Macrophages support pathological erythropoiesis in polycythemia vera and β-thalassemia
Open accessAbstract
Regulation of erythropoiesis is achieved by the integration of distinct signals. Among them, macrophages are emerging as erythropoietin-complementary regulators of erythroid development, particularly under stress conditions. We investigated the contribution of macrophages to physiological and pathological conditions of enhanced erythropoiesis. We used mouse models of induced anemia, polycythemia vera and β-thalassemia in which macrophages were chemically depleted. Our data indicate that macrophages contribute decisively to recovery from induced anemia, as well as the pathological progression of polycythemia vera and β-thalassemia, by modulating erythroid proliferation and differentiation. We validated these observations in primary human cultures, showing a direct impact of macrophages on the proliferation and enucleation of erythroblasts from healthy individuals and patients with polycythemia vera or β-thalassemia. The contribution of macrophages to stress and pathological erythropoiesis, which we have termed stress erythropoiesis macrophage-supporting activity, may have therapeutic implications.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Erythroid island macrophages are a population of bone marrow-resident macrophages that support erythropoiesis as nurse cells.
“Erythroid island macrophages (EIM) are a population of BM-resident macrophages that support erythropoiesis as “nurse cells” [17, 192].”
From “Pumping iron”—how macrophages handle iron at the systemic, microenvironmental, and cellular levels (2017) · cites this paper as [192]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Acquired mutation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in human myeloproliferative disorders
Baxter, E. J., Scott, L. M., Campbell, P. J., East, C., Fourouclas, N., Swanton, S., Vassiliou, G. S., Bench, A. J., Boyd, E. M., Curtin, N., et al. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71142-9 · Cited by 3,548 · see citing works
A unique clonal JAK2 mutation leading to constitutive signalling causes polycythaemia vera
James, C., Ugo, V., Couedic, J. P. L., Staerk, J., Delhommeau, F., Lacout, C., Garçon, L., Raslová, H., Berger, R., Griscelli, A. B., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03546 · Cited by 3,542 · see citing works
A Gain-of-Function Mutation of <i>JAK2</i> in Myeloproliferative Disorders
Kralovics, R., Passamonti, F., Buser, A. S., Teo, S.-S., Tiedt, R., Passweg, J. R., Tichelli, A., Cazzola, M., & Skoda, R. C. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051113 · Cited by 3,470 · see citing works
Levine, R. L., Wadleigh, M., Cools, J., Ebert, B. L., Wernig, G., Huntly, B. J. P., Boggon, T. J., Wlodarska, I., Clark, J. J., Moore, S., et al. (2005) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2005.03.023 · Cited by 2,993 · see citing works
Self-citationTwo to tango: Regulation of Mammalian iron metabolism
Hentze, M. W., Muckenthaler, M. U., Galy, B., & Camaschella, C. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.06.028 · Cited by 2,120 · see citing works
van Rooijen, N., & Sanders, A. (1994) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/0022-1759(94)90012-4 · Cited by 1,763 · see citing works
Trophic macrophages in development and disease
Pollard, J. W. (2009) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2528 · Cited by 1,178 · see citing works
Chow, A. T., Lucas, D., Hidalgo, A., Méndez‐Ferrer, S., Hashimoto, D., Scheiermann, C., Battista, M., Leboeuf, M., Prophete, C., van Rooijen, N., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20101688 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Transgenic mice with hematopoietic and lymphoid specific expression of Cre
de Boer, J., Williams, A., Skavdis, G., Harker, N., Coles, M., Tolaini, M., Norton, T., Williams, K., Roderick, K., Potocnik, A. J., et al. (2003) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/immu.200310005 · Cited by 739 · see citing works
The myeloproliferative disorders.
