The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Open accessAbstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a lifetime risk of about 1%, characterized by hallucinations, delusions and cognitive deficits, with heritability estimated at up to 80%. We performed a genome-wide association study of 3,322 European individuals with schizophrenia and 3,587 controls. Here we show, using two analytic approaches, the extent to which common genetic variation underlies the risk of schizophrenia. First, we implicate the major histocompatibility complex. Second, we provide molecular genetic evidence for a substantial polygenic component to the risk of schizophrenia involving thousands of common alleles of very small effect. We show that this component also contributes to the risk of bipolar disorder, but not to several non-psychiatric diseases.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Common variant SNP effects have been estimated to explain large proportions of the phenotypic heritability for a wide range of diseases: BIP and SCZ; 69,130 T1DM, T2DM, Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and coronary artery disease; 70,77 and continuous traits (height, intelligence, and body mass). 70,131,132”
From Genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders: the emerging picture and its implications (2012) · cites this paper as [70]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“recent genetic studies have indicated a complex polygenic architecture involving hundreds of genetic variants that individually confer a minimal increase on the overall risk of developing the disorder (Purcell et al., 2009)”
From DNA methylation meta-analysis reveals cellular alterations in psychosis and markers of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (2021) · cites this paper as Purcell et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60–80%, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles.”
From Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“Much of the between-individual variation in risk is genetic, involving large numbers of common alleles,5 rare copy number variants (CNVs)6, and rare coding variants (RCVs)7,8.”
From Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“we evaluated the effectiveness of the primary technical and genomic quality control parameters on the genome-wide inflation of test statistics using the lambda GC (median)5 and as necessary made the QC parameters more stringent until this value was between 1.0 and 1.4 (before inclusion of principal components as covariates) and/or between 1.0 and 1.15 after inclusion of PCA covariates.”
From Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
In the citing paper
“The development of robust polygenic scores for several common diseases has been catalysed by more precise per-variant effect estimates from larger GWAS datasets, improved algorithms for combining information across millions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and large-scale biobanks that support score validation69,146,147.”
From A brief history of human disease genetics (2020) · cites this paper as [146]
In the citing paper
“Additive effects of genetic risk markers were documented in schizophrenia (Purcell et al., 2009) and in ADHD (Jain et al., 2011).”
From From early markers to neuro-developmental mechanisms of autism (2014) · cites this paper as Purcell et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“Undoubtedly, the phenotypic expression of rare high-penetrance alleles is modulated by other genetic factors, including rare variants, as well as common (polygenic) variation (Purcell et al., 2009) or epigenetic regulation (Hirasawa and Feil, 2010).”
From CNVs: Harbingers of a Rare Variant Revolution in Psychiatric Genetics (2012) · cites this paper as Purcell et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“and only about a third of that recently explained for schizophrenia (30)”
From Individual common variants exert weak effects on the risk for autism spectrum disorders (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“SCZ is truly complex and appears to result from a myriad of genetic variants exerting small effects on disease risk4,5, conforming closely to a classical polygenic model.”
From Gene expression elucidates functional impact of polygenic risk for schizophrenia (2016) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“SCZ is truly complex and appears to result from a myriad of genetic variants exerting small effects on disease risk4,5, conforming closely to a classical polygenic model.”
From Gene expression elucidates functional impact of polygenic risk for schizophrenia (2016) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Similarly in humans, by taking all nominally significant SNPs rather than just the GWAS significant ones, it is possible to capture much more of the genetic variance than is explained by the highly significant loci73,74”
From Rare and common variants: twenty arguments (2012) · cites this paper as [73]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, the large-scale impact of large numbers of common variants may be a general feature of human complex traits 70–77”
From Genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders: the emerging picture and its implications (2012) · cites this paper as [70]
In the citing paper
“Hypothesized genetic architectures consisting entirely of rare variants are inconsistent with the data for AD, ASD, BIP, and SCZ (as well as for multiple other complex biomedical diseases). 70–77”
From Genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders: the emerging picture and its implications (2012) · cites this paper as [70]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses.
