction of calcification…”
InfluentialSelf-citationDoropoulos, C., Ward, S., Marshell, A., Díaz-Pulido, G., & Mumby, P. J. (2012) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/12-0495.1 · Cited by 103
“Yet, the composition of the algal communities in these systems can be altered by reduced pH (Ledger and Hildrew 2005, Hall-Spencer et al. 2008, Witt et al. 2011), as can the algae–herbivore dynamics of specialized, but not generalist grazers (Ledger and Hildrew 2005).”
BackgroundImpacts of ocean acidification in a warming Mediterranean Sea: An overview
Lacoue‐Labarthe, T., Nunes, P. A. L. D., Ziveri, P., Cinar, M., Gazeau, F., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Hilmi, N., Moschella, P., Safa, A., Sauzade, D., et al. (2015) · Regional Studies in Marine Science · doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2015.12.005 · Cited by 121
“CO2levels [93-95] and extend their cover area to the detriment of the diversity and abundance of calcareous algae.”
BackgroundSelf-citationStatus of marine protected areas in the Mediterranean sea
Abdulla, A., Gomei, M., Maison, E., & Piante, C. (2008) · Cited by 105
Evaluating the economic damage of climate change on global coral reefs
Chen, P., Chen, C., Chu, L., & McCarl, B. A. (2014) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.10.011 · Cited by 118
Hofmann, G. E., Evans, T. G., Kelly, M. W., Padilla‐Gamiño, J. L., Blanchette, C. A., Washburn, L., Chan, F., McManus, M. A., Menge, B. A., Gaylord, B., et al. (2014) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-11-1053-2014 · Cited by 112
“Such an assessment is critically important in allowing prediction of outcomes that rely on both species- and community-level responses (Kroeker et al., 2013; Wootton et al., 2008; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
Effects of climate change factors on marine macroalgae: A review
Ji, Y., & Gao, K. (2020) · Advances in marine biology · doi:10.1016/bs.amb.2020.11.001 · Cited by 116
Peterson, T. C., & Baringer, M. (2009) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-90-8-stateoftheclimate · Cited by 104
Alexandre, A., Silva, J., Buapet, P., Björk, M., & Santos, R. (2012) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.333 · Cited by 103
“…(IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] 2007) have caused increasing interest in the research of the direct impacts of elevated CO2 on the marine environment (Gattuso et al. 1998; Feely et al. 2004; Guinotte and Fabry 2008; Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Pörtner 2008; Porzio et al. 2011).”
BackgroundAssessment of pH variability at a coastal CO2 vent for ocean acidification studies
Kerrison, P., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Suggett, D. J., Hepburn, L. J., & Steinke, M. (2011) · Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2011.05.025 · Cited by 99
“The vent gas has a composition of: 90.1% CO 2 , 6.6% N 2 , 2.5% O 2 þ Ar and 0.8% CH 4 with no detectable sulphur throughout (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationThe potential impacts of ocean acidification: scaling from physiology to fisheries*
Quesne, W. J. F. L., & Pinnegar, J. K. (2011) · Fish and Fisheries · doi:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2011.00423.x · Cited by 110
Regional adaptation defines sensitivity to future ocean acidification
Calosi, P., Melatunan, S., Turner, L. M., Artioli, Y., Davidson, R., Byrne, J. J., Viant, M. R., Widdicombe, S., & Rundle, S. D. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms13994 · Cited by 107
Gutow, L., Rahman, M. M., Bartl, K., Saborowski, R., Bartsch, I., & Wiencke, C. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2014.01.005 · Cited by 104
“Negative effects of ocean acidification arise from enhanced dissolution of carbonate shell structures in calcifying organisms as well as from impaired extra-cellular acid–base regulation in marine animals (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Pörtner et al., 2004).”
