Getting under the skin of epidermal morphogenesis
Abstract
At the surface of the skin, the epidermis serves as the armour for the body. Scientists are now closer than ever to understanding how the epidermis accomplishes this extraordinary feat, and is able to survive and replenish itself under the harshest conditions that face any tissue. By combining genetic engineering with cell-biological studies and with human genome data analyses, skin biologists are discovering the mechanisms that underlie the development and differentiation of the epidermis and hair follicles of the skin. This explosion of knowledge paves the way for new discoveries into the genetic bases of human skin disorders and for developing new therapeutics.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Transcription factors were enriched among the genes upregulated by 1 h in air, including P65 (NFkB or RELA), retinoic acid receptor, Krueppel-like factor 4, and AP-1 (JUN, FOS).
“Transcription factors were enriched among the genes upregulated by 1 h in air (table S1, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13344803.v1), including those known to regulate skin morphogenesis (Fuchs and Raghavan, 2002), such as transcription factors P65 (NFkB or RELA), retinoic acid receptor, Krueppel-like factor 4, and transcription factors AP-1 (JUN, FOS) (fig. S2, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.fig”
From Genomic and physiological mechanisms underlying skin plasticity during water to air transition in an amphibious fish (2020) · cites this paper as Fuchs and Raghavan, 2002
Cites
Polakis, P. (2000) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.14.15.1837 · Cited by 3,183 · see citing works
A common human skin tumour is caused by activating mutations in β-catenin
Chan, E., Gat, U., McNiff, J. M., & Fuchs, E. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/7747 · Cited by 612 · see citing works
Self-citationDeregulated expression of c-Myc depletes epidermal stem cells
Waikel, R. L., Kawachi, Y., Waikel, P. A., Wang, X.-J., & Roop, D. R. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/88889 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
The EGF Receptor Provides an Essential Survival Signal for SOS-Dependent Skin Tumor Development
Sibilia, M., Fleischmann, A., Behrens, A., Stingl, L., Carroll, J., Watt, F. M., Schlessinger, J., & Wagner, E. F. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00026-x · Cited by 304 · see citing works
JunB can substitute for Jun in mouse development and cell proliferation
Passegué, E., Jochum, W., Behrens, A., Ricci, R., & Wagner, E. F. (2002) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng790 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Grice, E. A., & Segre, J. A. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2537 · Cited by 3,143 · see citing works
Defining the Epithelial Stem Cell Niche in Skin
Tumbar, T., Guasch, G., Greco, V., Blanpain, C., Lowry, W. E., Rendl, M., & Fuchs, E. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1092436 · Cited by 2,031 · see citing works
Self-citationD'Orazio, J., Jarrett, S., Amaro-Ortiz, A., & Scott, T. (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms140612222 · Cited by 1,984 · see citing works
Blanpain, C., Lowry, W. E., Geoghegan, A., Polak, L., & Fuchs, E. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.08.012 · Cited by 1,428 · see citing works
Self-citationAsymmetric cell divisions promote stratification and differentiation of mammalian skin
Lechler, T., & Fuchs, E. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03922 · Cited by 998 · see citing works
Self-citationBraun, K. M., Niemann, C., Jensen, U. B., Sundberg, J. P., Silva-Vargas, V., & Watt, F. M. (2003) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.00703 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
E‐cadherin controls adherens junctions in the epidermis and the renewal of hair follicles
Young, P., Boussadia, O., Halfter, H., Grose, R., Berger, P., Leone, D. P., Robenek, H., Charnay, P., Kemler, R., & Suter, U. (2003) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg560 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
TREM2 macrophages induced by human lipids drive inflammation in acne lesions
Do, T. H., Ma, F., Andrade, P. R., Teles, R., de Andrade Silva, B. J., Hu, C., Espinoza, A., Hsu, J.-E., Cho, C.-S., Kim, M., et al. (2022) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abo2787 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Interleukin-1, inflammasomes, autoinflammation and the skin
Contassot, E., Beer, H.-D., & French, L. E. (2012) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2012.13590 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Selenoproteins Are Essential for Proper Keratinocyte Function and Skin Development
Sengupta, A., Lichti, U. F., Carlson, B. A., Ryscavage, A. O., Gladyshev, V. N., Yuspa, S. H., & Hatfield, D. L. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012249 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Müller-Decker, K. (2011) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-011-9306-z · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Vascularized 3D Human Skin Models in the Forefront of Dermatological Research
Rimal, R., Muduli, S., Desai, P., Marquez, A. B., Möller, M., Platzman, I., Spatz, J., & Singh, S. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202303351 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Dong, Y.-W., Blanchard, T. S., Noll, A., Vasquez, P., Schmitz, J., Kelly, S. P., Wright, P. A., & Whitehead, A. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.235515 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Dorr, M. M., & Rochette, P. J. (2023) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283572 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fuchs, E., & Raghavan, S.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fuchs, Elaine
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Genetics
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 199-209
- ISSN
- 1471-0056 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0064
- OpenAlex
- W2093329656
- Cited by
- 753
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 11.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Hair Growth and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Skin and Cellular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and rare skin diseases.
- Keywords
- epidermal morphogenesis, epidermal development, epidermal differentiation, hair follicle development, skin diseases, skin regeneration, skin barrier
- MeSH terms
- Epidermal Cells, Animals, Cell Adhesion, Cell Differentiation, Epidermis, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Skin Diseases, Stem Cells, Transcription, Genetic, Signal Transduction, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Receptors, Notch
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