Campbell, P., & Green, A. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra063728 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Erythroblastic islands: niches for erythropoiesis
Chasis, J. A., & Mohandas, N. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-03-077883 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Ratio of mutant JAK2-V617F to wild-type Jak2 determines the MPD phenotypes in transgenic mice
Tiedt, R., Hao-Shen, H., Sobas, M., Looser, R., Dirnhofer, S., Schwaller, J., & Skoda, R. C. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-08-107748 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
CD169 + macrophages provide a niche promoting erythropoiesis under homeostasis and stress
Chow, A., Huggins, M., Ahmed, J., Hashimoto, D., Lucas, D., Kunisaki, Y., Pinho, S., Leboeuf, M., Noizat, C., van Rooijen, N., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3057 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Mullally, A., Lane, S. W., Ball, B., Megerdichian, C., Okabe, R., Al-Shahrour, F., Paktinat, M., Haydu, J. E., Housman, E., Lord, A. M., et al. (2010) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2010.05.015 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Self-citationTurning cells red: signal transduction mediated by erythropoietin
Richmond, T. D., Chohan, M., & Barber, D. L. (2005) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2005.01.007 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Phosphatidylserine-dependent engulfment by macrophages of nuclei from erythroid precursor cells
Yoshida, H., Kawane, K., Koike, M., Mori, Y., Uchiyama, Y., & Nagata, S. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03964 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Gardenghi, S., Marongiu, M. F., Ramos, P., Guy, E. C., Breda, L., Chadburn, A., Liu, Y.-F., Amariglio, N., Rechavi, G., Rachmilewitz, E. A., et al. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-09-048868 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Self-citationInteraction of the erythropoietin and stem-cell-factor receptors
Wu, H., Klingmüller, U., Besmer, P., & Lodish, H. F. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377242a0 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Levine, R. L., & Gilliland, D. G. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-03-077966 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Self-citationPardanani, A. D., Hood, J. D., Lasho, T. L., Levine, R. L., Martin, M., Noronha, G., Finke, C. M., Mak, C. C., Mesa, R. A., Zhu, H., et al. (2007) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2404750 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeted disruption of the hepcidin 1 gene results in severe hemochromatosis
Lesbordes-Brion, J.-C., Viatte, L., Bennoun, M., Lou, D.-Q., Ramey, G., Houbron, C., Hamard, G., Kahn, A., & Vaulont, S. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-02-003376 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Evidence for distinct pathways of hepcidin regulation by acute and chronic iron loading in mice
Ramos, E., Kautz, L., Rodriguez, R., Hansen, M., Gabayan, V. R., Ginzburg, Y. Z., Roth, M., Nemeth, E., & Ganz, T. (2011) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.24178 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Stress erythropoiesis: new signals and new stress progenitor cells
Paulson, R. F., Shi, L., & Wu, D.-C. (2011) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0b013e32834521c8 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Hepcidin as a therapeutic tool to limit iron overload and improve anemia in β-thalassemic mice
Gardenghi, S., Ramos, P., Marongiu, M. F., Melchiori, L., Breda, L., Guy, E., Muirhead, K., Rao, N., Roy, C. N., Andrews, N. C., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci41717 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationMinihepcidins prevent iron overload in a hepcidin-deficient mouse model of severe hemochromatosis
Ramos, E., Ruchala, P., Goodnough, J. B., Kautz, L., Preza, G. C., Nemeth, E., & Ganz, T. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2012-07-440743 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Ginzburg, Y., & Rivella, S. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-03-283614 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationErythropoiesis: Model systems, molecular regulators, and developmental programs
Tsiftsoglou, A. S., Vizirianakis, I. S., & Strouboulis, J. (2009) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.226 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
BMP4 and Madh5 regulate the erythroid response to acute anemia
Lenox, L. E., Perry, J. M., & Paulson, R. F. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-02-0703 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Transferrin therapy ameliorates disease in β-thalassemic mice
Li, H., Rybicki, A. C., Suzuka, S. M., von Bonsdorff, L., Breuer, W., Hall, C. B., Cabantchik, Z. I., Bouhassira, E. E., Fabry, M. E., & Ginzburg, Y. Z. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2073 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Ineffective erythropoiesis and thalassemias
Rivella, S. (2009) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0b013e32832990a4 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationSadahira, Y., Yoshino, T., & Monobe, Y. (1995) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.181.1.411 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Safar, V., Gastinne, T., Milpied, N. J., Maisonneuve, H., Morineau, N., Dubruille, V., Mahé, B., Moreau, P., Jardel, H., Planche, L., et al. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v112.11.2190.2190 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Hanspal, M., & Hanspal, J. (1994) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v84.10.3494.3494 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Decreased differentiation of erythroid cells exacerbates ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia
Libani, I. V., Guy, E. C., Melchiori, L., Schirò, R., Ramos, P., Breda, L., Scholzen, T. E., Chadburn, A., Liu, Y., Kernbach, M., et al. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-12-126938 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citation[Erythroblastic island, functional unity of bone marrow].
