The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Expression of therapeutic proteins after delivery of chemically modified mRNA in mice
Abstract
Current viral vectors for gene therapy are associated with serious safety concerns, including leukemogenesis, and nonviral vectors are limited by low gene transfer efficiency. Here we investigate the therapeutic utility of chemically modified mRNA as an alternative to DNA-based gene therapy. A combination of nucleotide modifications abrogates mRNA interaction with Toll-like receptor (TLR)3, TLR7, TLR8 and retinoid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), resulting in low immunogenicity and higher stability in mice. A single intramuscular injection of modified murine erythropoietin mRNA raises the average hematocrit in mice from 51.5% to 64.2% after 28 days. In a mouse model of a lethal congenital lung disease caused by a lack of surfactant protein B (SP-B), twice weekly local application of an aerosol of modified SP-B mRNA to the lung restored 71% of the wild-type SP-B expression, and treated mice survived until the predetermined end of the study after 28 days.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Substitution of chemically modified nucleotides in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) enhances stability and transfection capability, and decreases immunogenicity1–3”
From Complete substitution with modified nucleotides in self-amplifying RNA suppresses the interferon response and increases potency (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Conclusive data have also been presented for mRNA as a platform for protein (replacement) therapies (Kormann et al, 2011; Kariko et al, 2012; Zangi et al, 2013; Thess et al, 2015; Balmayor et al, 2016).”
From mRNA mediates passive vaccination against infectious agents, toxins, and tumors (2017) · cites this paper as Kormann et al, 2011
In the citing paper
“Whereas unmodified Epo mRNA was immunostimulatory and failed to induce sufficient protein expression in mice, a few micrograms of nucleoside-modified mRNA were enough to achieve detectable protein expression and physiological effects upon direct administration to murine muscle.”
From Sequence-engineered mRNA without chemical nucleoside modifications enables an effective protein therapy in large animals (2015) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Our work principally confirms that conventional unmodified mRNAs are inferior to molecules harboring specific nucleoside modifications as suggested by various recent reports,23,24,25,26,27 however, the picture changes dramatically with a sophisticated sequence-engineering.”
From Sequence-engineered mRNA without chemical nucleoside modifications enables an effective protein therapy in large animals (2015) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Two independent studies on erythropoietin-encoding mRNA found a superiority of nucleoside-modified compared to unmodified mRNA.”
From Sequence-engineered mRNA without chemical nucleoside modifications enables an effective protein therapy in large animals (2015) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“While local administrations may be possible without the need for an mRNA delivery system,26,42”
From Sequence-engineered mRNA without chemical nucleoside modifications enables an effective protein therapy in large animals (2015) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“Kormann et al., demonstrated that 2 weeks following injection of nucleoside-modified mRNA containing 25% thio-uridine and 25% 5-methylcytidine resulted in Epo levels five times greater than that in untreated animals.”
From Modifications of mRNA vaccine structural elements for improving mRNA stability and translation efficiency (2022) · cites this paper as Kormann et al. 2011
In the citing paper
“Unmodified mRNA, on the other hand, showed no significant alterations and merely elicited a considerable immunological response (Kormann et al. 2011).”
From Modifications of mRNA vaccine structural elements for improving mRNA stability and translation efficiency (2022) · cites this paper as Kormann et al. 2011
In the citing paper
“In another study by Kormann and colleagues, translation was maximized and innate immune response was reduced in a mouse lung disease model by introducing chemically-modified nucleotides during in vitro transcription of mRNA (IVT-mRNA), coding for surfactant protein B (SP-B) with a 25% replacement of cytidine and uridine by modified 5-methyl cytidine (5-methyl CTP) and 2-thio uridine (2-thio UTP),”
From Human cellular CYBA UTR sequences increase mRNA translation without affecting the half-life of recombinant RNA transcripts (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, chemists have creatively modified nucleic acid bases, sugar rings, 3 ‘and 5’ ends. These modifications are resistant to nuclease degradation, reduce immunogenicity and improve the interaction with target cells.311”
From Smart nanoparticles for cancer therapy (2023) · cites this paper as [311]
In the citing paper
“Studies have shown that when poly(A) tail size increases to 120 bp, the expression level of the corresponding protein increases accordingly. However, when poly(A) tail size is greater than 120 bp, the expression level of the corresponding protein did not increase.152”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [152]
In the citing paper
“Kormann and colleagues152 replaced 25% of mRNA cytosine with m5C and 25% of uridine with s2U, which improved mRNA stability and increased protein translation in mice.”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [152]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, no significant changes were detected with unmodified mRNA, which only evoked a substantial immune activation [44].”
