Brain activity during cocaine craving and gambling urges: an fMRI study
Open accessAbstract
Although craving states are important to both cocaine dependence (CD) and pathological gambling (PG), few studies have directly investigated neurobiological similarities and differences in craving between these disorders. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain activity in 103 participants (30 CD, 28 PG, and 45 controls) while they watched videos depicting cocaine, gambling, and sad scenarios to investigate the neural correlates of craving. We observed a three-way urge type × video type × diagnostic group interaction in self-reported craving, with CD participants reporting strong cocaine cravings to cocaine videos, and PG participants reporting strong gambling urges to gambling videos. Neuroimaging data revealed a diagnostic group × video interaction in anterior cingulate cortex/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), activating predominantly to cocaine videos in CD participants, and a more dorsal mPFC region that was most strongly activated for cocaine videos in CD participants, gambling videos in PG participants, and sad videos in control participants. Gender × diagnosis × video interactions identified dorsal mPFC and a region in posterior insula/caudate in which female but not male PG participants showed increased responses to gambling videos. Findings illustrate both similarities and differences in the neural correlates of drug cravings and gambling urges in CD and PG. Future studies should investigate diagnostic- and gender-specific therapies targeting the neural systems implicated in craving/urge states in addictions.
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In humans, cue-induced craving involves activation of circuits similar to those in animals, with drug-associated and non-drug addiction cues activating the prefrontal cortex, including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, and medial orbitofrontal cortex.
“In humans, cue-induced craving appears to involve activation of similar circuits, in which cues that are associated with drugs and elements of non-drug addictions produce activation of the prefrontal cortex, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, and medial orbitofrontal cortex.101–105”
From Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis (2016) · cites this paper as [101]
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“Several MRI studies have investigated brain correlates of cue-reactivity nd craving in individuals with gambling disorder (Crockford et al., 005; Goudriaan et al., 2010; Kober et al., 2016; Miedl et al., 2014; otenza et al., 2003; Wulfert et al., 2009).”
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- Authors
- Kober, H., Lacadie, C. M., Wexler, B. E., Malison, R. T., Sinha, R., & Potenza, M. N.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Potenza, Marc N
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2015-06-29
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 628-637
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC5130138
- OpenAlex
- W855695916
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10
- FWCI
- 13.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P50DA016556, K24DA017899, R01DA035058, R01DA019039, K12DA000167)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB006494)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024139)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- cocaine craving, gambling urges, cocaine dependence, gambling addiction, anterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior insula, caudate nucleus, gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cocaine, Female, Gambling, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Motion Perception, Neuropsychological Tests, Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors, Cocaine-Related Disorders, Young Adult, Craving
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