TREM2 macrophages induced by human lipids drive inflammation in acne lesions
Open accessAbstract
Acne affects 1 in 10 people globally, often resulting in disfigurement. The disease involves excess production of lipids, particularly squalene, increased growth of Cutibacterium acnes , and a host inflammatory response with foamy macrophages. By combining single-cell and spatial RNA sequencing as well as ultrahigh-resolution Seq-Scope analyses of early acne lesions on back skin, we identified TREM2 macrophages expressing lipid metabolism and proinflammatory gene programs in proximity to hair follicle epithelium expressing squalene epoxidase. We established that the addition of squalene induced differentiation of TREM2 macrophages in vitro, which were unable to kill C. acnes . The addition of squalene to macrophages inhibited induction of oxidative enzymes and scavenged oxygen free radicals, providing an explanation for the efficacy of topical benzoyl peroxide in the clinical treatment of acne. The present work has elucidated the mechanisms by which TREM2 macrophages and unsaturated lipids, similar to their involvement in atherosclerosis, may contribute to the pathogenesis of acne.
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The LAM phenotype is not unique to the fibrotic liver, also being identified in other tissues in the context of sterile injury as well as in macrophages surrounding the bile duct in the healthy liver.
“Interestingly, this phenotype is not unique to the fibrotic liver, also being identified in other tissues in the context of sterile injury (32, 33, 38, 110–121) as well as in macrophages surrounding the bile duct in the healthy liver (62).”
From Targeting macrophages in liver fibrosis (2026) · cites this paper as [111]
The Results identify TREM2 macrophages in acne lesions, supporting the presence of a related phenotype outside fibrotic liver. The Introduction describes acne in terms of bacterial infection and inflammation, however, so this paper does not establish acne as a context of sterile injury. The healthy-liver bile-duct finding is attached to a different citation (62). (LLM, conf=0.84)
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“Foamy macrophages are abundant in acne lesions (25), as is typical of diseases of lipid metabolism, prominently in atherosclerosis (26), where they have been shown to express TREM2 (27).”
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“We did not observe any up-regulation of genes for fatty acid synthesis (81), wax ester synthesis (82), triglyceride synthesis (83), or cholesterol synthesis (fig.”
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“Although common, the erythematous skin lesions and scarring in acne make the disease a major cause of psychosocial and psychological impairment in young people (2), triggering anxiety and mood disorders, affecting selfesteem (2–8), and leading to social isolation (7, 9, 10).”
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“We did not observe any up-regulation of genes for fatty acid synthesis (81), wax ester synthesis (82), triglyceride synthesis (83), or cholesterol synthesis (fig.”
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“By contrast, we found that only two of the inflammatory genes from acne TREM2 macrophages were significant cluster marker genes for the TREM2 macrophages in murine resting hair follicles (52), and neither was ranked in the top 50 (fig.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPrevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among patients with skin disease.
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“Although common, the erythematous skin lesions and scarring in acne make the disease a major cause of psychosocial and psychological impairment in young people (2), triggering anxiety and mood disorders, affecting selfesteem (2–8), and leading to social isolation (7, 9, 10).”
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“Squalene and its peroxides affect keratinocytes (KCs) (20), T cells (21), and macrophages (13), which contribute to the development of acne lesions including the accompanying inflammation (22, 23).”
BackgroundNew understandings of the pathogenesis of acne
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“The pathogenesis of acne is characterized by increased production of lipids that are secreted as sebum by the pilosebaceous unit, which is formed by the epithelial lining of the hair follicle and sebaceous glands (12).”
BackgroundCD1a autoreactive T cells recognize natural skin oils that function as headless antigens
de Jong, A., Cheng, T., Huang, S., Gras, S., Birkinshaw, R., Kasmar, A. G., van Rhijn, I., Peña-Cruz, V., Ruan, D. T., Altman, J. D., et al. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2790 · Cited by 156 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Squalene and its peroxides affect keratinocytes (KCs) (20), T cells (21), and macrophages (13), which contribute to the development of acne lesions including the accompanying inflammation (22, 23).”
BackgroundInteraction of Propionibacterium acnes with skin lipids in vitro
Gribbon, E. M., Cunliffe, W. J., & Holland, K. T. (1993) · Journal of General Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00221287-139-8-1745 · Cited by 155 · cited 1× · see citing works
“acnes lipase, leading to bacterial proliferation (17).”
Chlamydia pneumoniae -Induced Macrophage Foam Cell Formation Is Mediated by Toll-Like Receptor 2
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“The presence of foamy macrophages in diseases caused by Chlamydia (28), Toxoplasma (29), and Mycobacterium (30) species has indicated a link between lipid metabolism and microbes.”
BackgroundLiu, J., Chang, H.-W., Huang, Z., Nakamura, M., Sekhon, S., Ahn, R. S., Muñoz-Sandoval, P., Bhattarai, S., Beck, K. M., Sanchez, I. M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.028 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Sebum analysis of individuals with and without acne.
Pappas, A., Johnsen, S. A., Liu, J.-C., & Eisinger, M. (2009) · Dermato-Endocrinology · doi:10.4161/derm.1.3.8473 · Cited by 144 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The production of squalene, increased in patients with acne (18), is linked to the pathogenesis of acne, because androgens, which trigger acne, induce squalene synthesis via sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) (19).”