BackgroundZepp, R. G., Erickson, D. J., PAUL, N. D., & Sulzberger, B. (2011) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1039/c0pp90037k · Cited by 108
Huang, X., Liu, Z., Xie, Z., Dupont, S. T., Huang, W., Wu, F., Kong, H., Liu, L., Sui, Y., Lin, D., et al. (2018) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.029 · Cited by 102
Understanding Ocean Acidification Impacts on Organismal to Ecological Scales
Oceanography, S. I. O., Andersson, A. J., Kline, D. I., Edmunds, P. J., Archer, S. D., Bednaršek, N., Carpenter, R. C., Chadsey, M., Goldstein, P., Grottoli, A. G., et al. (2015) · Oceanography · doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.27 · Cited by 106
Acidification of Lower St. Lawrence Estuary Bottom Waters
Mucci, A. O., Starr, M., Gilbert, D., & Sundby, B. (2011) · ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN · doi:10.1080/07055900.2011.599265 · Cited by 111
“In combination with other stresses, such as global warming, the impact of acidification may already be felt by the more sensitive ecosystems (eg, bleaching of corals; Kleypas et al, 2006 ) but our understanding of the response of marine ecosystems to acidification is mostly limited to in-vitro, short-term perturbation…”
BackgroundVizzini, S., Leonardo, R. D., Costa, V., Tramati, C. D., Luzzu, F., & Mazzola, A. (2013) · Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science · doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2013.09.015 · Cited by 100
Ocean acidification and marine trace gas emissions
Hopkins, F. E., Turner, S. M., Nightingale, P. D., Steinke, M., Bakker, D. C. E., & Liss, P. S. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0907163107 · Cited by 97
“Such rapid and dramatic changes to ocean carbonate chemistry are argued to have a detrimental impact on marine biota (2, 6).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHernroth, B. E., Sköld, H. N., Wiklander, K., Jutfelt, F., & Baden, S. P. (2012) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2012.08.011 · Cited by 96
“fitness, impacting factors such as growth rate, reproduction, and mortality [7,8].”
Narayan, G. R., Reymond, C. E., Stuhr, M., Doo, S. S., Schmidt, C., Mann, T., & Westphal, H. (2021) · Sedimentology · doi:10.1111/sed.12858 · Cited by 100
The natural fix? The role of ecosystems in climate mitigation: a UNEP rapid response assessment.
Trumper, K., Bertzky, M., Dickson, B., van der Heijden, G. M. F., Jenkins, M. A., & Manning, P. (2009) · Cited by 97
Comparing the impact of high CO2on calcium carbonate structures in different marine organisms
Findlay, H. S., Wood, H. L., Kendall, M. A., Spicer, J. I., Twitchett, R. J., & Widdicombe, S. (2011) · Marine Biology Research · doi:10.1080/17451000.2010.547200 · Cited by 94
Baumann, H. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Zoology · doi:10.1139/cjz-2018-0198 · Cited by 96
“These fluctuations can be ephemeral in upwelling regions or in the vicinity 328 of volcanic CO2 seeps (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundRed coral extinction risk enhanced by ocean acidification
Cerrano, C., Cardini, U., Bianchelli, S., Corinaldesi, C., Pusceddu, A., & Danovaro, R. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep01457 · Cited by 100
Anthropogenic modification of the oceans
Tyrrell, T. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0334 · Cited by 91
Physiological and behavioural strategies of aquatic animals living in fluctuating environments
Blewett, T. A., Binning, S. A., Weinrauch, A. M., Ivy, C. M., Rossi, G. S., Borowiec, B. G., Lau, G. Y., Overduin, S. L., Aragao, I., & Norin, T. (2022) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.242503 · Cited by 94
Cascading Effects of Ocean Acidification in a Rocky Subtidal Community
Asnaghi, V., Chiantore, M., Mangialajo, L., Gazeau, F., Francour, P., Alliouane, S., & Gattuso, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061978 · Cited by 89
“Studies on their response to ocean acidification have been so far performed separately through laboratory experiments on isolated species [19,21– 22,35,42] and through in situ observations in naturally acidified areas [18,30,43], but it is crucial to assess the cascading effects of their individual responses [44].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialChanges in the metabolic potential of the sponge microbiome under ocean acidification
Botté, E. S., Nielsen, S. J., Wahab, M. A. A., Webster, J., Robbins, S. J., Thomas, T., & Webster, N. S. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12156-y · Cited by 93
Adaptive strategies and life history characteristics in a warming climate: Salmon in the Arctic?
