Cited by 171Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesTreatment of Major DepressionNeurological disorders and treatments

Noninvasive brain stimulation treatments for addiction and major depression

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Dunlop, Katharine, Hanlon, Colleen A., Downar, Jonathan·2017·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) are prevalent, disabling, and challenging illnesses for which new treatment options are needed, particularly in comorbid cases. Neuroimaging studies of the functional architecture of the brain suggest common neural substrates underlying MDD and SUDs. Intrinsic brain activity is organized into a set of functional networks, of which two are particularly relevant to psychiatry. The salience network (SN) is crucial for cognitive control and response inhibition, and deficits in SN function are implicated across a wide variety of psychiatric disorders, including MDD and SUDs. The ventromedial network (VMN) corresponds to the classic reward circuit, and pathological VMN activity for drug cues/negative stimuli is seen in SUDs/MDD. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including rTMS and tDCS, have been used to enhance cortico–striatal–thalamic activity through the core SN nodes in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior insula. Improvements in both MDD and SUD symptoms ensue, including in comorbid cases, via enhanced cognitive control. Inhibition of the VMN also appears promising in preclinical studies for quenching the pathological incentive salience underlying SUDs and MDD. Evolving techniques may further enhance the efficacy of NIBS for MDD and SUD cases that are unresponsive to conventional treatments.

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  1. [109]Tremblay, L.K., C.A. Naranjo, S.J. Graham, et al 2005 Functional neuroanatomical substrates of altered reward processing in major depressive disorder revealed by a dopaminergic probe. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62: 1228– 1236. 16275810
  2. [166]Bakker, N., S. Shahab, P. Giacobbe, et al 2015 rTMS of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex for major depression: safety, tolerability, effectiveness, and outcome predictors for 10 Hz versus intermittent theta‐burst stimulation. Brain Stimul. 8: 205– 215. 25465290

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Authors
Dunlop, K., Hanlon, C. A., & Downar, J.
Affiliations
  • University Health Network (CA)
  • Medical University of South Carolina (US)
Corresponding author
Downar, Jonathan
Venue
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-02-05
Volume
1394
Issue
1
Pages
31-54
ISSN
  • 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
  • 1749-6632
OpenAlex
W2264900518
Cited by
171
References
220
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5
FWCI
1.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
Keywords
non-invasive brain stimulation, major depressive disorder, substance use disorders, addiction, salience network, reward systems, cognitive control, response inhibition, incentive salience, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation
MeSH terms
Mental Disorders, Brain, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways, Behavior, Addictive, Substance-Related Disorders, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

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