BackgroundKim, J., Lee, J., Kim, H. J., Kameyama, N., Nazarian, R. S., Der, E. B., Cohen, S. R., Guttman‐Yassky, E., Putterman, C., & Krueger, J. G. (2021) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.021 · Cited by 144 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In other studies of skin disease, TREM2 macrophages were not prominent in psoriasis (58, 67), atopic dermatitis (68), and vitiligo (69).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGellatly, K. J., Strassner, J. P., Essien, K. I., Refat, M. A., Murphy, R. L., Coffin-Schmitt, A., Pandya, A. G., Tovar‐Garza, A., Frisoli, M. L., Fan, X., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abd8995 · Cited by 143 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In other studies of skin disease, TREM2 macrophages were not prominent in psoriasis (58, 67), atopic dermatitis (68), and vitiligo (69).”
BackgroundPapakonstantinou, E., Aletras, A. J., Glass, E., Tsogas, P., Dionyssopoulos, A., Adjaye, J., Fimmel, S., Gouvousis, P., Herwig, R., Lehrach, H. R., et al. (2005) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23848.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
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Platelet lipoprotein interplay: trigger of foam cell formation and driver of atherosclerosis
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“Foamy macrophages are abundant in acne lesions (25), as is typical of diseases of lipid metabolism, prominently in atherosclerosis (26), where they have been shown to express TREM2 (27).”
BackgroundHuang, D., Chen, X., Zeng, X., Lao, L., Li, J., Xing, Y., Lu, Y., Ouyang, Q., Chen, J., Yang, L., et al. (2021) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-021-00939-9 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
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“The local production of IL-12 may be stimulated via LAMP3+ DC production of CCL17 in acne lesions (105, 106).”
BackgroundTranscriptional profiling identifies novel regulators of macrophage polarization
Gerrick, K. Y., Gerrick, E. R., Gupta, A. K., Wheelan, S. J., Yegnasubramanian, S., & Jaffee, E. M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208602 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
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“In other studies of skin disease, TREM2 macrophages were not prominent in psoriasis (58, 67), atopic dermatitis (68), and vitiligo (69).”
BackgroundSebum lipids influence macrophage polarization and activation
Lovászi, M., Mattii, M., Eyerich, K., Gácsi, A., Csányi, E., Kovács, D., Rühl, R., Szegedi, A., Kemény, L., Ståhle, M., et al. (2017) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.15754 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
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Enhancement of comedogenic substances by ultraviolet radiation
Mills, O. H., Porte, M., & Kligman, A. (1978) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb01615.x · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Involvement of the SREBP pathway in the mode of action of androgens in sebaceous glands in vivo
Rosignoli, C., Nicolas, J., Jomard, A., & Michel, S. (2003) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0625.2003.00014.x · Cited by 76 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Its production is regulated by androgens (19) and hence coincides with the onset of acne at puberty.”
BackgroundCXCL16 is a novel mediator of the innate immunity of epidermal keratinocytes
Tohyama, M., Sayama, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Hanakawa, Y., Shirakata, Y., Dai, X., Yang, L., Tokumaru, S., Nagai, H., Hirakawa, S., et al. (2007) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxm083 · Cited by 67 · cited 3× · see citing works
“L. R. Portugal, L. R. Fernandes, V. S. Pietra Pedroso, H. C. Santiago, R. T. Gazzinelli, J. I. Alvarez-Leite, Influence of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor on lipid composition, inflammation and parasitism during Toxoplasma gondii infection.”
BackgroundInfluentialIκBζ augments IL-12- and IL-18-mediated IFN-γ production in human NK cells.
Kannan, Y., Yu, J.-H., Raices, R., Seshadri, S., Wei, M., Caligiuri, M., & Wewers, M. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2010-07-294702 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
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Sissaoui, S., Yu, J., Yan, A.-M., Li, R., Yukselen, O., Kucukural, A., Zhu, L., & Lawson, N. (2020) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.119.316075 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Acne in Victorian adolescents: Associations with age, gender, puberty and psychiatric symptoms
Kilkenny, M., Stathakis, V., Hibbert, M. D., Patton, G., Caust, J., & Bowes, G. (1997) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1997.tb01635.x · Cited by 64
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Xue, D., Tabib, T., Morse, C., & Lafyatis, R. (2019) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.11.012 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Chenivesse, C., & Tsicopoulos, A. (2018) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.023 · Cited by 47
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Self-citationEnzymes in the Cholesterol Synthesis Pathway: Interactomics in the Cancer Context
Ershov, P., Kaluzhskiy, L. A., Mezentsev, Y. V., Yablokov, E. O., Gnedenko, O. V., & Ivanov, A. S. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9080895 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fernando, I. P. S., Sanjeewa, K. K. A., Samarakoon, K. W., Lee, W. W., Kim, H.-S., & Jeon, Y.-J. (2018) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/jfbc.12628 · Cited by 46 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Squalene has also been found to reduce intracellular ROS as well as ultraviolet-induced ROS levels in cultured cells (91).”