Nielsen, J. L., Ruggerone, G. T., & Zimmerman, C. E. (2012) · Environmental Biology of Fishes · doi:10.1007/s10641-012-0082-6 · Cited by 97
“Alternative, species-specific adaptive responses to changing pH also need to be taken into account (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Hofman et al. 2008).”
BackgroundHollow rhodoliths increase Svalbard's shelf biodiversity
Teichert, S. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep06972 · Cited by 90
Kaplan, I., Levin, P., Burden, M., & Fulton, E. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences · doi:10.1139/f10-118 · Cited by 101
“Reductions in pH of this magnitude could lead to mortality of shellforming corals, benthos, and plankton groups, owing to reduced calcification rates in an acidic ocean (Fabry et al. 2008; Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundMethodCalcification of the Arctic coralline red algae Lithothamnion glaciale in response to elevated CO2
Büdenbender, J., Riebesell, U., & Form, A. U. (2011) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps09405 · Cited by 90
“CCA seem to be highly sensitive to ocean acidification because they are found to be the first calcifying organism to disappear in areas with naturally acidified seawater (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundMarine biodiversity and climate change
Worm, B., & Lotze, H. K. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821575-3.00021-9 · Cited by 127
Uthicke, S., Liddy, M., Nguyen, H. D., & Byrne, M. (2014) · Coral Reefs · doi:10.1007/s00338-014-1165-y · Cited by 92
“…organisms to ocean change conditions, it will be important to maintain the brood stock in experimental conditions from the outset of gonad development cycle or conduct studies in organisms under naturally elevated pCO2 such as those on vent systems (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Fabricius et al. 2011).”
BackgroundGarrard, S. L., Gambi, M. C., Scipione, M. B., Patti, F. P., Lorenti, M., Zupo, V., Paterson, D. M., & Buia, M. C. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.011 · Cited by 93
Self-citationWill life find a way? Evolution of marine species under global change
Calosi, P., Wit, P. D., Thor, P., & Dupont, S. (2016) · Evolutionary Applications · doi:10.1111/eva.12418 · Cited by 87
“…responses to prevalent environmental changes is an absolute priority (e.g. Pespeni et al. 2013), if we are to identify which populations, species and assemblages will survive global change, and which are more likely to go extinct (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Calosi et al. 2013; Lucey et al. 2015).”
BackgroundImpact of ocean acidification on benthic and water column ammonia oxidation
Kitidis, V., Laverock, B., McNeill, L., Beesley, A., Cummings, D. G., Tait, K., Osborn, M. A., & Widdicombe, S. (2011) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2011gl049095 · Cited by 100
Taylor, P., Stahl, H. J., Vardy, M. E., et al. (2014) · International journal of greenhouse gas control · doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.09.007 · Cited by 88
Egilsdóttir, H., Noisette, F., Noël, L. M.-L. J., Olafsson, J., & Martin, S. G. (2012) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-012-2090-7 · Cited by 87
Self-citationWahl, M., Molis, M., Hobday, A. J., Dudgeon, S., Neumann, R., Steinberg, P. D., Campbell, A. H., Marzinelli, E. M., & Connell, S. D. (2015) · Perspectives in Phycology · doi:10.1127/pip/2015/0019 · Cited by 93
“As an example, natural experiments with CO2 seeps are providing a window into the performance of algae in an “acidic” ocean (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundEffects of ocean acidification on the shells of four Mediterranean gastropod species near a CO2 seep
Duquette, A., McClintock, J. B., Amsler, C. D., Pérez‐Huerta, A., Milazzo, M., & Hall-Spencer, J. M. (2017) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.007 · Cited by 87
“However, it is noteworthy that Hall-Spencer et al. (2008) found that both the whelk and top-shell snail in the present study were reduced or absent at a separate seep site (Ischia, Italy) at pH levels similar to our Low site.”