Purcell, S., Neale, B., Todd-Brown, K., Thomas, L., Ferreira, M. A. R., Bender, D., Maller, J., Sklar, P., de Bakker, P. I. W., Daly, M. J., et al. (2007) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/519795 · Cited by 34,089
Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls
The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Management Committee, Burton, P. R., Clayton, D. G., Cardon, L. R., Craddock, N., Deloukas, P., Duncanson, A., Kwiatkowski, D. P., McCarthy, M. I., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05911 · Cited by 9,442
Self-citationXV.—The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance.
Fisher, R. A. (1919) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh · doi:10.1017/s0080456800012163 · Cited by 4,387
The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, U.K.
Mossman, K. (2008) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0108-42a · Cited by 2,714
Schizophrenia as a Complex Trait: Evidence From a Meta-analysis of Twin Studies
Sullivan, P. F., Kendler, K. S., & Neale, M. C. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.12.1187 · Cited by 2,356
Lichtenstein, P., Yip, B. H., Björk, C., Pawitan, Y., Cannon, T. D., Sullivan, P. F., & Hultman, C. M. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60072-6 · Cited by 2,125
Rare Structural Variants Disrupt Multiple Genes in Neurodevelopmental Pathways in Schizophrenia
Walsh, T., McClellan, J. M., McCarthy, S. E., Addington, A. M., Pierce, S. B., Cooper, G. M., Nord, A. S., Kusenda, M., Malhotra, D., Bhandari, A., et al. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1155174 · Cited by 1,800
Personal genomes: The case of the missing heritability
Maher, B. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/456018a · Cited by 1,737
Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia
†Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP), Stefansson, H., Ophoff, R. A., Steinberg, S., Andreassen, O. A., Cichon, S., Rujescu, D., Werge, T., Pietiläinen, O. P. H., Mors, O., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08186 · Cited by 1,677
Rare chromosomal deletions and duplications increase risk of schizophrenia
The International Schizophrenia Consortium (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07239 · Cited by 1,475
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 1,081
Brikell, I., Larsson, H., Lu, Y., Pettersson, E., Chen, Q., Kuja-Halkola, R., Karlsson, R., Lahey, B. B., Lichtenstein, P., & Martin, J. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0109-2 · Cited by 126
Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease
Neuner, S. M., TCW, J., & Goate, A. M. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104976 · Cited by 126
“Approaches to better understand how many associated variants may act together to predict risk of disease were first developed by the International Schizophrenia Consortium in 2009 [117].”
BackgroundEstimating the genetic variance of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) due to all SNPs
Lubke, G., Hottenga, J., Walters, R., Laurin, C., de Geus, E. D., Willemsen, G., Smit, J., Middeldorp, C., Penninx, B., Vink, J., et al. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.011 · Cited by 145
Time to end the distinction between mental and neurological illnesses
White, P. D., Rickards, H. E., & Zeman, A. Z. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e3454 · Cited by 128
Suggestion of Roles for Both Common and Rare Risk Variants in Genome-wide Studies of Schizophrenia
Owen, M. J., Craddock, N. J., & O’Donovan, M. C. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.69 · Cited by 127
Schizophrenia: susceptibility genes, dendritic-spine pathology and gray matter loss
Bennett, M. R. (2011) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.08.003 · Cited by 129
Controlling the Rate of GWAS False Discoveries
Brzyski, D., Peterson, C. B., Sobczyk, P., Candès, E. J., Bogdan, M., & Sabatti, C. (2016) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.116.193987 · Cited by 132