BackgroundHalvorsen, J., Dalgard, F., Thoresen, M., Bjertness, E., & Lien, L. (2009) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-340 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Ramsey, M. E., Hyde, J. A., Medina-Pérez, D. N., Lin, T., Gao, L., Lundt, M. E., Li, X., Norris, S. J., Skare, J. T., & Hu, L. T. (2017) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006225 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Lopez, D., Montoya, D. J., Ambrose, M., Lam, L., Briscoe, L., Adams, C., Modlin, R. L., & Pellegrini, M. A. (2017) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4167-7 · Cited by 45 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We further evaluated the annotation of the TREM2 macrophages in acne lesions by comparing the subcluster signature with a curated set of 100 defined macrophage signatures from previously published studies including the seven scRNA-seq studies of TREM2 macrophages in diseases of altered limited metabolism (47–53) and t…”
MethodSelf-citationTörőcsik, D., Kovács, D., Póliska, S., Szentkereszty-Kovács, Z., Lovászi, M., Hegyi, K., Szegedi, A., Zouboulis, C. C., & Ståhle, M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198323 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Ma, F.-Y., Hughes, T., Teles, R. M. B., Andrade, P., Silva, B. J. D. A., Plazyo, O., Tsoi, L., Tran, D., Wadsworth, M., Oulee, A., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.12.01.406819 · Cited by 43 · cited 4× · see citing works
“However, TREM2 macrophages may contribute to homeostasis in resting hair follicles (52), immunosuppression in cancer (110), and progressive infection in leprosy (66) such that studies are needed to characterize the functional spectrum of TREM2 macrophage responses in different disease states.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationCD209+ Macrophages Mediate Host Defense against Propionibacterium acnes
Liu, P. T., Phan, J., Tang, D. H., Kanchanapoomi, M., Hall, B. E., Krutzik, S. R., & Kim, J. J. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.7.4919 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationGerber, P., Hevezi, P., Buhren, B., Martinez, C., Schrumpf, H., Gasis, M., Grether-Beck, S., Krutmann, J., Homey, B., & Zlotnik, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063949 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein increases osteopontin expression by generation of oxidative stress.
Maziére, C., Gomila, C., & Mazière, J. (2010) · Free Radical Biology & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.02.022 · Cited by 33 · cited 1× · see citing works
“11 of 16 macrophage scRNA-seq studies and is known to be induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in macrophages (108).”
BackgroundErythromyeloid-Derived TREM2: A Major Determinant of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in Down Syndrome
Raha‐Chowdhury, R., Henderson, J. W., Raha, A. A., Stott, S., Vuono, R., Foscarin, S., Wilson, L. R., Annus, T., Fincham, R., Allinson, K. S. J., et al. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170814 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hoang, H., Nguyen, H., Thom, L., & Dang, H. (2017) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1007/s10529-017-2345-y · Cited by 30 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This is consistent with the reported ability of squalene to induce ABCA1, and APOE expression in murine macrophages (94), with both of the encoding genes part of the acne TREM2 macrophage gene signature.”
ResultSeumois, G., & Vijayanand, P. (2019) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.09.014 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Meox2 haploinsufficiency increases neuronal cell loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Soto, I., Grabowska, W. A., Onos, K. D., Graham, L. C., Jackson, H. M., Simeone, S. N., & Howell, G. R. (2016) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.025 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Epigenetic Regulation of Macrophage Marker Expression Profiles in Kawasaki Disease
Guo, M., Chang, L.-S., Huang, Y.-H., Wang, F.-S., & Kuo, H.-C. (2020) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2020.00129 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Differential Roles of TREM2+ Microglia in Anterograde and Retrograde Axonal Injury Models
Manich, G., Gómez‐López, A. R., Almolda, B., Villacampa, N., Recasens, M., Shrivastava, K., González, B., & Castellano, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.567404 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Common Pathogenesis of Acne Vulgaris and Atherosclerosis
Jiang, H., & Li, C.-Y. (2018) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-018-0863-y · Cited by 25 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Foamy macrophages are abundant in acne lesions (25), as is typical of diseases of lipid metabolism, prominently in atherosclerosis (26), where they have been shown to express TREM2 (27).”
BackgroundVIII.—Spinacene: a new hydrocarbon from certain fish liver oils
Chapman, A. (n.d.) · doi:10.1039/ct9171100056 · Cited by 16
Ahmadvand, A., Yazdanfar, A., Yasrebifar, F., Mohammadi, Y., Mahjub, R., & Mehrpooya, M. (2019) · Current Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1574884713666180821143545 · Cited by 13
XC.—Spinacene: its oxidation and decomposition
Chapman, A. (1923) · Journal of the Chemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1039/ct9232300769 · Cited by 11 · cited 1× · see citing works
“acnes by inhibiting the generation of ROS and scavenging oxygen free radicals, consistent with Chapman’s observations in 1917 (97) and 1923 (98) that squalene isolated from shark oil is an ROS scavenger.”
BackgroundPreventing psychological distress in patients with acne.
Mooney, T. (2014) · Nursing Standard · doi:10.7748/ns2014.01.28.22.42.e8166 · Cited by 10
Dietary Vitamin A Impacts Refractory Telogen
Suo, L., VanBuren, C. A., Hovland, E. D., Kedishvili, N. Y., Sundberg, J. P., & Everts, H. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.571474 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Peters, J. M., Blainey, P. C., & Bryson, B. D. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.08.06.240424 · Cited by 7 · cited 2× · see citing works
“We detected four distinct gene patterns along the pseudotime trajectory (table S15), which we interrogated using the 20 myeloid transcriptional subpopulations derived from scRNA-seq studies of lung (79).”