Self-citationBiological Communities at Marine Shallow-Water Vent and Seep Sites
Dando, P. R. (2010) · Topics in geobiology · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9572-5_11 · Cited by 98
Baker, K., Wareham, V. E., Snelgrove, P., et al. (2011) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps09448 · Cited by 87
“…long lived, slow growing, and highly vulnerable to fishing gear damage (Roberts et al. 2006, 2009, Edinger et al. 2007a, Althaus et al. 2009, Roark et al. 2009, Sherwood & Edinger 2009), climate change, and ocean acidification (Turley et al. 2007, Guinotte & Fabry 2008, Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
BackgroundBenthic N2 fixation in coral reefs and the potential effects of human‐induced environmental change
Cardini, U., Bednarz, V. N., Foster, R. A., & Wild, C. (2014) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.1050 · Cited by 86
“Moreover, the decline in grazers and in calcifying epiphytes increases algae development (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008).”
Backgroundvan der Loos, L. M., Schmid, M., Leal, P. P., McGraw, C. M., Britton, D., Revill, A. T., Virtue, P., Nichols, P. D., & Hurd, C. L. (2018) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.4679 · Cited by 89
“While field surveys have proved useful in identifying the gen‐ eral carbon uptake strategies of macroalgae, detailed knowledge of photosynthetic and growth responses to CO2 enrichment is unknown for most species and mainly focused on CCM species (Britton, Cornwall, Revill, Hurd, & Johnson, 2016; Fernández, Roleda, & H…”
BackgroundLidbury, I. D. E. A., Johnson, V. R., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Munn, C. B., & Cunliffe, M. (2012) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.011 · Cited by 91
Self-citationSulfidic Anion Concentrations on Early Earth for Surficial Origins-of-Life Chemistry
Ranjan, S., Todd, Z. R., Sutherland, J. D., & Sasselov, D. D. (2018) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1770 · Cited by 95
“…waters, with I £ 0.1 M 3.1For example, the oceans on modern Earth are buffered to a pH of 8.1–8.2 due primarily to carbonate buffering (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Zeebe and Wolf-Gladrow, 2009); estimates of ancient ocean pH vary but often invoke slightly lower pH due to posited…”
BackgroundInfluentialVizzini, S., Martínez‐Crego, B., Andolina, C., Massa-Gallucci, A., Connell, S. D., & Gambi, M. C. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03802-w · Cited by 86
End of the Century pCO2 Levels Do Not Impact Calcification in Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals
Maier, C., Schubert, A., Sànchez, M. M. B., Weinbauer, M. G., Watremez, P., & Gattuso, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062655 · Cited by 88
“acidification with a decrease of the growth of their shells or skeletons [4–7].”
Seagrass ecosystem response to long-term high CO2 in a Mediterranean volcanic vent
Apostolaki, E. T., Vizzini, S., Hendriks, I. E., & Olsen, Y. S. (2014) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.05.008 · Cited by 86
“oceanica of Ischia vent were unaffected by low pH (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialCyronak, T. J., Andersson, A. J., D’Angelo, S., Bresnahan, P. J., Davidson, C., Griffin, A. J., Kindeberg, T., Pennise, J., Takeshita, Y., & White, M. E. (2018) · Estuaries and Coasts · doi:10.1007/s12237-017-0356-5 · Cited by 87
“Changes in seagrass metabolism under elevated CO2 will most likely be accompanied by increases in seagrass biomass (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Fabricius et al. 2011; Zimmerman et al. 2017; Zimmerman et al. 2015), which could lead to greater removal of CO2, but also increase shading of other…”
BackgroundUthicke, S., Soars, N. A., Foo, S. A., & Byrne, M. (2012) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-012-2023-5 · Cited by 85
Calcification, a physiological process to be considered in the context of the whole organismPreprint
Findlay, H. S., Wood, H. L., Kendall, M. A., Spicer, J. I., Twitchett, R. J., & Widdicombe, S. (2009) · doi:10.5194/bgd-6-2267-2009 · Cited by 84
Strahl, J., Stolz, I., Uthicke, S., Vogel, N., Noonan, S. H. C., & Fabricius, K. (2015) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.02.018 · Cited by 83