iPSYCH-SSI-Broad Autism Group, St Pourcain, B., Robinson, E. B., Anttila, V, Sullivan, B. B., Maller, J., Golding, J., Skuse, D., Ring, S., Evans, D. M., et al. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.198 · Cited by 125
Mapping inflammation onto mood: inflammatory mediators of anhedonia
Swardfager, W., Rosenblat, J. D., Benlamri, M., & McIntyre, R. S. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.017 · Cited by 125
Nascimento, J. M., & Martins‐de‐Souza, D. (2015) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/npjschz.2014.3 · Cited by 125
Caspers, S., Moebus, S., Lux, S., Pundt, N., Schütz, H., Mühleisen, T. W., Gras, V., Eickhoff, S. B., Romanzetti, S., Stöcker, T., et al. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00149 · Cited by 131
From Gene to Behavior: L-Type Calcium Channel Mechanisms Underlying Neuropsychiatric Symptoms
Kabir, Z. D., Martínez-Rivera, A., & Rajadhyaksha, A. M. (2017) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-017-0532-0 · Cited by 128
The landscape of host genetic factors involved in immune response to common viral infections
Kachuri, L., Francis, S. S., Morrison, M. L., Wendt, G. A., Bossé, Y., Cavazos, T. B., Rashkin, S. R., Ziv, E., & Witte, J. S. (2020) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-020-00790-x · Cited by 127
Barnett, J. H., Huang, J., Perlis, R. H., Young, M. M., Rosenbaum, J. F., Nierenberg, A. A., Sachs, G. S., Nimgaonkar, V. L., Miklowitz, D. J., & Smoller, J. W. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710002333 · Cited by 127
Schizophrenia Gene Networks and Pathways and Their Applications for Novel Candidate Gene Selection
Sun, J., Jia, P., Fanous, A. H., van den Oord, E. J. C. G., Chen, X., Riley, B. P., AMDUR, R. L., Kendler, K. S., & Zhao, Z. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011351 · Cited by 124
Prenatal inflammation and neurodevelopment in schizophrenia: A review of human studies
Miller, B. J., Culpepper, N. H., Rapaport, M. H., & Buckley, P. F. (2012) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.03.010 · Cited by 125
A review of multivariate analyses in imaging genetics
Liu, J., & Calhoun, V. D. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroinformatics · doi:10.3389/fninf.2014.00029 · Cited by 132
Mistry, S., Harrison, J. R., Smıth, D. J., Escott‐Price, V., & Zammit, S. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.005 · Cited by 131
Branje, S., Geeraerts, S. B., de Zeeuw, E. L., Oerlemans, A. M., Koopman‐Verhoeff, M. E., Schulz, S., Nelemans, S. A., Meeus, W., Hartman, C. A., Hillegers, M. H. J., et al. (2020) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100835 · Cited by 140
Genome-wide association study of comorbid depressive syndrome and alcohol dependence
Edwards, A. C., Alıev, F., Bierut, L. J., Bucholz, K. K., Edenberg, H. J., HESSELBROCK, V. M., Kramer, J., Kuperman, S., Nürnberger, J. I., Schuckit, M. A., et al. (2011) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0b013e32834acd07 · Cited by 128
Richards, A. L., Jones, L., Moskvina, V, Kirov, G., Gejman, P. V., Levinson, D. F., Sanders, A. R., Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia Collaboration (MGS), International Schizophrenia Consortium (ISC), Purcell, S., et al. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.11 · Cited by 123
Immature Dentate Gyrus: An Endophenotype of Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Hagihara, H., Takao, K., Walton, N. M., Matsumoto, M., & Miyakawa, T. (2013) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2013/318596 · Cited by 123
Pearlman, D. M., & Najjar, S. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.05.001 · Cited by 123
Major Histocompatibility Complex I in Brain Development and Schizophrenia
McAllister, A. K. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.003 · Cited by 130
Molecular Genetics and Economics
Beauchamp, J. P., Cesarini, D. A., Johannesson, M., van der Loos, M. J. H. M., Koellinger, P., Groenen, P. J. F., Fowler, J. H., Rosenquist, J. N., Thurik, R., & Christakis, N. A. (2011) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.25.4.57 · Cited by 132
Uncovering the complex genetics of human temperament