MethodSelf-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 117 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Sorted by citations
Colonna, M. (2023) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-023-00837-1 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Self-citationBile acid signaling in the regulation of whole body metabolic and immunological homeostasis
Jia, W. P., Li, Y., Cheung, K. C.-P., & Zheng, X. (2023) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-023-2353-0 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
“Dyslipidemias, a condition of abnormal lipoprotein metabolism, is known to be associated with dermatological disorders involving the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (Do et al., 2022; Kopecky et al., 2017).”
Zhao, L., Chen, J., Bai, B., Song, G.-L., Zhang, J.-W., Yu, H., Huang, S.-W., Wang, Z., & Lu, G.-H. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1333986 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Control of tumor-associated macrophage responses by nutrient acquisition and metabolism
Zhang, X., Ji, L., & Li, M. O. (2023) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2022.12.003 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
TREM2 regulates microglial lipid droplet formation and represses post-ischemic brain injury
Wei, W., Zhang, L., Xin, W., Pan, Y., Tatenhorst, L., Hao, Z., Gerner, S. T., Huber, S., Juenemann, M., Butz, M., et al. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115962 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Canfrán‐Duque, A., Rotllán, N., Zhang, X., Andrés‐Blasco, I., Thompson, B. M., Sun, J., Price, N. L., Fernández‐Fuertes, M., Fowler, J. W., Gómez‐Coronado, D., et al. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.122.059062 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Targeting Inflammation in Acne: Current Treatments and Future Prospects
Cruz, S. A., Vecerek, N., & Elbuluk, N. (2023) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.1007/s40257-023-00789-1 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Air pollution and skin diseases: A comprehensive evaluation of the associated mechanism.
Gu, X., Li, Z., & Su, J. (2024) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116429 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
TREM2 promotes cholesterol uptake and foam cell formation in atherosclerosis
Guo, X. Q., Li, B., Wen, C., Zhang, F. S., Xiang, X., Nie, L., Chen, J., & Mao, L. (2023) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-023-04786-9 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“reported that TREM2-positive macrophages promote foam cell formation in acne lesions [44].”
BackgroundA review of skin immune processes in acne
Jin, Z., Song, Y., & He, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1324930 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
TREM2: A new player in the tumor microenvironment
Molgora, M., Liu, Y. A., Colonna, M., & Cella, M. (2023) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2023.101739 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationFu, M., Shu, S., Peng, Z., Liu, X., Chen, X., Zeng, Z., Yang, Y., Cui, H., Zhao, R., Wang, X., et al. (2023) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.123.319828 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“45,46 The Ma_4 was a classic monocyte because the cluster highly expressed the epidermal growth factor–encoding genes EREG and AREG , the matrix glycoprotein-encoding gene THBS1 , and the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-encoding gene VCAN .”
BackgroundThe Landscape of SPP1 + Macrophages Across Tissues and Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Palma, A. (2025) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.13952 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Understanding the complex macrophage landscape in MASLD
Ponti, F. F. D., Liu, Z., & Scott, C. L. (2024) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101196 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Functional diversity of cardiac macrophages in health and disease
Yang, S. H., Penna, V. R., & Lavine, K. J. (2025) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-024-01109-8 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Association of different cell types and inflammation in early acne vulgaris
Huang, L., Yang, S., Yu, X., Fang, F., Zhu, L., Wang, L., Zhang, X., Changzhi, Y., Qian, Q., & Zhu, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1275269 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Steele, L., Olabi, B., Roberts, K., Mazin, P., Koplev, S., Tudor, C. L., Rumney, B. M., Admane, C., Jiang, T., Correa‐Gallegos, D., et al. (2025) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-025-02267-8 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationSeq-Scope: Repurposing Illumina sequencing flow cells for high-resolution spatial transcriptomics
Kim, Y., Cheng, W., Cho, C.-S., Hwang, Y., Si, Y., Park, A., Schrank, M., Hsu, J.-E., Anacleto, A., Xi, J., et al. (2025) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/s41596-024-01065-0 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“20 and 21).”
InfluentialSelf-citationSeiringer, P., Hillig, C., Schäbitz, A., Jargosch, M., Pilz, A. C., Eyerich, S., Szegedi, A., Sochorová, M., Грубер, Ф., Zouboulis, C. C., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1334844 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Skin microbiome and dermatologic disorders
Scharschmidt, T. C., & Segre, J. A. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci184315 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Dermal adipocytes and preadipocytes can be important sources of antimicrobial peptides (15, 70), while fibroblasts can promote neutrophil recruitment via release of CXCL12 and other ligands following IL-17 sensing (71).”
Heterogeneity of macrophages in atherosclerosis revealed by single‐cell RNA sequencing
Yu, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, C., Wu, X., Wang, S., Sui, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., & Zhang, M. (2023) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202201932rr · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Functional diversity of disorder-specific macrophages involved in various diseases
Mitsui, Y., & Satoh, T. (2025) · Inflammation and Regeneration · doi:10.1186/s41232-025-00390-5 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“While TREM2 + TAMs are potentially induced by human lipids and by the local presence of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and CSF-1, which are abundant in tumor tissues, their transcriptional and epigenetic regulation is still not comprehensively understood [62, 69].”