BESSIS, M. C. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Absence of Erythroblast Macrophage Protein (Emp) Leads to Failure of Erythroblast Nuclear Extrusion
Soni, S., Bala, S., Gwynn, B., Sahr, K. E., Peters, L. L., & Hanspal, M. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m603226200 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Loss of α-hemoglobin–stabilizing protein impairs erythropoiesis and exacerbates β-thalassemia
Kong, Y., Zhou, S., Kihm, A. J., Katein, A. M., Yu, X., Gell, D. A., Mackay, J. P., Adachi, K., Foster-Brown, L., Louden, C. S., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci21982 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
VEGF-A165 augments erythropoietic development from human embryonic stem cells
Cerdan, C., Rouleau, A., & Bhatia, M. (2003) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2003-07-2563 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Rhodes, M., Kopsombut, P., Bondurant, M. C., Price, J. O., & Koury, M. J. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-06-098178 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Molecular insights into stress erythropoiesis
Socolovsky, M. (2007) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0b013e3280de2bf1 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
The macrophage CD163 surface glycoprotein is an erythroblast adhesion receptor
Fabriek, B. O., Polfliet, M. M. J., Vloet, R. P. M., van der Schors, R. C., Ligtenberg, A. J. M., Weaver, L. K., Geest, C., Matsuno, K., Moestrup, S. K., Dijkstra, C. D., et al. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-08-036467 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Ciavatta, D. J., Ryan, T. M., Farmer, S. C., & Townes, T. M. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.20.9259 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Therapeutic potential of JAK2 inhibitors
Verstovšek, S. (2009) · Hematology · doi:10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.636 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Miyagawa, S., Kobayashi, M., Konishi, N., Sato, T., & Ueda, K. (2000) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02047.x · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Menon, M. P. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci25227 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Role of Gas6 in erythropoiesis and anemia in mice
Angelillo‐Scherrer, A., Burnier, L., Lambrechts, D., Fish, R. J., Tjwa, M., Plaisance, S., Sugamele, R., DeMol, M., Martínez-Soria, E., Maxwell, P. H., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci30375 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Millot, S., Andrieu, V., Lettéron, P., Lyoumi, S., Hurtado-Nédelec, M., Karim, Z., Thibaudeau, O., Bennada, S., Charrier, J.-L., Lasocki, S., et al. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-04-281840 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
JAK2 Inhibitors: What’s the true therapeutic potential?
Santos, F., & Verstovsek, S. (2010) · Blood reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2010.10.004 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
EPO receptor circuits for primary erythroblast survival
Sathyanarayana, P., Dev, A., Fang, J., Houde, E., Bogacheva, O., Bogachev, O., Menon, M. P., Browne, S., Pradeep, A., Emerson, C., et al. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-10-119743 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
-Thalassemia: HiJAKing Ineffective Erythropoiesis and Iron Overload
Melchiori, L., Gardenghi, S., & Rivella, S. (2010) · Advances in Hematology · doi:10.1155/2010/938640 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationPorayette, P., & Paulson, R. F. (2008) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.01.047 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Ramos, P., Guy, E. C., Chen, N., Proenca, C. C., Gardenghi, S., Casu, C., Follenzi, A., van Rooijen, N., Grady, R. W., de Sousa, M. A. B., et al. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-09-307462 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, X., Li, X., Wang, Y., Shu, R., Wang, L., Lu, S., Kong, H., Jin, Y., Zhang, L., Fei, J., et al. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-01-068528 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Combinatorial and distinct roles of α5 and α4 integrins in stress erythropoiesis in mice
Ulyanova, T., Jiang, Y., Padilla, S., Nakamoto, B., & Papayannopoulou, T. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-05-283218 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Erythropoietin-dependent erythropoiesis: New insights and questions
Wojchowski, D. M., Menon, M. P., Sathyanarayana, P., Fang, J., Karur, V. G., Houde, E., Kapelle, W. S., & Bogachev, O. (2006) · Blood Cells Molecules and Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2006.01.007 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The role of membrane skeletal-associated alpha-globin in the pathophysiology of beta-thalassemia