From Three decades of messenger RNA vaccine development (2019) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“In a therapeutic setting, Kormann et al., demonstrated that nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding erythropoietin (Epo), in which 25% thio-uridine and 25% 5-methylcytidine was incorporated, resulted in five times higher Epo levels compared to untreated mice, two weeks after i.m. administration.”
From Three decades of messenger RNA vaccine development (2019) · cites this paper as [44]
Citations
Cites
Pfaffl, M. W. (2002) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/30.9.e36 · Cited by 7,377
Karikó, K., Buckstein, M., Ni, H., & Weissman, D. (2005) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.06.008 · Cited by 2,728
Warren, L., Manos, P. D., Ahfeldt, T., Loh, Y.-H., Li, H., Lau, F., Ebina, W., Mandal, P. K., Smith, Z. D., Meissner, A., et al. (2010) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.08.012 · Cited by 2,662
Effect of gene therapy on visual function in Leber’s congenital amaurosis
Bainbridge, J. W. B., Smith, A. J., Barker, S. S., Robbie, S., Henderson, R., Balaggan, K., Viswanathan, A., Holder, G. E., Stockman, A., Tyler, N., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0802268 · Cited by 1,924
Efficacy of Gene Therapy for X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Hacein‐Bey‐Abina, S., Hauer, J., Lim, A., Pïcard, C., Wang, G. P., Berry, C. C., Martinache, C., Rieux‐Laucat, F., Latour, S., Belohradsky, B. H., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1000164 · Cited by 654
Deficiency of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein B in Congenital Alveolar Proteinosis
Nogee, L. M., deMello, D. E., Dehner, L. P., & Colten, H. R. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199302113280606 · Cited by 627
Holtkamp, S., Kreiter, S., Selmi, A., Simon, P., Koslowski, M., Huber, C., Türeci, O., & Sahin, U. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-04-015024 · Cited by 625
Hydrophobic Surfactant Proteins in Lung Function and Disease
Whitsett, J. A., & Weaver, T. E. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra022387 · Cited by 519
A randomized controlled study of iron supplementation in patients treated with erythropoietin
Macdougall, I. C., Tucker, B., Thompson, J., Tomson, C., Baker, L. R. I., & Raine, A. E. G. (1996) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1996.487 · Cited by 415
Targeted delivery of magnetic aerosol droplets to the lung
Dames, P., Gleich, B., Flemmer, A. W., Hajek, K., Seidl, N., Wiekhorst, F., Eberbeck, D., Bittmann, I., Bergemann, C., Weyh, T., et al. (2007) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.217 · Cited by 382
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 731
Vectored gene delivery for lifetime animal contraception: Overview and hurdles to implementation
Hay, B. A., Li, J., & Guo, M. (2017) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.003 · Cited by 15
Rescue of STAT3 Function in Hyper-IgE Syndrome Using Adenine Base Editing
Eberherr, A. C., Maaske, A., Wolf, C., Giesert, F., Berutti, R., Rusha, E., Pertek, A., Kastlmeier, M. T., Voss, C., Plummer, M. D., et al. (2021) · The CRISPR Journal · doi:10.1089/crispr.2020.0111 · Cited by 15
Cell Engineering with Synthetic Messenger RNA
Rabinovich, P. M., & Weissman, S. M. (2012) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-260-5_1 · Cited by 15
Efficient ex vivo delivery of chemically modified messenger RNA using lipofection and magnetofection
Badieyan, Z. S., Pasewald, T., Mykhaylyk, O. M., Rudolph, C., & Plank, C. (2016) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.113 · Cited by 14
Self-citationUnlocking the potential of RNA-based therapeutics in the lung: current status and future directions
Man, H. S. J., Moosa, V. A., Singh, A. N., Wu, L., Granton, J. T., Juvet, S., Hoang, C. D., & de Perrot, M. E. (2023) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2023.1281538 · Cited by 14
Najafi, Z., Rahmanian‐Devin, P., Rahimi, V. B., Nokhodchi, A., & Askari, V. R. (2024) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/fcp.12999 · Cited by 14