Liu, P., Liu, X.-J., Zhang, L.-L., Yan, G.-R., Zhang, H.-Y., Xu, D.-T., Wu, Y., Zhang, G.-L., Wang, P.-R., Zeng, Q.-Y., et al. (2022) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115403 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Yin, P., Chen, M., Rao, M., Lin, Y., Zhang, M., Xu, R., Hu, X., Chen, R., Chai, W., Huang, X., et al. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202304084 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Gu, X., Kang, H., Cao, S.-Y., Tong, Z., & Song, N. (2024) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.02.16.580779 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal multi-omics: exploring molecular landscapes in aging and regenerative medicine
Chu, L.-X., Wang, W.-J., Gu, X.-P., Wu, P., Gao, C., Zhang, Q., Wu, J., Jiang, D.-W., Huang, J.-Q., Ying, X.-W., et al. (2024) · Military Medical Research · doi:10.1186/s40779-024-00537-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Examples include Nanostring [54, 55], 10 × Visium [56, 57], Slide-seq [41, 58], Slide-seq V2 [57, 59], Stereo-seq [42, 60, 61], Seq-scope [62, 63], and sci-Space [64, 65].”
FICTURE: scalable segmentation-free analysis of submicron-resolution spatial transcriptomics
Si, Y., Lee, C., Hwang, Y., Yun, J. H., Cheng, W., Cho, C., Quirós, M., Nusrat, A., Zhang, W., Jun, G., et al. (2024) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-024-02415-2 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationSpatial omics enters the microscopic realm: opportunities and challenges
Si, Y., Lee, J. S., Jun, G., Kang, H. M., & Lee, J. H. (2025) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2025.05.002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationNakamizo, S., Sugiura, Y., Ishida, Y., Ueki, Y., Yonekura, S., Tanizaki, H., Date, H., Yoshizawa, A., Murata, T., Minatoya, K., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci171088 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Xu, Y., Hillman, H., Chang, M., Barrow, F., Ivanov, S., Revelo, X. S., & Williams, J. W. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-08387-z · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“This homeostatic function contributes to metabolic and immune stability of tissues and ensures healthy energy storage and usage 10,26 – 28 .”
Feng, Y., Li, J., Mo, X., & Ju, Q. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355455 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
FICTURE: Scalable segmentation-free analysis of submicron resolution spatial transcriptomicsPreprint
Si, Y.-C., Lee, C., Hwang, Y., Yun, J. H., Cheng, W., Cho, C.-S., Quirós, M., Nusrat, A., Zhang, W., Jun, G., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.11.04.565621 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“The Seq-Scope procedure was performed on the injured colon sample as previously described 8 with minor modifications involving the use of the Illumina HiSeq 2500 flow cells and chemical strategies to increase RNA sequence capture 38 .”
MethodSelf-citationHuo, T., Zhou, L.-P., Bian, X.-C., & Wen, Y. (2025) · Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials · doi:10.1007/s42114-025-01336-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Epithelial dendritic cells vs. Langerhans cells: Implications for mucosal vaccines.
Vine, E. E., Austin, P. J., O'Neil, T. R., Nasr, N., Bertram, K. M., Cunningham, A., & Harman, A. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113977 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Dainichi, T., & Iwata, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274270 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“In acne, factors other than the five major components of EIME, such as pre-adipocytes and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) macrophages, have also been suggested (73, 74).”
Single-cell spatial transcriptomics unravels the cellular landscape of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Zhao, G., Cho, C.-S., Liu, H., Hwang, Y., Si, Y.-C., Kim, M., Deng, Y., Zhao, Y., Xue, C., Guo, Y.-H., et al. (2025) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.190534 · Cited by 18
Self-citationThe metabolic underpinnings of sebaceous lipogenesis
Schmidt, M., Binder, H., & Schneider, M. R. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-08105-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Function and mechanism of TREM2 in bacterial infection
Wu, Z., Yang, S., Fang, X., Shu, Q., & Chen, Q. (2024) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011895 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“In addition, multiple gene analysis datasets reveal that genes regulated by TREM2 are significantly correlated with phagosome and lysosome functions [25,29].”
BackgroundInfluentialInamo, J., Fierkens, R., Clay, M. R., Jonsson, A. H., Lin, C., Hayes, K., Rogers, N. D., Leach, H., & Yomogida, K. (2025) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.198074 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Marker genes for each subcluster are listed in Supplemental Table 2, and spatial visualization of annotated cell clusters on histological sections are provided in Supplemental Data 1–9 in an interactive format.”