Sørensen, S. F., Rubin, E. M., Polster, H., Mohandas, N., & Schrier, S. L. (1990) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v75.6.1333.1333 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Shaked, Y., Cervi, D., Neuman, M. G., Chen, L., Klement, G. L., Michaud, C. R., Haeri, M., Pak, B. J., Kerbel, R. S., & Ben‐David, Y. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-08-3210 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Sadahira, Y., Yasuda, T., Yoshino, T., Manabe, T., Takeishi, T., Kobayashi, Y., Ebe, Y., & Naito, M. (2000) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.68.4.464 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Essential role for focal adhesion kinase in regulating stress hematopoiesis
Vemula, S., Ramdas, B., Hanneman, P., Martin, J., Beggs, H. E., & Kapur, R. (2010) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-01-262790 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Cervi, D. N., Shaked, Y., Haeri, M., Usenko, T. S., Lee, C. R., Haigh, J. J., Nagy, A., Kerbel, R. S., Yefenof, E., & Ben‐David, Y. (2006) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-11-026823 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Seki, M., & Shirasawa, H. (1965) · Acta Pathologica Japonica · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1965.tb01930.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
ROLE OF THE RETICULAR CELLS DURING MATURATION PROCESS OF THE ERYTHROBLAST
Seki, M., Yoneyama, T., & Shirasawa, H. (1965) · Acta Pathologica Japonica · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1827.1965.tb02894.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A unique role for Stat5 in recovery from acute anemia
Longmore, G. D. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci27988 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Giuliani, A. L., Wiener, E., Lee, M. J., Brown, I. N., Berti, G., & Wickramasinghe, S. N. (2001) · European Journal Of Haematology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0609.2001.066004221.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Giuliani, A. L., Graldi, G., Veronesi, M., Unis, L., Previato, A., Lorenzini, F., Gandini, G., Bergamini, C. M., Vanara, F., Wiener, E., et al. (2005) · European Journal Of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00521.x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 66 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A Red carpet for iron metabolism
Muckenthaler, M. U., Rivella, S., Hentze, M. W., & Galy, B. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.034 · Cited by 1,319 · see citing works
Self-citationHematopoietic stem cell niche maintenance during homeostasis and regeneration
Mendelson, A., & Frenette, P. S. (2014) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3647 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
Much More than M1 and M2 Macrophages, There are also CD169+ and TCR+ Macrophages
Chávez‐Galán, L., Olleros, M. L., Vesin, D., & Garcia, I. (2015) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00263 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
Mancias, J. D., Pontano Vaites, L., Nissim, S., Biancur, D. E., Kim, A. J., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Goessling, W., Kimmelman, A. C., & Harper, J. W. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.10308 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
Primitive and definitive erythropoiesis in mammals
Palis, J. (2014) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00003 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Making sense of hematopoietic stem cell niches.
Boulais, P., & Frenette, P. (2015) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2014-09-570192 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
CD169 + macrophages provide a niche promoting erythropoiesis under homeostasis and stress
Chow, A., Huggins, M., Ahmed, J., Hashimoto, D., Lucas, D., Kunisaki, Y., Pinho, S., Leboeuf, M., Noizat, C., van Rooijen, N., et al. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3057 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Targeting iron metabolism in drug discovery and delivery
Crielaard, B. J., Lammers, T., & Rivella, S. (2017) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2016.248 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Self-citationOf macrophages and red blood cells; a complex love story
de Back, D. Z., Kostova, E., van Kraaij, M., van den Berg, T. K., & van Bruggen, R. (2014) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00009 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Immune Modulation of Stem Cells and Regeneration
Aurora, A., & Olson, E. (2014) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2014.06.009 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Macrophages: Supportive cells for tissue repair and regeneration
Chazaud, B. (2013) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2013.09.001 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Niche heterogeneity in the bone marrow
Birbrair, A., & Frenette, P. S. (2016) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13016 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Live imaging of wound angiogenesis reveals macrophage orchestrated vessel sprouting and regression
Gurevich, D., Severn, C. E., Twomey, C., Greenhough, A., Cash, J. L., Toye, A., Mellor, H., & Martin, P. (2018) · EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.201797786 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Wang, W., Liu, W., Fidler, T., Wang, Y., Tang, Y., Woods, B., Welch, C., Cai, B., Silvestre-Roig, C., Ai, D., et al. (2018) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.313283 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom the Cradle to the Grave: The Role of Macrophages in Erythropoiesis and Erythrophagocytosis
