Nanoparticles for direct nose-to-brain delivery of drugs
Abstract
This review aims to evaluate the evidence for the existence of a direct nose-to-brain delivery route for nanoparticles administered to the nasal cavity and transported via the olfactory epithelium and/or via the trigeminal nerves directly to the CNS. This is relevant in the field of drug delivery as well as for new developments in nanotechnology. Experiments in animal models have shown that nano-sized drug delivery systems can enhance nose-to-brain delivery of drugs compared to equivalent drug solutions formulations. Protection of the drug from degradation and/or efflux back into the nasal cavity may partly be the reason for this effect of nanoparticles. It is uncertain, however, whether drug from the nanoparticles is being released in the nasal cavity or the nanoparticles carrying the drug are transported via the olfactory system or the trigeminal nerves into the CNS where the drug is released. Furthermore, toxicity of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems in the nasal cavity and/or in the CNS has not been extensively studied and needs to be considered carefully.
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Through the nasal route, a drug can access the brain directly along the trigeminal and olfactory nerves located in the upper part of the nasal cavity.
“Through the nasal route, the drug can access the brain directly along the trigeminal and olfactory nerves, which are located in the upper part of the nasal cavity.”
From Nanoemulsions for “Nose-to-Brain” Drug Delivery (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
Olfactory and trigeminal pathways are the only routes by which the brain is connected to the outside environment.
“Olfactory and trigeminal pathways are the only routes by which the brain is connected to the outside environment [8,9].”
From Nanoemulsions for “Nose-to-Brain” Drug Delivery (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Mistry, A., Stolnik, S., & Illum, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Illum, Lisbeth
- ORCID
- Mistry, Alpesh
- Venue
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 379
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 146-157
- ISSN
- 0378-5173 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2113945122
- Cited by
- 734
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 2.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Pharmaceutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- nose-to-brain delivery, nanoparticles, intranasal drug delivery, olfactory epithelium, trigeminal nerve, brain drug delivery, nanoparticle toxicity, drug degradation, nanocarriers
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Intranasal, Animals, Biological Transport, Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Humans, Drug Delivery Systems, Nanotechnology, Nanoparticles, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
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