Zwir, I. J. S., Arnedo, J., del Val, C., Pulkki-Råbäck, L., Konte, B., Yang, S. S., Romero‐Zaliz, R., Hintsanen, M., Cloninger, K. M., Garcia, D., et al. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0264-5 · Cited by 125
Mongan, D., Ramesar, M., Föcking, M., Cannon, M., & Cotter, D. (2020) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12859 · Cited by 123
Moll, M. R., Sakornsakolpat, P., Shrine, N. R. G., Hobbs, B. D., DeMeo, D. L., John, C., Guyatt, A. L., McGeachie, M. J., Gharib, S. A., Obeidat, M., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30101-6 · Cited by 130
Genome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease with psychotic symptoms
Hollingworth, P., Sweet, R. A., Sims, R., Harold, D. H., Russo, G., Abraham, R., Stretton, A., Jones, N., Gerrish, A., Chapman, J., et al. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.125 · Cited by 123
Watkeys, O. J., Kremerskothen, K., Quidé, Y., Fullerton, J. M., & Green, M. J. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.017 · Cited by 123
Heterogeneity in polygenic scores for common human traits
Ware, E. B., Schmitz, L. L., Faul, J., Gard, A., Mitchell, C., Smith, J. A., Zhao, W., Weir, D., & Kardia, S. L. (2017) · doi:10.1101/106062 · Cited by 123
Greenwood, T. A., Swerdlow, N. R., Gur, R. E., Cadenhead, K. S., Calkins, M. E., Dobie, D. J., Freedman, R., Green, M. F., Gur, R. C., Lazzeroni, L. C., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12020186 · Cited by 124
Polygenic Risk for Schizophrenia Is Associated with Cognitive Change Between Childhood and Old Age
McIntosh, A. M., Gow, A. J., Luciano, M., Davies, G., Liewald, D. C. M., Harris, S. E., Corley, J., Hall, J., Starr, J. M., Porteous, D. J., et al. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.011 · Cited by 123
Cognitive development prior to onset of psychosis
Mollon, J., & Reichenberg, A. (2017) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291717001970 · Cited by 130
Peyrot, W. J., der Auwera, S. V., Milaneschi, Y., Dolan, C. V., Madden, P. A. F., Sullivan, P. F., Strohmaier, J., Ripke, S., Rietschel, M., Nivard, M. G., et al. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.009 · Cited by 132
Chen, R., Zhu, X., Wright, L. C., Drescher, J., Gao, Y., Wu, L., Xin, Y., Qi, J., Chen, C., Xi, Y., et al. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.011 · Cited by 128
Collin, C. B., Gebhardt, T., Golebiewski, M., Karaderi, T., Hillemanns, M., Khan, F. M., Salehzadeh‐Yazdi, A., Kirschner, M. W., Krobitsch, S., & Kuepfer, L. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12020166 · Cited by 128
Kendler, K. S., Kalsi, G., Holmans, P. A., Sanders, A. R., Aggen, S. H., Dick, D. M., Aliev, F., Shi, J., Levinson, D. F., & Gejman, P. V. (2011) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01427.x · Cited by 121
Child Development and Molecular Genetics: 14 Years Later
Plomin, R. J. (2012) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01757.x · Cited by 125
Potential Impact of miR-137 and Its Targets in Schizophrenia
Wright, C., Turner, J. A., Calhoun, V. D., & Perrone‐Bizzozero, N. I. (2013) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2013.00058 · Cited by 127
Holloway, T. D., Moreno, J. L., Umali, A., Rayannavar, V., Hodes, G. E., Russo, S. J., & González‐Maeso, J. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2331-12.2013 · Cited by 124
Bigdeli, T. B., Genovese, G., Georgakopoulos, P., Meyers, J. L., Peterson, R. E., Iyegbe, C. O., Medeiros, H., Valderrama, J., Achtyes, E. D., Kotov, R., et al. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0517-y · Cited by 122
Polygenic scores: prediction versus explanation
Plomin, R. J., & von Stumm, S. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01348-y · Cited by 139
Chen, G., Lee, S., Brion, M., Montgomery, G. W., Wray, N. R., Radford‐Smith, G. L., & Visscher, P. M. (2014) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu174 · Cited by 121
Guffanti, G., Galea, S., Yan, L., Roberts, A. L., Solovieff, N., Aiello, A. E., Smoller, J. W., De Vivo, I., Ranu, H., Uddin, M., et al. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.08.014 · Cited by 120