Klei, T. R. L., Meinderts, S. M., van den Berg, T. K., & van Bruggen, R. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00073 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Iron Regulation: Macrophages in Control
Sukhbaatar, N., & Weichhart, T. (2018) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph11040137 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Macrophages and iron trafficking at the birth and death of red cells
Korolnek, T., & Hamza, I. (2015) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2014-12-567776 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Inflammatory response of macrophages in infection
Zhang, L., & Wang, C.-C. (2014) · Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international · doi:10.1016/s1499-3872(14)60024-2 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Regulation of tissue iron homeostasis: the macrophage “ferrostat”
Winn, N. C., Volk, K. M., & Hasty, A. H. (2020) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.132964 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“Pumping iron”—how macrophages handle iron at the systemic, microenvironmental, and cellular levels
Nairz, M., Theurl, I., Swirski, F. K., & Weiss, G. (2017) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-017-1944-8 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Identification and transcriptome analysis of erythroblastic island macrophages
Li, W., Wang, Y., Zhao, H., Zhang, H., Xu, Y., Wang, S., Guo, X., Huang, Y., Zhang, S., Han, Y., et al. (2019) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2019000430 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Shao, X., Lu, X., Liao, J., Chen, H., & Fan, X. (2020) · Protein & Cell · doi:10.1007/s13238-020-00727-5 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Tissue-Resident Macrophage Development and Function
Wu, Y., & Hirschi, K. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.617879 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
HSP70 sequestration by free α-globin promotes ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassaemia
Arlet, J.-B., Ribeil, J.-A., Guillem, F., Negre, O., Hazoume, A., Marcion, G., Beuzard, Y., Dussiot, M., Moura, I. C., Demarest, S., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13614 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Minihepcidin peptides as disease modifiers in mice affected by β-thalassemia and polycythemia vera
Casu, C., Oikonomidou, P. R., Chen, H., Nandi, V., Ginzburg, Y., Prasad, P., Fleming, R. E., Shah, Y. M., Valore, E. V., Nemeth, E., et al. (2016) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2015-10-676742 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationSuragani, R. N. V. S., Cawley, S. M., Li, R., Wallner, S., Alexander, M. J., Mulivor, A. W., Gardenghi, S., Rivella, S., Grinberg, A. V., Pearsall, R. S., et al. (2014) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2013-06-511238 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationBresnick, E. H., Hewitt, K. J., Mehta, C., Keleş, S., Paulson, R. F., & Johnson, K. D. (2018) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.151423 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Rivella, S. (2015) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2014.114827 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationIron metabolism under conditions of ineffective erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia
Rivella, S. (2019) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2018-07-815928 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of bone marrow macrophages in controlling homeostasis and repair in bone and bone marrow niches
Kaur, S., Raggatt, L. J., Batoon, L., Hume, D. A., Lévesque, J.-P., & Pettit, A. R. (2016) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.009 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Origin, development, and homeostasis of tissue‐resident macrophages
Haldar, M., & MURPHY, K. M. M. (2014) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12215 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Erythrocytosis: the HIF pathway in control
Franke, K., Gassmann, M., & Wielockx, B. (2013) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2013-01-478065 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Mei, Y., Liu, Y., & Ji, P. (2020) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2020.100740 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Stress erythropoiesis: definitions and models for its study
Paulson, R. F., Hariharan, S., & Little, J. A. (2020) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2020.07.011 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Gardenghi, S., Renaud, T. M., Meloni, A., Casu, C., Crielaard, B. J., Bystrom, L. M., Greenberg-Kushnir, N., Sasu, B. J., Cooke, K. S., & Rivella, S. (2014) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2013-08-521625 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationStress Erythropoiesis is a Key Inflammatory Response
