Investing in the future: stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex reduces discounting of delayed rewards
Open accessAbstract
Generally, rewards that are received sooner are often preferred over future rewards, and the time between the choice and the reception of the reward is an important factor that influences our decisions, a phenomenon called delay discounting (DD). In DD, the medial prefrontal cortex (MePFC) and striatal dopamine neurotransmission both play an important role. We used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to transiently activate the MePFC to evaluate its behavioral effect on the DD paradigm, and subsequently to measure its effect on striatal dopamine. Twenty-four right-handed young healthy subjects (11 females; age: 22.1±2.9 years) underwent DD following 10 Hz-rTMS of the MePFC and vertex stimulation (control condition). Thereafter, 11 subjects (5 females; age: 22.2±2.87 years) completed the PET study at rest using [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO following 10 Hz-rTMS of the MePFC and vertex. Modulation of the MePFC excitability influenced the subjective level of DD for delayed rewards and interfered with synaptic dopamine level in the striatum. The present study yielded findings that might reconcile the role of these areas in inter-temporal decision making and dopamine modulation, suggesting that the subjective sense of time and value of reward are critically controlled by these important regions.
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rTMS-induced changes in dopamine release in the globus pallidus show a U-shaped relationship to change in impulsivity on the delayed discounting task.
“Likewise, in the previously mentioned PET study of dmPFC-rTMS (Cho et al., 2015), rTMS-induced changes in dopamine release in the globus pallidus showed a U-shaped relationship to change in impulsivity, as indexed on the delayed discounting task.”
From Cortico-striatal-thalamic loop circuits of the salience network: A central pathway in psychiatric disease and treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Cho et al., 2015
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“Likewise, in the previously mentioned PET study of dmPFC-rTMS (Cho et al., 2015), rTMS-induced changes in dopamine release in the globus pallidus showed a U-shaped relationship to change in impulsivity, as indexed on the delayed discounting task.”
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- Authors
- Cho, S. S., Koshimori, Y., Aminian, K., Obeso, I., Rusjan, P., Lang, A. E., Daskalakis, Z. J., Houle, S., & Strafella, A. P.
- Affiliations
- University Health Network (CA)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Strafella, Antonio P
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2014-08-29
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 546-553
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC4289950
- OpenAlex
- W2005247988
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11
- FWCI
- 5.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- AstraZeneca
- Campbell Institute
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
- BrainsWay
- Parkinson Society Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-110 962, 110962)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- delay discounting, medial prefrontal cortex, striatal dopamine, intertemporal choice, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, [11C]-(+)-PHNO, future rewards, impulsivity
- MeSH terms
- Carbon Radioisotopes, Corpus Striatum, Dopamine, Female, Humans, Male, Oxazines, Reward, Prefrontal Cortex, Positron-Emission Tomography, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Young Adult, Functional Neuroimaging, Delay Discounting
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