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Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and biological control
Abstract
The area devoted to growing transgenic plants expressing insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is increasing worldwide. A major concern with the adoption of Bt crops is their potential impact on nontarget organisms including biological control organisms. Regulatory frameworks should advocate a step-wise (tiered) approach to assess possible nontarget effects of Bt crops. Laboratory and glasshouse studies have revealed effects on natural enemies only when Bt-susceptible, sublethally damaged herbivores were used as prey or host, with no indication of direct toxic effects. Field studies have confirmed that the abundance and activity of parasitoids and predators are similar in Bt and non-Bt crops. In contrast, applications of conventional insecticides have usually resulted in negative impacts on biological control organisms. Because Bt-transgenic varieties can lead to substantial reductions in insecticide use in some crops, they can contribute to integrated pest management systems with a strong biological control component.
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In the citing paper
“Reduced numbers of target pests, reduced nutritional quality of the remaining ones, and lack of host-derived or induced attractant cues may particularly affect parasitoids specialized to target pests, such as M. cingulum or Tachinidae [34, 47].”
From Does the growing of Bt maize change abundance or ecological function of non-target animals compared to the growing of non-GM maize? A systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“numerous non-target laboratory studies with a wide range of taxa using purified Bt proteins, plant material, or prey that had consumed Bt proteins have demonstrated the specificity of Cry1- and Cry2-class proteins to Lepidoptera and Cry3-class proteins to Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) [47, 61–63].”
From Does the growing of Bt maize change abundance or ecological function of non-target animals compared to the growing of non-GM maize? A systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“This can lead to adverse effects on the natural enemy that are related to the reduced quality of the prey/host rather than to the insecticidal protein itself (Fig. 3) (Naranjo, 2009;Romeis et al., 2006).”
From Genetically engineered crops help support conservation biological control (2019) · cites this paper as Romeis et al., 2006
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“The exposure to potential hazards then needs to be assessed in realistic situations, namely under natural field conditions, before conclusions can be drawn on the risk presented by these crops (Romeis et al. 2006a, 2008).”
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Recent Advances in Entomological Research
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Self-citationShelton, A. M., Naranjo, S. E., Romeis, J., Hellmich, R. L., Wolt, J. D., Federici, B. A., Albajes, R., Bigler, F., Burgess, E. P. J., Dively, G. P., et al. (2009) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1007/s11248-009-9260-5 · Cited by 73
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Romeis, J., Meissle, M., & Bigler, F.
- Affiliations
- Agroscope (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Romeis, Jörg
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2006-01-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 63-71
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- OpenAlex
- W2043034823
- Cited by
- 719
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Keywords
- genetically modified crops, Bacillus thuringiensis, Cry proteins, insecticidal proteins, biological control, non-target effects, parasitoids, predators, natural enemies, insecticide reduction, integrated pest management, regulatory evaluation
- MeSH terms
- Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacterial Proteins, Consumer Product Safety, Insecticide Resistance, Pest Control, Biological, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment, Plants, Genetically Modified
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