Advances in Development of mRNA-Based Therapeutics
Huang, L., Zhang, L., Li, W., Li, S., Wen, J., Li, H., & Liu, Z. (2020) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/82_2020_222 · Cited by 16
Zalai, D., Kopp, J., Kozma, B., Küchler, M., Herwig, C., & Kager, J. (2020) · Drug Discovery Today : Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.04.001 · Cited by 13
Michel, T., Kankura, A., Medina, M. L. S., Kurz, J., Behring, A., Avci‐Adali, M., Nolte, A., Schlensak, C., Wendel, H. P., & Krajewski, S. (2015) · Nucleic Acid Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/nat.2015.0537 · Cited by 14
Corritore, E., Lee, Y.-S., Pasquale, V., Liberati, D., Hsu, M., Lombard, C. A., Smissen, P. V. D., Vetere, A., Bonner‐Weir, S., Piemonti, L., et al. (2016) · Stem Cells Translational Medicine · doi:10.5966/sctm.2015-0318 · Cited by 14
Bisulfite and Nanopore Sequencing for Pseudouridine in RNA
Burrows, C. J., & Fleming, A. M. (2023) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00458 · Cited by 13
Cruz-Pavlovich, F. J. S., Bolaños-Chang, A. J., Rio-Murillo, X. I. D., Aranda-Preciado, G. A., Razura-Ruiz, E. M., Santos, A., & Navarro‐Partida, J. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13020179 · Cited by 13
Non-viral delivery of RNA for therapeutic T cell engineering
Berdecka, D., Smedt, S. C. D., Vos, W. H. D., & Braeckmans, K. (2024) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2024.115215 · Cited by 14
Wang, S., Guo, B., Wang, H., & Yang, F. (2024) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2024.105547 · Cited by 14
Wei, Z., Zhang, S., Wang, X., Xue, Y., Dang, S., & Zhai, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1524317 · Cited by 16
Translational recoding by chemical modification of non-AUG start codon ribonucleotide bases
Fujita, Y., Kameda, T., Singh, C. R., Pepper, W., Cecil, A., Hilgers, M., Thornton, M. M., Asano, I., Moravek, C., Togashi, Y., et al. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abm8501 · Cited by 13
Zhang, Y., Xi, X., Yu, H., Yang, L., Lin, J., Yang, W., Liu, J., Fan, X., & Xu, Y. (2022) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.017 · Cited by 13
Hausburg, F., Na, S., Voronina, N., Skorska, A., Müller, P., Steinhoff, G., & David, R. (2015) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000373957 · Cited by 13
In Vitro Synthesis of Modified RNA for Cardiac Gene Therapy
Sultana, N., Sharkar, M. T. K., Hadas, Y., Chepurko, E., & Zangi, L. (2020) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0668-1_21 · Cited by 14
Silk–gelatin hybrid hydrogel: a potential carrier for RNA therapeutics
Mahaling, B., Roy, C., & Ghosh, S. (2024) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d4tb00491d · Cited by 12
van der Heide, D., Runzer, C. D. T., Bella, E. D., Plank, C., van Griensven, M., Balmayor, E. R., Stoddart, M. J., & D’Este, M. (2025) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202405047 · Cited by 12
Functional Polymer Conjugates for Medicinal Nucleic Acid Delivery
Wagner, E. (2011) · Advances in polymer science · doi:10.1007/12_2011_148 · Cited by 12
Ting, J., Tamayo-Mendoza, T., Petersen, S. R., Reet, J. V., Ahmed, U. A., Snell, N. J., Fisher, J. D., Stern, M., & Oviedo, F. (2023) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d3cc04705a · Cited by 12
Messenger RNA Therapy for Female Reproductive Health
VanKeulen‐Miller, R., & Fenton, O. S. (2024) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00803 · Cited by 13
Exploring Cytotoxic mRNAs as a Novel Class of Anti-cancer Biotherapeutics
Hirschberger, K., Jarzębińska, A., Kessel, E., Kretzschmann, V. K., Aneja, M. K., Dohmen, C., Herrmann-Janson, A., Wagner, E., Plank, C., & Rudolph, C. (2017) · Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development · doi:10.1016/j.omtm.2017.12.006 · Cited by 12
Self-citationUnlocking mRNA-driven CRISPR-Cas9 gene therapy via optimizing mRNA and the delivery vectors
Wang, S., Xu, X., Viitala, T., Shu, Y., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2025.102737 · Cited by 14