TREM2 mediates MHCII-associated CD4+ T cell response against gliomas
Zheng, J.-Y., Wang, L.-X., Zhao, S., Zhang, W., Chang, Y., Dheer, A., Gao, S., Xu, S., Ayasoufi, K., Al-Kharboosh, R., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.04.05.535697 · Cited by 17
Application of spatial transcriptome technologies to neurological diseases
Ya, D., Zhang, Y., Cui, Q., Jiang, Y., Yang, J., Tian, N., Xiang, W., Lin, X., Li, Q., & Liao, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2023.1142923 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“The second step involves capturing mRNAs released by the tissue from the physical array, reverse transcribed to obtain cDNA, followed by the synthesis of secondary strands using random primers, PCR collection and preparation of secondary strand sequencing libraries, and finally a paired-end sequencing to obtain cDNA s…”
MethodHoover, P., Raparia, C., Lieb, D., Tzur, Y., Kang, J. B., Arazi, A., Leavitt, R., Mishra, R., Shah, S. I., Simmons, D. P., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20241873 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hao, W., Chen, S.-W., Chao, H., Li, Z.-H., Yang, H., Chen, D., Li, S., Zhang, S., Zhang, J., Wang, J.-R., et al. (2025) · Advancement of science · doi:10.1002/advs.202500952 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W. O., Qin, M., To, T., Brewer, G. M., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Cheng, C. E., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/s12964-024-01725-4 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“The distinctions between these two types of flow cells can be found in [6].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationLiang, T., Wu, Y.-G., Zeng, Q., Wu, Y.-F., Zhai, D., Zheng, Z., Li, Y.-M., Xu, Y., Peng, Y., Zhu, H.-X., et al. (2025) · International journal of pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125411 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Zhu, M., Wu, S.-H., & Zheng, H. (2022) · Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · doi:10.2147/ccid.s392165 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“The latest data indicate that the pathogenesis of acne shares features of other metabolic diseases in which TREM2 macrophages and lipid dysregulation are prominent.(68) Acne and the above diseases have many common pathogenesis mechanisms, and there is the possibility of comorbidity.”
BackgroundFunaguma, S., Iida, A., Saito, Y., Tanboon, J., Reyes, F. D. L. D. L., Sonehara, K., Goto, Y.-I., Okada, Y., Hayashi, S., & Nishino, I. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56567-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Liu, L., Xue, Y., Chen, J.-Y., Li, Y.-X., Chen, T.-Q., Pan, X., Zhong, J.-D., Shao, X., Chen, Y.-M., & Chen, J. (2023) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2023.109773 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Deciphering metabolic reprogramming of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment
Wang, Y., Chen, W., Wang, Z., Cai, S., Zhao, X., Jin, J., Gao, T., & Qu, J. (2025) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-025-07069-y · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Recent studies have identified triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) as a key regulator of lipid homeostasis in macrophages [19, 20].”
Buffa, D. J., O’Neil, T. R., Vine, E. E., Sarkawt, L., van Dijk, F. A. W., Dong, O. A., Nasr, N., Cunningham, A. L., Bertram, K. M., & Harman, A. N. (2025) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1013490 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
van Steensel, M. V. (2025) · Annals of Human Genetics · doi:10.1111/ahg.70014 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“This observation aligns with recent work that suggested a pivotal role for macrophages in the pathogenesis of acne (Do et al. 2022).”
Metabolic adaption of mucosal macrophages: Is metabolism a driver of persistence across tissues?
Bennett, C. L., & Perona‐Wright, G. (2023) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.06.006 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“These cells have been linked to pathology in the context of dysregulated cutaneous lipids in acne development 97 .”
BackgroundCurrent insights into skin lipids and their roles in cutaneous health and disease
Nicolaou, A., & Kendall, A. (2022) · Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000902 · Cited by 11
Mao, R., Zhang, T., Yang, Z., & Li, J. (2024) · Psoriasis Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ptt.s492205 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Hsu, J.-E., Ruiz, L. P., Hwang, Y., Guzman, S. D., Cho, C.-S., Cheng, W., Si, Y.-C., Macpherson, P., Anacleto, A., Zhao, Q., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.02.26.582103 · Cited by 10
“After our initial publication of Seq-Scope, which utilized a MiSeq flow cell to monitor 1 mm diameter circles [20], we expanded its applicability to include a HiSeq flow cell [21], providing a wider imaging area of 1.5 mm x 60 mm in a rectangular shape.”
InfluentialSelf-citationUnderstanding Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Crosstalk with the Microbiota: A Skin Connection
To, T., Oparaugo, N. C., Kheshvadjian, A. R., Nelson, A. M., & Agak, G. W. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25042021 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“In skin, TREM2 macrophages induced by sebaceous lipids have been shown to contribute to acne [53].”
BackgroundPPY‐Induced iCAFs Cultivate an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer
Cao, M.-D., Peng, W., Cheng, B., Wang, R., Chen, W., Liu, L.-Y., Huang, H., Chen, S.-R., Cui, H.-C., Liang, J.-W., et al. (2025) · Advancement of science · doi:10.1002/advs.202413432 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Avalos, B., Kulbe, J. R., Ford, M. K., Laird, A. E., Walter, K., Mante, M., Florio, J. B., Boustani, A., Chaillon, A., Schlachetzki, J. C. M., et al. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16101509 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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Progress on Multiomics Research on Acne Vulgaris: A Literature Review.
Lai, Y.-F., Fan, M.-J., Fan, X., Chen, J., Xiang, L., & Ma, Y. (2025) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2025.02.012 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhou, M., Liu, Y., Xu, H., Chen, X., Zheng, N., Duan, Z., Ge, Y., Li, D., Lin, T., Zeng, R., et al. (2022) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000534704 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Clinically, C. acnes infection caused skin in fl ammation [42 – 44], while whether circRNAs exerted biological functions in the process was unclear.”
BackgroundDurgin, J., Veniaminova, N., Huyge, T. J., Tsai, S.-Y., Fox, J., Cai, Y.-L., Sarkar, M., Tsoi, L., Gudjonsson, J., & Wong, S. Y. (2026) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.198021 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Concordantly, our analysis of an independent scRNA-Seq dataset of inflammatory acne lesions paired with nonlesional controls (26) also revealed reduced KRT10 , reduced expression of retinoid receptors, and increased FABP5 in lesional KCs (Figure 4E).”