Ocean acidification and climate change: synergies and challenges of addressing both under the UNFCCC
Harrould‐Kolieb, E., & Herr, D. (2011) · Climate Policy · doi:10.1080/14693062.2012.620788 · Cited by 85
“Future high CO2 conditions may favour some species such as jellyfish (Winanas and Purcell, 2010), algae (Connell and Russell, 2010) and seagrasses (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundPersistent natural acidification drives major distribution shifts in marine benthic ecosystems
Linares, C., Vidal, M., Canals, M., Kersting, D. K., Amblàs, D., Aspillaga, E., Cebrián, E., Delgado‐Huertas, A., Díaz, D., Garrabou, J., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.0587 · Cited by 87
Kvitt, H., Kramarsky‐Winter, E., Maor‐Landaw, K., Zandbank, K., Kushmaro, A., Rosenfeld, H., Fine, M., & Tchernov, D. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1419621112 · Cited by 79
“In the contemporary ocean, the ongoing acidification has been causing a significant decrease in the concentration of carbonate ions, compromising the ability of multiple taxa of marine calcifiers to precipitate calcium carbonate (23).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGarrard, S. L., & Beaumont, N. (2014) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.032 · Cited by 90
Ahmed, N., Occhipinti‐Ambrogi, A., & Muir, J. (2012) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2012.10.008 · Cited by 82
“Climate change has profound effects on species, populations, and ecosystems, with severe consequences for fisheries [38,39].”
BackgroundRivest, E. B., & Hofmann, G. E. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096172 · Cited by 83
“[17,116,119–124]) and are refining our understanding of natural variability of pH and carbonate chemistry which has historically come from open-ocean measurements (e.”
BackgroundBiomineralization control related to population density under ocean acidification
Goffredo, S., Prada, F., Caroselli, E., Capaccioni, B., Zaccanti, F., Pasquini, L., Fantazzini, P., Fermani, S., Reggi, M., Levy, O., et al. (2014) · Nature Climate Change · doi:10.1038/nclimate2241 · Cited by 80
Biological monitoring for carbon capture and storage – A review and potential future developments
Noble, R. R. P., Stalker, L., Wakelin, S. A., et al. (2012) · International journal of greenhouse gas control · doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.07.022 · Cited by 80
Fraile‐Nuez, E., González‐Dávila, M., Santana‐Casiano, J. M., Arı́stegui, J., Alonso‐González, I. J., Hernández‐León, S., Blanco, M. J., Rodríguez-Santana, Á., Hernández‐Guerra, A., Caballero, M. D. G., et al. (2012) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep00486 · Cited by 82
Hammill, E., Johnson, E., Atwood, T. B., Harianto, J., Hinchliffe, C., Calosi, P., & Byrne, M. (2017) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.13849 · Cited by 79
“…such as echinoderms, molluscs, corals, and crustaceans, OA can broadly lead to reduced survival and developmental success (Gaylord et al., 2011; Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Kroeker, Micheli, Gambi, & Martz, 2011; Sheppard Brennand, Soars, Dworjanyn, Davis, & Byrne, 2010) and alter shell…”
BackgroundBach, L. T., & Taucher, J. (2019) · Ocean science · doi:10.5194/os-15-1159-2019 · Cited by 82
Biomineralization in bryozoans: present, past and future
Taylor, P. D., Lombardi, C., & Cocito, S. (2014) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12148 · Cited by 78
“Hall-Spencer et al. (2008) highlighted the peculiar gas composition (90–95% CO2; 3–6% N2; 0.6–0.8% O2; 0.2–0.8% CH4) emitted at a rate of about 1.4 × 106 l day−1 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and pH gradient (extremely low: 6.6 ± 0.5; low pH: 7.7 ± 0.3; normal pH: 8.1 ± 0.1;…”
BackgroundInfluentialCyronak, T. J., dos Santos, I. R., Erler, D. V., Maher, D. T., & Eyre, B. D. (2014) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1002/2013gb004598 · Cited by 78
Zippay, M. L., & Hofmann, G. E. (2010) · Journal of Shellfish Research · doi:10.2983/035.029.0220 · Cited by 79
“…environments, future ocean acidification has the potential to impact not only individual species, but could change the way entire marine ecosystems function (Hoegh-Guldberg 2005, Guinotte & Fabry 2008, Hall-Spencer et al. 2008, Przeslawski et al. 2008, Wootton et al. 2008, Baskett et al. 2009).”