Non-coding variability at the APOE locus contributes to the Alzheimer’s risk
Zhou, X., Chen, Y., Mok, K. Y., Kwok, T. C. Y., Mok, V. C. T., Guo, Q., Ip, F. C., Chen, Y., Mullapudi, N., Initiative, A. D. N., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10945-z · Cited by 120
Genomic Copy Number Variation in Disorders of Cognitive Development
Morrow, E. M. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.009 · Cited by 124
C-reactive protein is elevated in schizophrenia
Dickerson, F., Stallings, C. R., Origoni, A. E., Vaughan, C., Khushalani, S., Yang, S., & Yolken, R. H. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.10.041 · Cited by 121
Cognitive state and connectivity effects of the genome-wide significant psychosis variant in ZNF804A
Esslinger, C., Kirsch, P., Haddad, L., Mier, D. U., Sauer, C., Erk, S., Schnell, K., Arnold, C., Witt, S. H., Rietschel, M., et al. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.012 · Cited by 121
Nicodemus, K. K., Law, A. J., Radulescu, E., Luna, A., Kolachana, B. S., Vakkalanka, R., Rujescu, D., Giegling, I., Straub, R. E., McGee, K., et al. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.117 · Cited by 124
The Genetic Architecture of Schizophrenia: New Mutations and Emerging Paradigms
Rodriguez‐Murillo, L., Gogos, J. A., & Karayiorgou, M. (2011) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-072010-091100 · Cited by 121
The effect of increased genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease on hippocampal and amygdala volume
Lupton, M. K., Strike, L. T., Hansell, N. K., Wen, W. X., Mather, K. A., Armstrong, N. J., Thalamuthu, A., McMahon, K. L., de Zubicaray, G. I., Assareh, A. A., et al. (2016) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.12.023 · Cited by 125
Hart, A. B., & Kranzler, H. R. (2015) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12792 · Cited by 129
Stražišar, M., Cammaerts, S., van der Ven, K., Forero, D. A., Lenaerts, A.-S., Nordin, A., Almeida-Souza, L., Genovese, G., Timmerman, V., Liekens, A. M. L., et al. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.53 · Cited by 119
Insights into the genetic architecture of osteoarthritis from stage 1 of the arcOGEN study
Panoutsopoulou, K., Southam, L., Elliott, K., Wrayner, N., Zhai, G., Beazley, C., Þorleifsson, G., Arden, N. K., Carr, A. J., Chapman, K., et al. (2010) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2010.141473 · Cited by 119
Runs of Homozygosity Implicate Autozygosity as a Schizophrenia Risk Factor
Keller, M. C., Simonson, M. A., Ripke, S., Neale, B. M., Gejman, P. V., Howrigan, D. P., Lee, S., Lencz, T., Levinson, D. F., & Sullivan, P. F. (2012) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002656 · Cited by 119
Knight, H. M., Pickard, B. S., Maclean, A. W., Malloy, M. P., Soares, D. C., McRae, A. F., Condie, A., White, A., Hawkins, W., McGhee, K. A., et al. (2009) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.11.003 · Cited by 123
Schmidt‐Kastner, R., van Os, J., Esquivel, G., Steinbusch, H. W. M., & Rutten, B. P. F. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.183 · Cited by 120
Arango, C., Fraguas, D., & Parellada, M. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt198 · Cited by 119
Shi, H., Gazal, S., Kanai, M., Koch, E. M., Schoech, A. P., Siewert, K. M., Kim, S. S., Luo, Y., Amariuta, T., Huang, H., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21286-1 · Cited by 119
Risk of psychiatric illness from advanced paternal age is not predominantly from de novo mutations
Gratten, J., Wray, N. R., Peyrot, W. J., McGrath, J. J., Visscher, P. M., & Goddard, M. E. (2016) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3577 · Cited by 118
Contributions of the d-serine pathway to schizophrenia
Labrie, V., Wong, A. H. C., & Roder, J. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.030 · Cited by 121
Gagnaire, P., & Gaggiotti, O. E. (2016) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/cz/zow088 · Cited by 123
Classification and treatment of antisocial individuals: From behavior to biocognition
