Simvastatin treatment highlights a new role for the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in the modulation of emotional reactivity and cognitive performance in rats
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The aim of the present work was to shed light on the role played by the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in the modulation of emotional reactivity and memory consolidation in rodents through the inhibition of the key and rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) both in vivo and in vitro with simvastatin. Three-month-old male Wistar rats treated for 21 days with simvastatin or vehicle were tested in the social interaction, elevated plus-maze, and inhibitory avoidance tasks; after behavioral testing, the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, dorsal, and ventral striatum were dissected out for biochemical assays. In order to delve deeper into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects, primary rat hippocampal neurons were used. Our results show that HMGR inhibition by simvastatin induces anxiogenic-like effects in the social interaction but not in the elevated plus-maze test, and improves memory consolidation in the inhibitory avoidance task. These effects are accompanied by imbalances in the activity of specific prenylated proteins, Rab3 and RhoA, involved in neurotransmitter release, and synaptic plasticity, respectively. Taken together, the present findings indicate that the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway is critically involved in the physiological modulation of both emotional and cognitive processes in rodents.
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These changes suggest that low intracellular cholesterol content, as a consequence of HMGCR activity suppression in RTT fibroblasts, induces the classic feedback mechanism with activation of SREBP2 and the increase of its transcriptional targets such as LDLR and HMGCR.
“These changes suggest that low intracellular cholesterol content, as a consequence of HMGCR activity suppression in RTT fibroblasts, induces the classic feedback mechanism with activation of SREBP2 and the increase of its transcriptional targets such as LDLR (LDL receptor) and HMGCR [23,55,103,104,105,106,107].”
From Loss of Mevalonate/Cholesterol Homeostasis in the Brain: A Focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder and Rett Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [106]
In “Simvastatin Efficacy and Tolerance in the CNS” (page unavailable), the paper reports that HMGR inhibition in rat brain produced a classical feedback response with increased active SREBP-2 and LDL receptor expression. It does not establish this response in RTT fibroblasts or report an increase in HMGCR expression as a transcriptional target. The paper also reports no change in measured rat-brain tissue cholesterol after treatment. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Self-citationStatins and the brain: New perspective for old drugs
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Unidirectional opioid-cannabinoid cross-tolerance in the modulation of social play behavior in rats
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“In addition, RhoA has been related to the activation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) which is a transcription factor involved in long-term memory [11,12] and in several brain functions [13], including the fundamental neurotrophin production [14,15].”
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- Authors
- Segatto, M., Manduca, A., Lecis, C., Rosso, P., Jozwiak, A., Swiezewska, E., Moreno, S., Trezza, V., & Pallottini, V.
- Affiliations
- Roma Tre University (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Pallottini, Valentina
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2013-10-10
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 841-854
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC3924519
- OpenAlex
- W2011047972
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 2.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi del Molise (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Iris (Roma Tre University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Keywords
- simvastatin, emotional reactivity, anxiety-like behavior, memory consolidation, passive avoidance, social interaction, prenylated proteins, Rab3, RhoA, synaptic plasticity, hippocampal neurons, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, striatum
- MeSH terms
- Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein, Animals, Anticholesteremic Agents, Avoidance Learning, Brain, Cells, Cultured, Cholesterol, Cognition, Emotions, Male, Membrane Proteins, Neurons, Synaptic Vesicles, Terpenes, Triglycerides, Rats, Wistar, Maze Learning, Simvastatin, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, CREB-Binding Protein, Rats
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