Paulson, R. F., Ruan, B., Hao, S., & Chen, Y. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9030634 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The mechanisms of pathological extramedullary hematopoiesis in diseases
Yang, X., Chen, D., Long, H., & Zhu, B. (2020) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-020-03450-w · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Metabolic regulation of hematopoietic stem cell commitment and erythroid differentiation
Oburoglu, L., Romano, M., Taylor, N. N., & Kinet, S. (2016) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0000000000000234 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Macrophages: Gatekeepers of Tissue Integrity
Lavin, Y., & Mérad, M. (2013) · Cancer Immunology Research · doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0117 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Zhou, H., Feng, L., Xu, F., Sun, Y., Ma, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, H., Xu, G., Wu, X., Shen, Y., et al. (2017) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.003 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
FOXO3‐mTOR metabolic cooperation in the regulation of erythroid cell maturation and homeostasis
Zhang, X., Campreciós, G., Rimmelé, P., Liang, R. H.-S., Yalcin, S., Mungamuri, S. K., Barminko, J., d’Escamard, V., Baron, M. H., Brugnara, C., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.23786 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationAbnormal erythropoiesis and the pathophysiology of chronic anemia
Koury, M. J. (2014) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2014.01.002 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of the bone marrow niche
Yu, V. W. C., & Scadden, D. T. (2016) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0000000000000265 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Ineffective Erythropoiesis: Anemia and Iron Overload
Gupta, R., Musallam, K. M., Taher, A. T., & Rivella, S. (2017) · Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2017.11.009 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationThalassemia 2016: Modern medicine battles an ancient disease
Rund, D. G. (2015) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.24231 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Unraveling Macrophage Heterogeneity in Erythroblastic Islands
Seu, K. G., Papoin, J., Fessler, R., Hom, J., Huang, G., Mohandas, N., Blanc, L., & Kalfa, T. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01140 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
MerTK-mediated engulfment of pyrenocytes by central macrophages in erythroblastic islands
Toda, S., Segawa, K., & Nagata, S. (2014) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2014-01-547976 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Hypoxia Pathway Proteins are Master Regulators of Erythropoiesis
Watts, D., Gaete, D., Rodriguez, D., Hoogewijs, D., Rauner, M., Sormendi, S., & Wielockx, B. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21218131 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Xiang, J., Wu, D.-C., Chen, Y., & Paulson, R. F. (2015) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2014-07-591453 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The mTORC1/4E-BP pathway coordinates hemoglobin production with L -leucine availability
Chung, J., Bauer, D. E., Ghamari, A., Nizzi, C. P., Deck, K. M., Kingsley, P. D., Yien, Y. Y., Huston, N. C., Chen, C., Schultz, I. J., et al. (2015) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.aaa5903 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Role of the immune system in regeneration and its dynamic interplay with adult stem cells
Abnave, P., & Ghigo, É. (2018) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.002 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Heideveld, E., Hampton-O’Neil, L. A., Cross, S., van Alphen, F. P. J., van den Biggelaar, M., Toye, A. M., & van den Akker, E. (2017) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2017.179341 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Liao, C., Prabhu, K. S., & Paulson, R. F. (2018) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2018-06-856831 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Macrophages Support Splenic Erythropoiesis in 4T1 Tumor-Bearing Mice
Liu, M., Jin, X., He, X., Pan, L., Zhang, X., & Zhao, Y. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121921 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Like iron in the blood of the people: the requirement for heme trafficking in iron metabolism
Korolnek, T., & Hamza, I. (2014) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00126 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Erythropoiesis, EPO, macrophages, and bone
Eggold, J. T., & Rankin, E. B. (2018) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.014 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Iskander, D., Wang, G., Heuston, E. F., Christodoulidou, C., Psaila, B., Ponnusamy, K., Ren, H., Mokhtari, Z., Robinson, M. E., Chaidos, A., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abf0113 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
McCabe, A. F., Zhang, Y., Thai, V., Jones, M., Jordan, M. B., & MacNamara, K. C. (2015) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.2040 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
What can we learn from ineffective erythropoiesis in thalassemia?
