The DOI matches its Crossref record; 160 of the 160 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The neural basis of human moral cognition
Abstract
Moral cognitive neuroscience is an emerging field of research that focuses on the neural basis of uniquely human forms of social cognition and behaviour. Recent functional imaging and clinical evidence indicates that a remarkably consistent network of brain regions is involved in moral cognition. These findings are fostering new interpretations of social behavioural impairments in patients with brain dysfunction, and require new approaches to enable us to understand the complex links between individuals and society. Here, we propose a cognitive neuroscience view of how cultural and context-dependent knowledge, semantic social knowledge and motivational states can be integrated to explain complex aspects of human moral cognition.
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“Another area that is conjectured to be associated with the emotional response is the temporal cortex (Heekeren et al., 2005; Moll et al., 2005).”
From TMS affects moral judgment, showing the role of DLPFC and TPJ in cognitive and emotional processing (2014) · cites this paper as Moll et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“In earlier studies, the cingulate cortex was found to be involved in the emotional response (Greene et al., 2001; Moll et al., 2005).”
From TMS affects moral judgment, showing the role of DLPFC and TPJ in cognitive and emotional processing (2014) · cites this paper as Moll et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“Moral emotion deficits are not unique to patients with ventromedial lesions.Patients with lesions to mesolimbic and basal forebrain regions may also exhibit morally inappropriate behaviour (Moll et al, 2005).”
From Affective Cognition and its Disruption in Mood Disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Moll et al, 2005
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Self-citationSocial attachment and aversion in human moral cognition
Moll, J., & Schulkin, J. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.12.001 · Cited by 141
“…primitive forms of pleasure and social bonding operate in highly complex social situations associated with human cooperation, neural systems underlying aversive responses related to physical properties of odors and foods seem to have been adapted to sustain social disapproval (Moll et al., 2005a).”
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“Oppositely, the psychological mechanism involved in judgment is an impersonal evaluation of domain-general contextual information strongly influenced by cultural norms and secondary prosocial emotions integration (Moll et al., 2005; Tassy et al., 2012).”
BackgroundFlinn, M. V., Nepomnaschy, P. A., Muehlenbein, M. P., & Ponzi, D. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.01.005 · Cited by 125
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“…depends on the mutually competitive roles of 'cognitive' and 'emotional' elements of the moral judgment/default mode network , but may also agree with the non-competitive framework of Moll et al. (2005) proposing the integration of frontal, temporal and limbic elements to guide moral behavior.”
Disrupting the right prefrontal cortex alters moral judgement
Tassy, S., Oullier, O., Duclos, Y., Coulon, O., Mancini, J., Deruelle, C., Attarian, S., Felician, O., & Wicker, B. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsr008 · Cited by 139
“In our view, the right DLPFc would code for secondary emotions necessary to implement behaviour relying on external guidance (Moll et al., 2005) and abstract rules processing (Passingham et al., 2010).”
BackgroundMoll, J., Zahn, R., de Oliveira‐Souza, R., Bramati, I. E., Krüeger, F., Tura, B. R., Cavanagh, A. L., & Grafman, J. H. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.026 · Cited by 142
“…invoke social fear, (2) current theoretical models of other-critical emotions include anger and disgust (Haidt, 2003; Rozin et al., 1999), and (3) we had previous evidence from social script studies linking the neural representations of anger and disgust, but not fear (Moll et al., 2005a,b, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationTakahashi, H., Matsuura, M., Koeda, M., Yahata, N., Suhara, T., Kato, M., & Okubo, Y. (2007) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm120 · Cited by 143
“…superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), and temporal poles (Takahashi et al. 2004; Kalat and Shiota 2006), the regions implicated in ToM, social cognition (Adolphs 2001; Calarge et al. 2003; Frith U and Frith CD 2003; Gallagher and Frith 2003), and moral judgment (Greene and Haidt 2002; Moll et al. 2005).”
BackgroundDeontological and altruistic guilt: evidence for distinct neurobiological substrates
Basile, B., Mancini, F., Macaluso, E., Caltagirone, C., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Bozzali, M. (2011) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21009 · Cited by 133
“Further, activation in the medial prefrontal cortex was observed in subjects experiencing moral sentiments, and also when viewing other people sad face [for reviews, see Moll et al., 2005a, and Moll et al., 2005b].”