InfluentialSelf-citationTsui, J. S. M., Au, D. M., Uhm, H., Wong, W., Lo, R. M. N., Jiang, Y., Ip, F. C. F., Mok, K. Y., Wong, H. Y., Kwok, T. C. Y., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70586 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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“Furthermore, expression of TREM2 correlates with the degree of cellular differentiation, chronic inflammation, and pain response (Do et al. 2022; Cosma et al. 2023; Wu et al. 2023).”
Wu, Y., Liu, X.-J., Zhang, L.-L., Wang, P.-R., Zhang, H.-Y., Yan, J., Yan, Y., Liu, P., Zhao, J.-J., Zeng, Q.-Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2025.01.018 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Deng, S., Mao, R., & He, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1452801 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wang, J., Lu, H., & Li, Q. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1414594 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wang, X., Jiang, M.-T., Bao, H., Huang, R.-Z., Chen, B., Wu, C.-F., Wang, H., Luo, Z.-H., & Li, W. (2025) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2025.117306 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Emerging Techniques in Spatial Multiomics: Fundamental Principles and Applications to Dermatology
Jia, B. B., Sun, B. K., Lee, E. Y., & Ren, B. (2024) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2024.09.006 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Deng, M., Odhiambo, W., Qin, M., To, T., Brewer, G., Kheshvadjian, A., Cheng, C. E., & Agak, G. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4402048/v1 · Cited by 6
Self-citationResearch progress on the role of macrophages in acne and regulation by natural plant products
Zhao, D., Wang, Y., Wu, S., Ji, X., Gong, K. Q., Zheng, H., & Zhu, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383263 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
O'Brien, J. A., Karrasch, J. F., Huang, Y., Vine, E. E., Cunningham, A. L., Harman, A. N., & Austin, P. J. (2023) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003106 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Electrospun Biomaterials for Scarless Acne Wound Healing: Advances and Prospects
Chen, J., Zhou, L., Hang, Z., Bian, X., Huo, T., Peng, B., Li, H., Wen, Y., & Du, H. (2025) · Journal of Functional Biomaterials · doi:10.3390/jfb16090316 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Statistics show that approximately 45 million people worldwide are affected by acne to varying degrees [1], with the prevalence of acne in adolescents estimated to be between 28.9% and 91.3% [2].”
InfluentialLipid metabolism, microglia, and stroke
Chen, L., Zhang, M., Wei, W., Li, Q., Wang, L., Zhao, M., He, L., Xu, H., Yang, P., & Zhang, P. (2025) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01523 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“They exhibit severe cholesteryl esters storage impairment, resulting in the overloading of a variety of lipids within microglia and producing peroxidation-activated pro-inflammatory toxic (Do et al., 2022; Li et al., 2022c).”
The Involvement of IL-34 in Inflammatory and Malignant Skin Diseases.
Dang, T. V. T., Mehdi, A. M., Kumari, S., Khosrotehrani, K., Frazer, I., Hume, D. A., & Chandra, J. (2025) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2025.05.003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Melatonin alleviates oral epithelial cell inflammation via Keap1/Nrf2 signaling
Zhang, N., Wang, W., Zhang, R., Liu, Y.-X., Wang, Y.-M., Bai, Y., & Li, C.-C. (2025) · International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1177/03946320251318147 · Cited by 5
An, L.-P., Gong, N., Hu, T., Wang, L., Zhang, M., Huang, M., Chen, G., Tang, T., & Liu, X. (2023) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s419161 · Cited by 5
“Among these, AV caused by microorganisms has attracted adequate interest in recent years.(5) The human skin microbiome host a wide variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.”
BackgroundTREM2 Deficiency Regulates Macrophage Apoptosis and Repair in Radiation-Induced Skin Injury
Chen, Z., cai, S., Li, P., Zhou, Z., Huang, Z., Deng, J., Jin, L., Luo, Z., Fan, D., Zhou, J., et al. (2025) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.1018 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Accumulating evidence suggests that Trem2 + macrophages represent a specialized regulatory subset particularly relevant in fibrosis, neuroinflammation, and metabolic diseases [ 42 , 49 , 50 ].”
Immune Activation and Glycolytic Responses to Cutibacterium acnes Cell Wall Polysaccharides
Qin, M., Evron, E., Tran, P., Deng, M., Nelson, A. M., Kim, J. J., & Agak, G. (2025) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2025.03.045 · Cited by 4
Self-citationChi, Y., Yang, X., Deng, D., Li, P.-M., & Zhang, Y.-B. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0329150 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Additionally, MTNR1A plays a stronger role in local anti-inflammatory responses, including suppression of IL-6 and IL-1 β and modulation of macrophage activity [22,23].”