Oikonomidou, P. R., & Rivella, S. (2017) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2017.10.001 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic programming of macrophages generates an in vitro model for the human erythroid island niche
Lopez‐Yrigoyen, M., Yang, C.-T., Fidanza, A., Cassetta, L., Taylor, A. H., McCahill, A., Sellink, E., Lindern, M. V., van den Akker, E., Mountford, J. C., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08705-0 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The erythroblastic island as an emerging paradigm in the anemia of inflammation
Hom, J., Dulmovits, B. M., Mohandas, N., & Blanc, L. (2015) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-015-8697-2 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
NCOA4 maintains murine erythropoiesis via cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms
Santana-Codina, N., Gableske, S., del Rey, M. Q., Małachowska, B., Jedrychowski, M. P., Biancur, D. E., Schmidt, P. J., Fleming, M. D., Fendler, W. M., Harper, J. W., et al. (2019) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2018.204123 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Multiple Facets of Iron Recycling
Slusarczyk, P., & Mleczko‐Sanecka, K. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12091364 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells outside the bone marrow: where, when, and why
Mende, N., & Laurenti, E. (2021) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2021.10.002 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The Bone Marrow Microenvironment for Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Lucas, D. (2017) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69194-7_2 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Li, W., Guo, R., Song, Y., & Jiang, Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.613885 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Macrophages: Key regulators of steady-state and demand-adapted hematopoiesis
McCabe, A. F., & MacNamara, K. C. (2016) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2016.01.003 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Wei, Q., Boulais, P. E., Zhang, D., Pinho, S., Tanaka, M., & Frenette, P. S. (2019) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2018-11-888180 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Inflammation as a Driver of Clonal Evolution in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
Fleischman, A. G. (2015) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2015/606819 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Wild-type macrophages reverse disease in heme oxygenase 1-deficient mice
Kovtunovych, G., Ghosh, M. C., Ollivierre, W. H., Weitzel, R. P., Eckhaus, M., Tisdale, J. F., Yachie, A., & Rouault, T. A. (2014) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2014-02-554162 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Pentamethoxyflavanone regulates macrophage polarization and ameliorates sepsis in mice
Feng, L., Song, P., Zhou, H., Li, A., Ma, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, H., Xu, G., Zhou, Y., Wu, X., et al. (2014) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2014.02.016 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Puliyel, M. M., Mainous, A. G., Berdoukas, V. A., & Coates, T. D. (2014) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.861 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Macrophages and regulation of erythropoiesis
Jacobsen, R. N., Perkins, A. C., & Lévesque, J.-P. (2015) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0000000000000131 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Liao, C., Hardison, R. C., Kennett, M. J., Carlson, B. A., Paulson, R. F., & Prabhu, K. S. (2018) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2017-08-800607 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Al-Rifai, R., Vandestienne, M., Lavillegrand, J., Mirault, T., Cornebise, J., Poisson, J., Laurans, L., Esposito, B., James, C., Mansier, O., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34469-1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Falchi, M., Varricchio, L., Martelli, F., Masiello, F., Federici, G., Zingariello, M., Girelli, G., Whitsett, C., Petricoin, E. F., Moestrup, S. K., et al. (2014) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2014.114405 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Hao, S., Xiang, J., Wu, D.-C., Fraser, J. W., Ruan, B., Cai, J., Patterson, A. D., Lai, Z.-C., & Paulson, R. F. (2019) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000375 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fraser, S. T., Midwinter, R. G., Coupland, L. A., Kong, S., Berger, B. S., Yeo, J. H., Andrade, O. C., Cromer, D., Suarna, C., Lam, M., et al. (2015) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2014.116368 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Epo receptor signaling in macrophages alters the splenic niche to promote erythroid differentiation
Chen, Y., Xiang, J., Qian, F., Tukaramrao, D. B., Ruan, B., Hao, S., Prabhu, K. S., & Paulson, R. F. (2020) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2019003480 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Erythroblastic islands foster granulopoiesis in parallel to terminal erythropoiesis
Romano, L., Seu, K. G., Papoin, J., Muench, D. E., Konstantinidis, D. G., Olsson, A., Schlum, K., Chetal, K., Chasis, J. A., Mohandas, N., et al. (2022) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2022015724 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Bouchnita, A., Eymard, N., Moyo, T. K., Koury, M. J., & Volpert, V. A. (2016) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.24291 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Cellular dynamics of mammalian red blood cell production in the erythroblastic island niche