Potential Application of Modified mRNA in Cardiac Regeneration
Wang, A. Y. L., Chang, Y., Chen, K., & Loh, C. Y. Y. (2024) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/09636897241248956 · Cited by 12
Towards SINEUP-based therapeutics: Design of an in vitro synthesized SINEUP RNA
Valentini, P., Pierattini, B., Zacco, E., Mangoni, D., Espinoza, S., Webster, N. A., Andrews, B., Carninci, P., Tartaglia, G. G., Pandolfini, L., et al. (2022) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2022.01.021 · Cited by 11
Liu, Y., Liu, X., Huang, J., Shi, Y., Luo, Z., Zhang, J., Guo, X., Jiang, M., Li, X., Yin, H., et al. (2022) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202202460 · Cited by 11
McCarthy, S., Rohde, C. B., Angel, M., Masterson, C. H., MacLoughlin, R. J., Fandiño, J., González, H. E., Byrnes, D., Laffey, J. G., & O’Toole, D. P. (2023) · Nucleic Acid Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/nat.2022.0049 · Cited by 11
Azimi, S. M., Sheridan, S. D., Ghannad‐Rezaie, M., Eimon, P. M., & Yanik, M. F. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.31922 · Cited by 11
Oswald, A., Chakraborty, A., Ni, Y., Wettengel, J. M., Urban, S., & Protzer, U. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99263-3 · Cited by 11
Synthetic mRNA: Production, Introduction into Cells, and Physiological Consequences
Rhoads, R. E. (2016) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3625-0_1 · Cited by 11
A roadmap to precision treatments for familial pulmonary fibrosis
Hurley, K., Ozaki, M., Philippot, Q., Galvin, L., Crosby, D., Kirwan, M., Gill, D. R., Alysandratos, K., Jenkins, G. R., Griese, M., et al. (2024) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105135 · Cited by 10
Self-citation“Evolving nanoparticle gene delivery vectors for the liver: What has been learned in 30 years”
Crowley, S. T., & Rice, K. G. (2015) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.008 · Cited by 10
Xu, Y., Huang, L., Kirschman, J. L., Vanover, D. A., Tiwari, P. M., Santangelo, P. J., Shen, X., & Russell, D. G. (2018) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1800924 · Cited by 10
Polyamine‐Mediated Stoichiometric Assembly of Ribonucleoproteins for Enhanced mRNA Delivery
Li, J., He, Y., Wang, W., Wu, C., Hong, C., & Hammond, P. T. (2017) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201707466 · Cited by 10
Optimizing the Delivery of mRNA to Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications
McCormick, K., Herrero, J. M., Haas, H., Fattah, S., Heise, A., O’Brien, F. J., & Cryan, S. (2024) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00898 · Cited by 11
Lui, K. O., Bu, L., Li, R. A., & Chan, C. W. Y. (2012) · Birth Defects Research Part C Embryo Today Reviews · doi:10.1002/bdrc.21004 · Cited by 10
Wang, J., Endsley, A. N., Green, C. E., & Matin, A. (2016) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2508-6 · Cited by 10
Biodegradable Dendronized Polymers for Efficient mRNA Delivery
Oldenhuis, N. J., Eldredge, A. C., Burts, A. O., Ryu, K. A., Chung, J., Johnson, M. E., & Guan, Z. (2016) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.201600939 · Cited by 10
Nagaraj, S., Stankiewicz-Drogoń, A., Darżynkiewicz, E., & Grzela, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.1017934 · Cited by 9
Elovic, E., Etzion, S., & Cohen, S. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50899-2 · Cited by 9
Mucosal IFNλ1 mRNA-based immunomodulation effectively reduces SARS-CoV-2 induced mortality in mice
Macht, A., Huang, Y., Reinert, L. S., Grass, V., Lohmer, K., Prada, E. T. A., Babel, E., Semmler, A., Zhang, W., Wegner, A., et al. (2024) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/s44319-024-00216-4 · Cited by 8
Self-citationLü, T., Chen, A., Li, C., Li, K., Wang, S., Zhang, Y., Yang, B., Wang, J., Gong, Q., Li, A., et al. (2025) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf963 · Cited by 8
Jarzębińska, A., Pasewald, T., Lambrecht, J., Mykhaylyk, O. M., Kümmerling, L., Beck, P., Hasenpusch, G., Rudolph, C., Plank, C., & Dohmen, C. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201603648 · Cited by 8