Shen, H.-L., He, J., & Lin, F. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1546292 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Papakonstantinou, D., Wang, H., Bani, M. A., Mulder, K., Dunsmore, G., Boilève, A., Jules-Clément, G., Panunzi, L. G., de Sousa, L. R., de la Calle‐Fabregat, C., et al. (2025) · Cancer Treatment and Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.100939 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
In vitro immunomodulatory effects of Caryocar villosum oil on murine macrophages
Galué-Parra, A. J., de Moraes, L. S., Hage, A. A. P., de Sena, C. B. C., do Nascimento, J. L. M., & da Silva, E. O. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117360 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhao, C.-X., Wang, S.-L., Li, H.-X., & Li, X. (2023) · Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · doi:10.2147/ccid.s436776 · Cited by 3
Targeting macrophages in liver fibrosis
González del Barrio, L., Ipsen, D. H., Pfister, D. R., Hancz, D., & Scott, C. L. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1835489 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Integrating Dermocosmetics Into Acne Care in Latin America
Troielli, P., Moreno, J., Cortés, A. A., Cárdenas, P., Kerob, D., Gamarra, A., & Dréno, B. (2026) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.70776 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhao, D., Liu, J.-C., Hou, L.-L., Yang, L., Liu, G.-T., Wang, C.-T., Zhang, X.-S., Huo, Y., & Wen, Y.-Q. (2025) · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5c14205 · Cited by 2
DNA Methylation at cg18095732 Modulates ZDHHC20 Expression and Decreases Acne Vulgaris Risk
Gong, K., Ji, X.-T., Wu, S.-H., Zhao, D., & Zhu, M.-F. (2025) · Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · doi:10.2147/ccid.s552840 · Cited by 2
“3,4 7 S-palmitoylation is a reversible enzymatic modification in which palmitate, a saturated 16-carbon fatty acid, is covalently attached to cysteine residues through thioester bonds, 8,9 thereby influencing their stability, localization, and function.”
Insights into early acne pathogenesis: Exploring intercellular dynamics and key dysregulated genes
Deng, M., Farahani, K., & Agak, G. (2025) · Cell signaling · doi:10.46439/signaling.3.053 · Cited by 2
Fang, M., Lei, J., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1385948 · Cited by 2
“Research has shown that TREM2 macrophages, induced by human lipids, drive inflammation in acne lesions (32).”
BackgroundJiang, Y.-C., Gou, Y.-Q., Shen, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, W., Wu, Y.-Y., Liu, L.-T., Fang, S., Hu, M.-T., Wang, W.-N., et al. (2026) · Advances in Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.74168 · Cited by 1
Lai, Y., Fan, M., Fan, X., Liu, Y., Chen, J., Xiang, L. F., & Ma, Y. (2026) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2026.07.015
Du, K., Yang, Z.-R., Qi, L., Hou, D.-D., Suo, H.-N., Qu, F., Chen, Q., Fan, J.-W., Li, T., Tao, J., et al. (2026) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202512378 · Cited by 1
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Bullous Pemphigoid Develops Independently of DAP12
Pigors, M., Patzelt, S., Brudey, M., Emtenani, S., Khil'chenko, S., Kamaguchi, M., Reichhelm, N., Parker, M., Bieber, K., Ludwig, R. J., et al. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15111549 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“These data align with the notion that TREM2 functions mainly in lipid homeostasis and hair growth rather than in autoantibody-driven inflammation [17,38,39].”
Impact of urinary PAHs on psoriasis risk in U.S. adults: Insights from NHANES
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“Seq-Scope array was prepared as described previously [14–16].”
Self-citation
- Authors
- Do, T. H., Ma, F., Andrade, P. R., Teles, R., de Andrade Silva, B. J., Hu, C., Espinoza, A., Hsu, J.-E., Cho, C.-S., Kim, M., Xi, J., Xing, X., Plazyo, O., Tsoi, L. C., Cheng, C., Kim, J., Bryson, B. D., O’Neill, A. M., Colonna, M., Gudjonsson, J. E., Klechevsky, E., Lee, J. H., Gallo, R. L., Bloom, B. R., Pellegrini, M., & Modlin, R. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles,, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- University of Michigan (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Modlin, Robert L.
- ORCID
- Do, Tran H.
- Ma, Feiyang
- Andrade, Priscila R.
- Teles, Rosane
- de Andrade Silva, Bruno J.
- Hu, Chanyue
- Espinoza, Alejandro
- Hsu, Jer-En
- Cho, Chun-Seok
- Kim, Myungjin
- Xing, Xianying
- Plazyo, Olesya
- Tsoi, Lam C.
- Cheng, Carol
- Bryson, Bryan D.
- O’Neill, Alan M.
- Colonna, Marco
- Gudjonsson, Johann E.
- Klechevsky, Eynav
- Lee, Jun Hee
- Gallo, Richard L.
- Bloom, Barry R.
- Pellegrini, Matteo
- Modlin, Robert L.
- Venue
- Science Immunology
- Published
- 2022-07-29
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 73
- Pages
- eabo2787-eabo2787
- ISSN
- 2470-9468 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9400695
- OpenAlex
- W4286587078
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 27.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute (P30AR075043)
- China Scholarship Council
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (K01AG061236, T32AG000114)
- National Cancer Institute (UG3CA268091, R01CA245277)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM008042)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI022553)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK056341)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR074302, R01AR073252, T32AR071307, R01AR075959, R01AR040312, P30AR075043, P50AR080594)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
- Keywords
- acne, TREM2+ macrophages, squalene, Propionibacterium acnes, lipid metabolism, macrophage differentiation, squalene epoxidase, hair follicle epithelium, oxidative stress, benzoyl peroxide, inflammation, acne pathogenesis, unsaturated lipids
- MeSH terms
- Acne Vulgaris, Humans, Inflammation, Lipids, Macrophages, Membrane Glycoproteins, Receptors, Immunologic, Squalene
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