Yeo, J. H., Lam, Y. W., & Fraser, S. T. (2019) · Biophysical Reviews · doi:10.1007/s12551-019-00579-2 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Digesting the role of bone marrow macrophages on hematopoiesis
Heideveld, E., & van den Akker, E. (2016) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2016.11.007 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kanaji, T., Vo, M., Kanaji, S., Zarpellon, A., Shapiro, R., Morodomi, Y., Yuzuriha, A., Eto, K., Belani, R., Do, M.-H. T., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1807000115 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Macrophage‐fibroblast circuits in the spleen
Bellomo, A., Gentek, R., Golub, R., & Bajénoff, M. (2021) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12979 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Development and differentiation of the erythroid lineage in mammals
Barminko, J., Reinholt, B. M., & Baron, M. H. (2015) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2015.12.012 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Role of the clathrin adaptor PICALM in normal hematopoiesis and polycythemia vera pathophysiology
Ishikawa, Y., Maeda, M., Pasham, M. R., Aguet, F., Tacheva-Grigorova, S. K., Masuda, T., Yi, H. F., Lee, S.-U., Xu, J., Teruya‐Feldstein, J., et al. (2014) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.2014.119537 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Langdon, J. M., Yates, S. C., Femnou, L. K., McCranor, B. J., Cheadle, C., Xue, Q., Vaulont, S., Civin, C. I., Walston, J. D., & Roy, C. N. (2014) · American Journal of Hematology · doi:10.1002/ajh.23670 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Bapat, A., Schippel, N., Shi, X., Jasbi, P., Gu, H., Kala, M., Sertil, A., & Sharma, S. (2021) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2021.02.012 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The erythroblastic island niche: modeling in health, stress, and disease
May, A., & Forrester, L. M. (2020) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2020.09.185 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Extrinsic and intrinsic control by EKLF (KLF1) within a specialized erythroid niche
Li, X., Galdass, M., Gnanapragasam, M. N., Manwani, D. G., & Bieker, J. J. (2014) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.103960 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Normal and dysregulated crosstalk between iron metabolism and erythropoiesis
Ginzburg, Y. Z., An, X., Rivella, S., & Goldfarb, A. N. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.90189 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationLing, T., Crispino, J. D., Zingariello, M., Martelli, F., & Migliaccio, A. R. (2018) · Expert Review of Hematology · doi:10.1080/17474086.2018.1436965 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Novel players in β-thalassemia dyserythropoiesis and new therapeutic strategies
Arlet, J., Dussiot, M., Moura, I. C., Hermine, O., & Courtois, G. (2016) · Current Opinion in Hematology · doi:10.1097/moh.0000000000000231 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Stress-associated erythropoiesis initiation is regulated by type 1 conventional dendritic cells
Kim, T. S., Hanak, M. F., Trampont, P. C., & Braciale, T. J. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci81919 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Merlin, S., Bhargava, K., Ranaldo, G., Zanolini, D., Palestro, C., Santambrogio, L., Prat, M., Follenzi, A., & Gupta, S. (2016) · American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.11.002 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Tracking erythroid progenitor cells in times of need and times of plenty
Koury, M. J. (2015) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2015.10.007 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Regulation of erythropoiesis: emerging concepts and therapeutic implications
Tang, P., & Wang, H. (2023) · Hematology · doi:10.1080/16078454.2023.2250645 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Anselmo, A., Lauranzano, E., Soldani, C., Ploia, C., Angioni, R., D’Amico, G., Sarukhan, A., Mazzon, C., & Viola, A. (2016) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2016.10 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Jordan, S., Ruzsics, Z., Mitrović, M., Baranek, T., Arapović, J., Krmpotić, A., Vivier, É., Dalod, M., Jonjić, S., Dölken, L., et al. (2013) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2013.04.007 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ramos, P., Casu, C., Gardenghi, S., Breda, L., Crielaard, B. J., Guy, E., Marongiu, M. F., Gupta, R., Levine, R. L., Abdel-Wahab, O., Ebert, B. L., Van Rooijen, N., Ghaffari, S., Grady, R. W., Giardina, P. J., & Rivella, S.
- Affiliations
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rivella, Stefano
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2013-03-17
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 437-445
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- PMC
- PMC3618568
- OpenAlex
- W2023747882
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 10
- FWCI
- 14.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK090554, R01DK095112)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Erythropoietin and Anemia Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Keywords
- macrophages, erythropoiesis, polycythemia vera, beta-thalassemia, erythroblasts, erythroblast enucleation, erythroid proliferation, erythropoietin, macrophage depletion, stress erythropoiesis, red blood cell recovery
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Clodronic Acid, Disease Models, Animal, Erythrocyte Count, Erythropoiesis, Female, Hematocrit, Hemoglobins, Humans, Macrophages, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Polycythemia Vera, Reticulocytes, Stress, Physiological, beta-Thalassemia, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