Self-citationVincenzo, F. D., Ennas, S., Pizzoferrato, M., Bibbò, S., Porcari, S., Ianiro, G., & Cammarota, G. (2023) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-023-03366-w · Cited by 8
Antony, J. S., Birrer, P., Bohnert, C., Zimmerli, S. E., Hillmann, P., Schaffhauser, H., Hoeflich, C., Hoeflich, A., Khairallah, R. J., Satoh, A. T., et al. (2023) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102055 · Cited by 8
Bush, A. (2023) · Paediatric Respiratory Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2023.11.001 · Cited by 8
Leontovyč, I., Habart, D., Loukotová, Š., Košinová, L., Kříž, J., Saudek, F., & Koblas, T. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182497 · Cited by 8
Immunopolymer Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivery of Macromolecules to Antigen-Expressing Cells
Jain, A., Bataille, C. J. R., Milhas, S., Miller, A., Zhang, J., & Rabbitts, T. H. (2020) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.0c00857 · Cited by 8
Updated Considerations for the Immunopharmacological Aspects of the “Talented mRNA Vaccines”
Perrotta, C., Fenizia, C., Carnovale, C., Pozzi, M., Trabattoni, D., Cervia, D., & Clementi, E. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11091481 · Cited by 9
In situproduction of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies
Suscovich, T. J., & Alter, G. (2015) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.1001375 · Cited by 9
The oral and craniofacial relevance of chemically modified RNA therapeutics.
Elangovan, S., Kormann, M. S. D., Khorsand, B., & Salem, A. K. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Self-citationGene Delivery into Cells and Tissues
Duvall, C. L., Prokop, A., Gersbach, C. A., & Davidson, J. M. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-398358-9.00035-5 · Cited by 8
Chemically Modified Messenger RNA: Modified RNA Application for Treatment of Achilles Tendon Defects
Herbst, E., Imhoff, F. B., Foehr, P., Milz, S., Plank, C., Rudolph, C., Hasenpusch, G., Geiger, J. P., Aneja, M. K., Groth, K., et al. (2018) · Tissue Engineering Part A · doi:10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0443 · Cited by 8
Self-citationRNA therapeutics – The potential treatment for myocardial infarction
Chu, H., Kohane, D. S., & Langer, R. (2016) · Regenerative Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.reth.2016.03.002 · Cited by 8
Building better mRNA for therapeutics
Liu, B., & Pan, T. (2024) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-024-02424-8 · Cited by 8
Biocompatible lipid nanovehicles for preventive and therapeutic vaccine development
Jia, Y., Zhou, Z., Jiramonai, L., Chen, J., Hua, Q., Zhu, M., Zhang, J., & Liang, X. (2025) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2025.216718 · Cited by 7
Design and Evaluation of Biodegradable Self‐Immolative Lipids for RNA Delivery
Mukthavaram, R., Sagi, A., Hong, H., Recatto, R., Chikamatsu, S., Leu, A. I., Shishina, A. K., Acharya, G., Dam, T., Soontornniyomkij, B., et al. (2025) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202501305 · Cited by 7
Chemical Modifications in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
Lennox, K. A., Young, R. C., & Behlke, M. A. (2025) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-4742-4_3 · Cited by 8
RNA-based drugs: current, imminent and possible therapeutic applications
Torrisi, S. A., Geraci, F., Diolosà, L., Luca, A. D., Falzone, L., Drago, F., Libra, M., & Leggio, G. M. (2025) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2025.108958 · Cited by 9
Miliotou, Α. N., Foltopoulou, P. F., Ingendoh‐Tsakmakidis, A., Tsiftsoglou, A. S., Vizirianakis, I. S., Pappas, I. S., & Papadopoulou, L. C. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15010286 · Cited by 7
McCaughey‐Chapman, A., Burgers, A. L., Combrinck, C., Marriott, L., Gordon, D., & Connor, B. J. (2024) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-024-04057-9 · Cited by 7
Gupta, R., & Mohanty, S. (2016) · Materials Science and Engineering C · doi:10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.012 · Cited by 7
