Glutaminase-deficient mice display hippocampal hypoactivity, insensitivity to pro-psychotic drugs and potentiated latent inhibition: relevance to schizophrenia
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Dysregulated glutamatergic neurotransmission has been strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). Recently, presynaptic modulation of glutamate transmission has been shown to have therapeutic promise. We asked whether genetic knockdown of glutaminase (gene GLS1) to reduce glutamatergic transmission presynaptically by slowing the recycling of glutamine to glutamate, would produce a phenotype relevant to SCZ and its treatment. GLS1 heterozygous (GLS1 het) mice showed about a 50% global reduction in glutaminase activity, and a modest reduction in glutamate levels in brain regions relevant to SCZ pathophysiology, but displayed neither general behavioral abnormalities nor SCZ-associated phenotypes. Functional imaging, measuring regional cerebral blood volume, showed hippocampal hypometabolism mainly in the CA1 subregion and subiculum, the inverse of recent clinical imaging findings in prodromal and SCZ patients. GLS1 het mice were less sensitive to the behavioral stimulating effects of amphetamine, showed a reduction in amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine release and in ketamine-induced frontal cortical activation, suggesting that GLS1 het mice are resistant to the effects of these pro-psychotic challenges. Moreover, GLS1 het mice showed clozapine-like potentiation of latent inhibition, suggesting that reduction in glutaminase has antipsychotic-like properties. These observations provide further support for the pivotal role of altered glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the pathophysiology of SCZ, and suggest that presynaptic modulation of the glutamine-glutamate pathway through glutaminase inhibition may provide a new direction for the pharmacotherapy of SCZ.
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The gln/glu ratio increase may reflect a deficiency in glutaminase, the enzyme that converts glutamine into glutamate, which results in reduced glutamate levels and increased glutamine levels in the frontal region.
“This may reflect a deficiency in glutaminase, the enzyme that converts glutamine into glutamate, which results in reduced glutamate levels and increased glutamine levels in the frontal region.61”
From Glutamate in Schizophrenia: A Focused Review and Meta-Analysis of 1H-MRS Studies (2013) · cites this paper as [61]
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Salience and psychosis: moving from theory to practise
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Molecular mechanism of schizophrenia with reference to disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1)
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Moghaddam, B., & Javitt, D. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.181 · Cited by 1,035 · see citing works
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Targeted inhibition of tumor-specific glutaminase diminishes cell-autonomous tumorigenesis
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Self-citationGDH-Dependent Glutamate Oxidation in the Brain Dictates Peripheral Energy Substrate Distribution
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Ji, C., Tang, Y., Zhang, Y., Huang, X., Li, C., Yang, Y., Wu, Q., Xia, X., Cai, Q., Qi, X.-R., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112712 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gaisler-Salomon, I., Miller, G. M., Chuhma, N., Lee, S., Zhang, H., Ghoddoussi, F., Lewandowski, N., Fairhurst, S., Wang, Y., Conjard-Duplany, A., Masson, J., Balsam, P., Hen, R., Arancio, O., Galloway, M. P., Moore, H. M., Small, S. A., & Rayport, S.
- Affiliations
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Wayne State University (US)
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Small, Scott A
- Rayport, Stephen
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2009-06-10
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2305-2322
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC2811085
- OpenAlex
- W1978403015
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- National Institutes of Health (5p50mh066171-05)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG025161, P50AG008702)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50-MH066171, MH068073, R01MH068073)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA014055, K02DA000356, T32DA016224, R01DA016736, R01DA016373)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS049442, MH068073)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Keywords
- glutaminase, GLS1, schizophrenia, glutamatergic neurotransmission, presynaptic glutamate release, amphetamine sensitivity, striatal dopamine release, latent inhibition, clozapine, regional cerebral blood volume, mouse model
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Amphetamine, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Analysis of Variance, Animals, Behavior, Animal, Clozapine, Exploratory Behavior, Glutaminase, Hippocampus, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Inhibition, Psychological, Ketamine, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Short-Term, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Activity, Synaptic Transmission, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Oxygen, Protons, Reflex, Startle, Antipsychotic Agents, Microdialysis, Mice, Knockout, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists, Glutamic Acid, Maze Learning, Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials, Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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