Cited by 2,229Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationFetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders

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Cortical neurons arise in symmetric and asymmetric division zones and migrate through specific phases

Noctor, Stephen C, Martínez-Cerdeño, Verónica, Ivic, Lidija, Kriegstein, Arnold R·2004·Nature Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nn1172

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Abstract

Precise patterns of cell division and migration are crucial to transform the neuroepithelium of the embryonic forebrain into the adult cerebral cortex. Using time-lapse imaging of clonal cells in rat cortex over several generations, we show here that neurons are generated in two proliferative zones by distinct patterns of division. Neurons arise directly from radial glial cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) and indirectly from intermediate progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Furthermore, newborn neurons do not migrate directly to the cortex; instead, most exhibit four distinct phases of migration, including a phase of retrograde movement toward the ventricle before migration to the cortical plate. These findings provide a comprehensive and new view of the dynamics of cortical neurogenesis and migration.

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Authors: Noctor, S. C., Martínez-Cerdeño, V., Ivic, L., & Kriegstein, A. R.
Affiliations: Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author: Noctor, Stephen C
ORCID: Noctor, Stephen C
Kriegstein, Arnold R
Venue: Nature Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2004-01-04
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Pages: 136-144
ISSN: 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
1546-1726
DOI: 10.1038/nn1172
OpenAlex: W2127220436
Cited by: 2,229
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 43 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 91 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 101 · 2021: 97 · 2020: 130 · 2019: 114 · 2018: 121 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 108 · 2015: 109 · 2014: 127 · 2013: 123 · 2012: 127
FWCI: 21.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (7r37ns038658-07)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-35710, NS 38658, NS-21223, R01NS021223)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
Keywords: cortical neuron migration, cortical neurogenesis, radial glia, intermediate progenitor cells, ventricular zone, subventricular zone, symmetric cell division, asymmetric cell division, retrograde migration, cortical plate, cortical development
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Movement, Cerebral Cortex, Embryo, Mammalian, Immunohistochemistry, Neurons, Organ Culture Techniques, Stem Cells, Patch-Clamp Techniques, Microscopy, Confocal, Rats

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Cortical neurons arise in symmetric and asymmetric division zones and migrate through specific phases

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