Michel, T., Link, A., Abraham, M.-K., Schlensak, C., Peter, K., Wendel, H.-P., Wang, X., & Krajewski, S. (2019) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/58444 · Cited by 7
Zaitseva, T. S., Yang, G., Dionyssiou, D. D., Zamani, M., Sawamura, S. J., Yakubov, E., Ferguson, J., Hallett, R. L., Fleischmann, D., Paukshto, M. V., et al. (2020) · Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.2217/rme-2020-0023 · Cited by 7
The Network of Replication, Transcription, and Reverse Transcription of a Synthetic Genetic Cassette
Yang, H., Eremeeva, E., Abramov, M., & Herdewijn, P. A. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202011887 · Cited by 7
Slagter-Jäger, J. G., Raney, A., Lewis, W. E., Debenedette, M. A., Nicolette, C. A., & Tcherepanova, I. Y. (2013) · Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.18 · Cited by 7
The Influence of Extracellular RNA on Cell Behavior in Health, Disease, and Regeneration
Huleihel, L., Scarritt, M. E., & Badylak, S. F. (2017) · Current Pathobiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40139-017-0121-2 · Cited by 7
Chambers, J. S., Brend, T., & Rabbitts, T. H. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44908-7 · Cited by 7
Modified mRNA-Based Vaccines Against Coronavirus Disease 2019
Wang, A. Y. L. (2022) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/09636897221090259 · Cited by 7
CD44-targeted lipid nanoparticles for enhanced CRISPR/Cas9 delivery in cancer gene editing
Zeng, Y., Zhao, G., Wu, S., Bochuan, H., Forn‐Cuní, G., Knol, R. A., Ghalbzouri, A. E., Snaar-Jagalska, E. B., & Kros, A. (2026) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.114598 · Cited by 6
Pawar, S., Pingale, P., Garkal, A., Osmani, R. A. M., Gajbhiye, K. R., Kulkarni, M., Pardeshi, K., Mehta, T. A., & Rajput, A. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131139 · Cited by 6
Faustini, B., Lettner, T., Wagner, A., Tempfer, H., Cesur, N. P., Lehner, C., Brouwer, C., Roelofs, K., Mykhailyk, O., Plank, C., et al. (2025) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2025.02.025 · Cited by 7
Recent strategies for enhanced delivery of mRNA to the lungs
Heiser, B. J., Veyssi, A., & Ghosh, D. (2025) · Nanomedicine · doi:10.1080/17435889.2025.2485669 · Cited by 7
Harnessing cell reprogramming for cardiac biological pacing
Liu, C., Chen, Y., & Hu, Y. (2023) · Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.1186/s12929-023-00970-y · Cited by 6
Next-Generation Therapeutics: mRNA as a Novel Therapeutic Option for Single-Gene Disorders
Michel, T., Wendel, H.-P., & Krajewski, S. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/62243 · Cited by 7
Transgene Site-Specific Integration: Problems and Solutions
Bire, S., & Rouleux‐Bonnin, F. (2012) · Topics in current genetics · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4531-5_1 · Cited by 6
mRNA-Based Nanomedicine: A New Strategy for Treating Infectious Diseases and Beyond
Prakash, S. (2023) · European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.1007/s13318-023-00849-1 · Cited by 6
Controlling Protein Expression by Delivery of RNA Therapeutics Using Lipid Nanoparticles
Lin, P. J. C., & Tam, Y. K. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814470-1.00009-5 · Cited by 6
Xiao, Y., Xu, H., Guo, W. Q., Zhao, Y., Luo, Y., Wang, M., He, Z., Ding, Z., Liu, J., Deng, L., et al. (2020) · Molecular Biomedicine · doi:10.1186/s43556-020-00017-w · Cited by 6
Gene delivery into cells and tissues
Nelson, C. E., Duvall, C. L., Prokop, A., Gersbach, C. A., & Davidson, J. M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818422-6.00030-7 · Cited by 6
Hori, M., Qiao, N., Yamada, K., Yum, J., Ogura, S., Uchida, S., Kim, H. J., Naito, M., & Miyata, K. (2026) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.6c00050 · Cited by 5
Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9-assisted gene therapy
Srivastava, A., Chauhan, S., & Ahuja, V. (2023) · Karbala International Journal of Modern Science · doi:10.33640/2405-609x.3330 · Cited by 6
A non-lipid nucleic acid delivery vector with dendritic cell tropism and stimulation
