SAP-controlled T–B cell interactions underlie germinal centre formation
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Generation of long-term antibody-mediated immunity depends on the germinal centre reaction, which requires cooperation between antigen-specific T and B lymphocytes. In human X-linked lymphoproliferative disease and its gene-targeted mouse model, loss-of-function mutations in signalling lymphocyte activation molecule-associated protein (SAP, encoded by SH2D1a) cause a profound defect in germinal centre formation by an as yet unknown mechanism. Here, using two-photon intravital imaging, we show that SAP deficiency selectively impairs the ability of CD4(+) T cells to stably interact with cognate B cells but not antigen-presenting dendritic cells. This selective defect results in a failure of antigen-specific B cells to receive adequate levels of contact-dependent T-cell help to expand normally, despite Sap(-/-) T cells exhibiting the known characteristics of otherwise competent helper T cells. Furthermore, the lack of stable interactions with B cells renders Sap(-/-) T cells unable to be efficiently recruited to and retained in a nascent germinal centre to sustain the germinal centre reaction. These results offer an explanation for the germinal centre defect due to SAP deficiency and provide new insights into the bi-directional communication between cognate T and B cells in vivo.
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A robust T follicular helper response sustains the germinal centre reaction.
“A robust T follicular helper response sustains the germinal centre reaction34,35.”
From SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses (2021) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Qi, H., Cannons, J. L., Klauschen, F., Schwartzberg, P. L., & Germain, R. N.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schwartzberg, Pamela L.
- Germain, Ronald N.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 455
- Issue
- 7214
- Pages
- 764-769
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC2652134
- OpenAlex
- W1990297263
- Cited by
- 637
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 17.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Z01AI000545)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- SH2D1A, X-linked lymphoproliferative disease, germinal center formation, T cell-B cell interaction, CD4+ T cell help, B cell activation, affinity maturation, intravital imaging
- MeSH terms
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Associated Protein, Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Cell Adhesion, Cell Communication, Cells, Cultured, Chimera, Dendritic Cells, Lymphocyte Activation, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Germinal Center, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Mice
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