BackgroundO’Brien, P. A., Morrow, K. M., Willis, B. L., & Bourne, D. G. (2016) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2016.00047 · Cited by 82
“Volcanic CO2 seeps provide a natural and unique experimental setting to assess the long-term effects of OA onmarine organisms in situ (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Fabricius et al., 2011, 2014; Borell et al., 2014; Morrow et al., 2014).”
BackgroundAcclimatization of the Crustose Coralline Alga Porolithon onkodes to Variable pCO2
Johnson, M. D., Moriarty, V. W., & Carpenter, R. C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087678 · Cited by 82
“Based on our findings, biogenic calcifiers may be found in greater abundances at microhabitats with lower daily pCO2 variability, a finding that corroborates field-based studies that showed the distribution and abundance of benthic calcifiers to be correlated with pCO2/pH variability [12–14,16].”
BackgroundGonzález-Delgado, S., & Hernández, J. C. (2018) · Advances in marine biology · doi:10.1016/bs.amb.2018.08.001 · Cited by 83
“The first study using an AS was carried out by Hall-Spencer et al. (2008) and was widely accepted by the climate change research community.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMigliaccio, O., Pinsino, A., Maffioli, E., Smith, A. M., Agnisola, C., Matranga, V., Nonnis, S., Tedeschi, G., Byrne, M., Gambi, M. C., et al. (2019) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.005 · Cited by 76
Correlations between gastropod shell dissolution and water chemical properties in a tropical estuary
Marshall, D. J., Santos, J. H., Leung, K., & Chak, W. H. (2008) · Marine Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.07.003 · Cited by 78
“While the above is not necessarily all embracing from an ecological perspective of shell dissolution, only a single known study concerns in situ dissolution for gastropods in coastal systems (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008).”
BackgroundTurley, C., & Gattuso, J. (2012) · Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2012.05.007 · Cited by 83
“[5 ,6 ]].”
Roleda, M. Y., Cornwall, C. E., Feng, Y., McGraw, C. M., Smith, A. M., & Hurd, C. L. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140394 · Cited by 77
Molluscs on acid: gastropod shell repair and strength in acidifying oceans
Coleman, D. W., Byrne, M., & Davis, A. R. (2014) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps10887 · Cited by 75
Acidification and warming affect both a calcifying predator and prey, but not their interaction
Landes, A., & Zimmer, M. (2012) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps09666 · Cited by 76
“Yet, although marine snails have been shown to be negatively affected by CO2-induced seawater acidification (Bibby et al. 2007, Hall-Spencer et al. 2008, Ellis et al. 2009), crabs appear to be capable of physiologically counteracting decreasing pH values in the environment (Pane & Barry 2007,…”
BackgroundEgea, L. G., Jiménez‐Ramos, R., Vergara, J. J., Hernández, I., & Brun, F. G. (2018) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.029 · Cited by 72
Volcanic CO2 seep geochemistry and use in understanding ocean acidification
Aiuppa, A., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Milazzo, M., Turco, G., Caliro, S., & Napoli, R. D. (2020) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-020-00737-9 · Cited by 80
Self-citationMcGinnis, D. F., Schmidt, M., DelSontro, T., Themann, S., Rovelli, L., Reitz, A., & Линке, П. (2011) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2010jc006557 · Cited by 74
“Such conditions could potentially bleach corals and alter local flora or fauna [Orr et al., 2005; Hall‐Spencer et al., 2008; Veron et al., 2009].”