Kim, H. S., Halabi, E. A., Enbergs, N., Köhler, R. H., Fei, F., Garris, C., & Weissleder, R. (2024) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.95267 · Cited by 5
Oligonucleotide therapeutics in sports? An antidoping perspective
Parr, M. K., & Keiler, A. M. (2024) · Archiv der Pharmazie · doi:10.1002/ardp.202400404 · Cited by 5
The Chemistry of Oligonucleotide Delivery
Rozema, D. B. (2017) · Annual reports in medicinal chemistry · doi:10.1016/bs.armc.2017.07.003 · Cited by 5
Aşı Teknolojisinde Yeni Umutlar: mRNA Aşıları
Yılmaz, E. (2021) · Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni · doi:10.5578/mb.20219912 · Cited by 7
Advances in Genetic Reprogramming: Prospects from Developmental Biology to Regenerative Medicine
Dhanjal, D. S., Singh, R., Sharma, V., Nepovimová, E., Adam, V., Kuča, K., & Chopra, C. (2023) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867330666230503144619 · Cited by 5
Application of Nanomedicine in Tumor Targeting Inflammatory Pathway
Tan, F., Du, Z., Zhong, J., Wu, Y., Mou, J., Zhao, F., Liu, Y., Chen, J., Liang, Z., Zhou, Y., et al. (2024) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0109298673277325231229093344 · Cited by 5
RNA technology and nanocarriers empowering in vivo chimeric antigen receptor therapy
Cai, J., Chen, S., Liu, Z., Li, H., Wang, P., Yang, F., Li, Y., Chen, K., Sun, M., & Qiu, M. (2024) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.13861 · Cited by 5
Green, D. W., Kim, E., & Jung, H.-S. (2015) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A · doi:10.1002/jbm.a.35414 · Cited by 5
Optimization of CFTR-mRNA transfection in human nasal epithelial cells
Fernández, E. F., Bangel‐Ruland, N., Tomczak, K., & Weber, W.-M. (2016) · Translational Medicine Communications · doi:10.1186/s41231-016-0006-0 · Cited by 5
The Advances of Biomacromolecule-based Nanomedicine in Brain Disease
Weng, Y., & Huang, Y. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8731-9_7 · Cited by 5
A extrafiscalidade e os controles de proporcionalidade e de igualdade
Papadopol, M. D. (2009) · Americanae (AECID Library) · Cited by 5
mRNA therapy: A new frontier in regenerative medicine
Xue, D., Zhang, Y., Shen, A., Tang, T., Liu, B., & Lv, L. (2025) · Interdisciplinary medicine · doi:10.1002/inmd.20240054 · Cited by 5
Li, M., Zubair, A., Wdidi, S., & He, S. (2026) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.70986 · Cited by 4
Feng, Z., Chu, L., Li, Q., Zhou, J., Wu, P., Zhang, X., Pan, Y., Zou, J., Chen, Q., Xu, Z., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68364-w · Cited by 4
Yu, X., Deng, X.-M., Lin, Y., Ren, H., Jia, L., Meng, Y., Liu, F., Cheng, Q., Teng, Z., & Wei, T. (2026) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.6c04580 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Kormann, M. S. D., Hasenpusch, G., Aneja, M. K., Nica, G., Flemmer, A. W., Herber-Jonat, S., Huppmann, M., Mays, L. E., Illenyi, M., Schams, A., Griese, M., Bittmann, I., Handgretinger, R., Hartl, D., Rosenecker, J., & Rudolph, C.
- Affiliations
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen (DE)
- Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum Rotenburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kormann, Michael S D
- Rudolph, Carsten
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2011-01-09
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 154-157
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- OpenAlex
- W2071302752
- Cited by
- 733
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 10.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Keywords
- chemically modified mRNA, mRNA therapeutics, erythropoietin, surfactant protein B, immunogenicity, Toll-like receptors, RIG-I, intramuscular injection, hematocrit, non-viral gene therapy, lung disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Erythropoietin, Histocytochemistry, Lung, Mice, Transgenic, Proteolipids, RNA, Messenger, Gene Transfer Techniques, RNA Stability, Mice, Kaplan-Meier Estimate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