Brazil, I. A., van Dongen, J. D. M., Maes, J. H. R., Mars, R. B., & Baskin-sommers, A. R. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.010 · Cited by 135
Paul, K. C., Schulz, J., Bronstein, J. M., Lill, C. M., & Ritz, B. R. (2018) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.4206 · Cited by 122
A watershed model of individual differences in fluid intelligence
Kievit, R., Davis, S. W., Griffiths, J. D., Correia, M., Cam‐CAN, & Henson, R. N. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.008 · Cited by 125
Sinclair‐Waters, M., Ødegård, J., Korsvoll, S. A., Moen, T., Lien, S., Primmer, C. R., & Barson, N. J. (2020) · Genetics Selection Evolution · doi:10.1186/s12711-020-0529-8 · Cited by 124
Polygenic Scores for Height in Admixed Populations
Bitarello, B. D., & Mathieson, I. (2020) · G3 Genes Genomes Genetics · doi:10.1534/g3.120.401658 · Cited by 122
Bulik, C. M., Blake, L. E., & Austin, J. (2019) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2018.10.007 · Cited by 129
Lee, K. W., Woon, P. S., Teo, Y. Y., & Sim, K. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.09.001 · Cited by 119
Polygenic associations of neurodevelopmental genes in suicide attempt
Sokolowski, M., Wasserman, J., & Wasserman, D. (2015) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2015.187 · Cited by 119
Elevated polygenic burden for autism is associated with differential DNA methylation at birth
Hannon, E. J., Schendel, D., Ladd‐Acosta, C., Grove, J., iPSYCH-Broad ASD Group, Hansen, C. S., Andrews, S. V., HOUGAARD, D. M., Bresnahan, M. A., Mors, O. N., et al. (2018) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-018-0527-4 · Cited by 121
Green, M. J., Girshkin, L., Kremerskothen, K., Watkeys, O. J., & Quidé, Y. (2019) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-019-09422-7 · Cited by 117
Sterling, P. (2020) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/11472.001.0001 · Cited by 118
Pleiotropy, epistasis and the genetic architecture of quantitative traits
Mackay, T. F. C., & Anholt, R. R. H. (2024) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-024-00711-3 · Cited by 125
Connectomic Intermediate Phenotypes for Psychiatric Disorders
Fornito, A., & Bullmore, E. T. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00032 · Cited by 121
Rietschel, M., Mattheisen, M., Degenhardt, F., GROUP Investigators, Genetic Risk and Outcome in Psychosis (GROUP Investigators), Kahn, R. S., LINSZEN, D. H., van Os, J., Wiersma, D., Bruggeman, R., et al. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.80 · Cited by 119
Qiu, A., Shen, M., Buß, C., Chong, Y. S., Kwek, K. Y. C., Saw, S., Gluckman, P. D., Wadhwa, P. D., Entringer, S., Styner, M. A., et al. (2017) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx065 · Cited by 123
Smeland, O. B., Wang, Y., Frei, O., Li, W., Hibar, D. P., Franke, B., Bettella, F., Witoelar, A., Djurovic, S., Chen, C., et al. (2017) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx148 · Cited by 118
Functional genomics reveal gene regulatory mechanisms underlying schizophrenia risk
Huo, Y., Li, S., Liu, J., Li, X., & Luo, X. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08666-4 · Cited by 117
Unravelling the genetic basis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with GWAS: A systematic review
Prata, D. P., Costa-Neves, B., Cosme, G., & Vassos, E. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.007 · Cited by 123
Sahoo, T., Theisen, A., Rosenfeld, J. A., Lamb, A. N., Ravnan, J. B., Schultz, R. A., Torchia, B. S., Neill, N., Casci, I., Bejjani, B. A., et al. (2011) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1097/gim.0b013e3182217a06 · Cited by 115
Genome‐wide Association Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the East Asian Populations
Liu, X., Shimada, T., Otowa, T., Wu, Y., Kawamura, Y., Tochigi, M., Iwata, Y., Umekage, T., Toyota, T., Maekawa, M., et al. (2015) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1536 · Cited by 118
Pidsley, R., & Mill, J. S. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.03.029 · Cited by 118
What is complex about complex disorders?