BackgroundInfluentialGosling, S. N., Warren, R., Arnell, N. W., Good, P., Caesar, J., Bernie, D. J., Lowe, J. A., van der Linden, P., O’Hanley, J. R., & Smith, S. M. (2011) · Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment · doi:10.1177/0309133311407650 · Cited by 81
“, 2009) and while some organisms can increase the rates of many of their biological processes in response to OA, this can come at a substantial cost (muscle wastage) and is therefore unlikely to be sustainable in the long term (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Wood et al., 2008).”
BackgroundEnvironmental drivers of sediment carbon storage in temperate seagrass meadows
Lima, M. D. A. C., Ward, R. D., & Joyce, C. B. (2019) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-019-04153-5 · Cited by 78
Campbell, J. E., & Fourqurean, J. W. (2013) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/s00227-013-2199-3 · Cited by 74
“To date, most field CO2(aq) research is based upon observations near volcanic vents (Hall-Spencer et al. 2008; Martin et al. 2008; Porzio et al. 2011; Johnson et al. 2012) rather than from manipulative experimentation, thus limiting our ability to unequivocally ascertain whether responses are solely driven by changes…”
InfluentialOcean acidification in a geoengineering context
Williamson, P. C., & Turley, C. (2012) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2012.0167 · Cited by 72
Ocean acidification: a millennial challenge
Hofmann, M., & Schellnhuber, H. J. (2010) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/c000820f · Cited by 78
Climate change can cause complex responses in Baltic Sea macroalgae: A systematic review
Takolander, A., Cabeza, M., & Leskinen, E. (2017) · Journal of Sea Research · doi:10.1016/j.seares.2017.03.007 · Cited by 74
Phenotypic plasticity of coralline algae in a High CO2 world
Ragazzola, F., Foster, L. C., Form, A. U., Büscher, J., Hansteen, T. H., & Fietzke, J. (2013) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.723 · Cited by 70
Understanding coralline algal responses to ocean acidification: Meta‐analysis and synthesis
Cornwall, C. E., Harvey, B. P., Comeau, S., Cornwall, D. L., Hall-Spencer, J. M., Peña, V., Wada, S., & Porzio, L. (2021) · Global Change Biology · doi:10.1111/gcb.15899 · Cited by 78
Self-citationCarey, S., Nomikou, P., Bell, K. C., et al. (2013) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g34286.1 · Cited by 72
A Review of the Geochemistry and Microbiology of Marine Shallow-Water Hydrothermal Vents
Price, R. E., & Giovannelli, D. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.09523-3 · Cited by 85
Rindi, F., Braga, J. C., Martin, S. G., Peña, V., Gall, L. L., Caragnano, A., & Aguirre, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00723 · Cited by 78
“In situ observations near CO2 vents reported clear reductions or losses of corallines where the pH is naturally lower (Hall-Spencer et al., 2008; Martin et al., 2008; Porzio et al., 2011; Kroeker et al., 2012; Baggini et al., 2014; Donnarumma et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hall-Spencer, J. M., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., Martin, S., Ransome, E., Fine, M., Turner, S. M., Rowley, S. J., Tedesco, D., & Buia, M.-C.
- Affiliations
- University of Plymouth (GB)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Hall-Spencer, Jason M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2008-06-08
- Volume
- 454
- Issue
- 7200
- Pages
- 96-99
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2122938469
- Cited by
- 1,359
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 90 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 110
- FWCI
- 45.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PEARL (University of Plymouth) (submittedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Leverhulme Trust
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Keywords
- ocean acidification, volcanic CO2 vents, rocky shore communities, benthic ecosystems, pH gradient, scleractinian corals, sea urchins, coralline algae, seagrass, climate change impacts on marine ecosystems, sea surface temperature
- MeSH terms
- Acids, Animals, Atlantic Ocean, Calcium Carbonate, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Invertebrates, Italy, Population Density, Seawater, Ecosystem, Volcanic Eruptions, Alismatales, Eukaryota
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