Cited by 434Iron Metabolism and DisordersNeurological diseases and metabolismFerroptosis and cancer prognosis

Haemochromatosis

Open access
Brissot, Pierre, Pietrangelo, Antonello, Adams, Paul C., de Graaff, Barbara, McLaren, Christine E., Loréal, Olivier·2018·Nature Reviews Disease Primers

Abstract

Haemochromatosis is defined as systemic iron overload of genetic origin, caused by a reduction in the concentration of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin, or a reduction in hepcidin-ferroportin binding. Hepcidin regulates the activity of ferroportin, which is the only identified cellular iron exporter. The most common form of haemochromatosis is due to homozygous mutations (specifically, the C282Y mutation) in HFE, which encodes hereditary haemochromatosis protein. Non-HFE forms of haemochromatosis due to mutations in HAMP, HJV or TFR2 are much rarer. Mutations in SLC40A1 (also known as FPN1; encoding ferroportin) that prevent hepcidin-ferroportin binding also cause haemochromatosis. Cellular iron excess in HFE and non-HFE forms of haemochromatosis is caused by increased concentrations of plasma iron, which can lead to the accumulation of iron in parenchymal cells, particularly hepatocytes, pancreatic cells and cardiomyocytes. Diagnosis is noninvasive and includes clinical examination, assessment of plasma iron parameters, imaging and genetic testing. The mainstay therapy is phlebotomy, although iron chelation can be used in some patients. Hepcidin supplementation might be an innovative future approach.

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Integrity signals

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Crossref · 10.1038/nrdp.2018.16

Cites

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  • Specific point mutations in the HFE gene cause classical hereditary hemochromatosis, the most prevalent iron overload disorder in subjects of Caucasian ancestry.

    “Specific point mutations in the HFE gene, which encodes a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecule, are the cause of classical hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), the most prevalent IO disorder in subjects of Caucasian ancestry (Brissot et al., 2018).”

    From Iron in infection and immunity (2020) · cites this paper as Brissot et al., 2018

    The Abstract (page unavailable) says that the most common form of haemochromatosis is caused by homozygous HFE C282Y mutations and that this mutation is found almost exclusively in white individuals. The Mechanisms/pathophysiology section identifies HFE as an HLA class I molecule. The cited passages do not establish the broader claim that classical hereditary haemochromatosis is the most prevalent of all iron-overload disorders in people of Caucasian ancestry. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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  • Overall hemochromatosis is due to insufficient hepcidin production or exceptionally to hepcidin resistance.

    “Overall hemochromatosis is due to “insufficient hepcidin production” or exceptionally to “hepcidin resistance”.77”
  • Both genetic and acquired modifiers contribute to the penetrance of HFE-hemochromatosis, interfering with hepcidin expression: e.g., alcohol aggravates the iron burden, whereas blood donations attenuates it.

    “Both genetic and acquired modifiers contribute to the penetrance of HFE-hemochromatosis, interfering with hepcidin expression: e.g., alcohol aggravates the iron burden, whereas blood donations attenuates it.77”
  • NTBI leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species and cell damage, causing liver fibrosis (which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma), chronic heart failure, diabetes, hypopituitarism and other complications of iron loading.

    “NTBI leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species and cell damage, causing liver fibrosis (which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma), chronic heart failure, diabetes, hypopituitarism and other complications of iron loading.77,79”
  • Transferrin saturation and serum ferritin coupled with genetic testing and non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging measurements of liver iron content define the nature and severity of iron loading in both hemochromatosis and thalassemia.

    “Transferrin saturation (Tsat), i.e. the ratio of serum iron/total iron binding capacity and serum ferritin coupled with genetic testing and non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging measurements of liver iron content, define the nature and severity of iron loading in both hemochromatosis77 and thalassemia.110”

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [8]Strachan A Haemosiderosis and haemochromatosis in South African natives with a comment on etiology of haemochrmatosis. Thesis, Univ. Glasgow (1929).
  2. [9]Wallace DF & Subramaniam VM in Iron Physiology and Pathophysiology in Humans (eds Anderson GJ & McLaren GD) 399– 416 (Humana Press, New York, 2012).
  3. [39]Skoien R, & Powell LW in Iron Physiology and Pathophysiology in Humans (eds Anderson GJ & McLaren GD) 385– 398 (Humana Press, New York, 2012).

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Authors
Brissot, P., Pietrangelo, A., Adams, P. C., de Graaff, B., McLaren, C. E., & Loréal, O.
Affiliations
  • Inserm (FR)
  • Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena (IT)
  • Western University (CA)
  • University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author
Brissot, Pierre
Venue
Nature Reviews Disease Primers
Published
2018-04-05
Volume
4
Issue
1
Pages
18016-18016
ISSN
2056-676X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4232013301
Cited by
430
References
223
Citations by year
2026: 35 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 11 · 2013: 1
FWCI
6.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Disease Primers (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
  • UTAS Research Repository (submittedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (P30CA062203)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological diseases and metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
Keywords
hemochromatosis, iron overload, hepcidin, ferroportin, HFE C282Y mutation, hemojuvelin, transferrin receptor 2, SLC40A1, iron metabolism, phlebotomy, iron chelation, diagnosis, clinical management, quality of life
MeSH terms
Ferroportin, Hemochromatosis, Humans, Iron, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mass Screening, Polymorphism, Genetic, Quality of Life, Chelation Therapy, Phlebotomy, Cation Transport Proteins

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