Mitchell, K. J. (2012) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2012-13-1-237 · Cited by 126
A systematic, quantitative review of blood autoantibodies in schizophrenia
Ezeoke, A., Mellor, A. L., Buckley, P. F., & Miller, B. J. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.029 · Cited by 115
Paquette, M., Chong, M., Thériault, S., Dufour, R., Paré, G., & Baass, A. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2017.03.019 · Cited by 115
Allardyce, J., Leonenko, G., Hamshere, M. L., Pardiñas, A. F., Forty, L., Knott, S., Gordon‐Smith, K., Porteous, D. J., Haywood, C., Florio, A. D., et al. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3485 · Cited by 119
Palladino, V. S., McNeill, R. V., Reif, A., & Kittel‐Schneider, S. (2019) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0000000000000220 · Cited by 123
Genetic contributions to bipolar disorder: current status and future directions
O’Connell, K. S., & Coombes, B. J. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721001252 · Cited by 122
Specific Glial Functions Contribute to Schizophrenia Susceptibility
Goudriaan, A., de Leeuw, C., Ripke, S., Hultman, C. M., Sklar, P., Sullivan, P. F., Smit, A. B., Posthuma, D., & Verheijen, M. H. G. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt109 · Cited by 114
Xu, W., Cohen‐Woods, S., Chen, Q., Noor, A., Knight, J., Hosang, G. M., Parikh, S. V., Luca, V. D., Tozzi, F., Muglia, P., et al. (2014) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/1471-2350-15-2 · Cited by 117
Integrating Genetics and Social Science: Genetic Risk Scores
Belsky, D. W., & Israel, S. (2014) · Biodemography and Social Biology · doi:10.1080/19485565.2014.946591 · Cited by 118
Toulopoulou, T., Goldberg, T. E., Mesa, I. R., Picchioni, M., Rijsdijk, F. V., Stahl, D. R., Cherny, S. S., Sham, P. C., Faraone, S. V., Tsuang, M. T., et al. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.99 · Cited by 117
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) in Schizophrenia: A Review
Mokhtari, R., & Lachman, H. M. (2016) · Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology · doi:10.4172/2155-9899.1000479 · Cited by 117
Thootkur, M., Kraguljac, N. V., & Lahti, A. C. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.02.001 · Cited by 114
Implementation and implications for polygenic risk scores in healthcare
Slunecka, J. L., van der Zee, M. D., Beck, J. J., Johnson, B. N., Finnicum, C. T., Pool, R., Hottenga, J., de Geus, E. J. C., & Ehli, E. A. (2021) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/s40246-021-00339-y · Cited by 120
Predicting Sensation Seeking From Dopamine Genes: A Candidate-System Approach
Derringer, J., Krueger, R. F., Dick, D. M., Saccone, S., Grucza, R. A., Agrawal, A., Lin, P., Almasy, L., Edenberg, H. J., Foroud, T., et al. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610380699 · Cited by 114
Genetic risk for alzheimer disease is distinct from genetic risk for amyloid deposition
Leonenko, G., Shoai, M., Bellou, E., Sims, R., Williams, J., Hardy, J., Escott‐Price, V., & Initiative, T. A. D. N. (2019) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25530 · Cited by 114
de Bartolomeis, A., Barone, A., Vellucci, L., Mazza, B., Austin, M. C., Iasevoli, F., & Ciccarelli, M. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-02976-3 · Cited by 113
Metadata
- Authors
- The International Schizophrenia Consortium
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2009-07-01
- Volume
- 460
- Issue
- 7256
- Pages
- 748-752
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC3912837
- OpenAlex
- W2098597355
- Cited by
- 4,821
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 84 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 190 · 2023: 235 · 2022: 246 · 2021: 291 · 2020: 354 · 2019: 337 · 2018: 297 · 2017: 339 · 2016: 365 · 2015: 328 · 2014: 316 · 2013: 330 · 2012: 348
- FWCI
- 197.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Wellcome Trust (066717)
- Broad Institute
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH077139, P50MH066392, R01MH071681, R01MH062137, R01MH074027, R01MH080403)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, polygenic risk, common genetic variants, major histocompatibility complex, genetic susceptibility, immunity, heritability, psychiatric genetics
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Bipolar Disorder, Europe, Female, Gene Frequency, Humans, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Male, Models, Genetic, Schizophrenia, Genetic Variation, Genome, Human, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Multifactorial Inheritance, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome-Wide Association Study
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