BackgroundSensory and semantic category subdivisions within the anterior temporal lobes
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“The Morality dimension characterizes the social mores that govern behavior which have been hypothesized to reflect a cognitive emotional association complex which can be represented across the prefrontal cortex and limbic system (Moll et al., 2005).”
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“Functional neuroimaging studies of moral appraisal have identified a consistent set of brain regions that are involved in processing different types of moral stimuli including moral dilemmas, statements and pictures (Greene and Haidt, 2002; Moll et al., 2005; Raine and Yang, 2006).”
BackgroundHow to Conduct a Functional Magnetic Resonance (fMRI) Study in Social Science Research1
Dimoka, A. (2012) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.2307/41703482 · Cited by 128
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“Most of this work takes the view that moral judgment involves multiple evaluative processes operating at different time-scales and levels of complexity (Greene and Haidt, 2002; Moll et al., 2005).”
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Mendez, M. F. (2009) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900023853 · Cited by 130
Civai, C., Corradi‐Dell’Acqua, C., Gamer, M., & Rumiati, R. I. (2009) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2009.09.001 · Cited by 122
“A wealth of studies have hypothesized an emotional pathway in the brain that seems to operate in many types of decisional processes, including moral judgment ( Moll, Zahn, de Oliveira-Souza, Krueger, & Grafman, 2005, for a review) and economical decision-making (Pillutla & Murninghan, 1996; Sanfey et al., 2003), that…”
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“Vila-Henninger (2015) summarizes a large body of scholarship from cognitive neuroscience supporting a default interventionist interpretation (e.g., Greene 2007; Moll et al. 2005; Paxton, Ungar, and Greene 2012; Squire 2004).”
Background“Doing well by doing good”? Ambivalent moral framing in organizations
Kreps, T. A., & Monin, B. (2011) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2011.09.008 · Cited by 129
“Lesions to the ventral prefrontal cortex at an early age are particularly damaging for later moral functioning, which suggests that these areas are primarily useful in the acquisition of moral values through ‘‘social-emotional contextual knowledge’’ (Moll et al., 2005).”
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Neuroticism and psychopathy predict brain activation during moral and nonmoral emotion regulation
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“The same procedure was used for brain regions associated with moral processing (the MPFC and posterior cingulate), in which coordinates were obtained from previous morality studies reporting activations in these regions (Greene, Nystrom, Engell, Darley, & Cohen, 2004; Greene, Sommer ville, Nystrom, Darley, & Cohen, 20…”
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“This sub-region is activated during the experiencing of anger or indignation (Wicker et al., 2003; Moll et al., 2005), and when perceiving or assessing painful situations in others (Jackson et al., 2005).”
BackgroundBinney, R. J., & Ramsey, R. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.030 · Cited by 113
“Frith, 2003), morality (Moll et al., 2005) and processing of affect (Wicker et al.”
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“Disgust is not a combination of envy and pity or a lack of pride; more important it is not even a uniquely social emotion, as it can target inanimate objects (Moll et al., 2005).”
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“In this connection, the cortical and subcortical neurological mechanisms underlying those processes (see Moll et al., 2005) become legitimate interests, not as primal causes but as mediators between situational features of the organization and moral cognition and behaviour that provide important…”
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“2011) and explorations of whether part or all of the ATLs specifically code social concepts, including person knowledge and emotion concepts (Seidenberg et al. 2002; Glosser et al. 2003; Moll et al. 2005; Zahn et al. 2009; Skipper et al. 2011).”
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“…findings between the real and hypothetical conditions but also it is consistent with the more general theoretical consensus regarding human moral cognition (Moll et al., 2005), which emphasizes how lower order regions like the amygdala modulate higher order rational processes (Dalgleish, 2004).”
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“Moral behavior has been hypothesized to reflect cognitive-emotional association complexes represented across a prefrontal cortex-temporo-limbic network (Moll et al., 2005), and moral concepts have been shown to be particularly vulnerable in patients with frontotemporal dementia (Zahn et al.”
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“characterized moral emotions as the product of ‘contextual social knowledge’, integrating event knowledge, social semantic knowledge, and emotional/motivational states.(6)”
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Dimoka, A., Pavlou, P. A., & Davis, F. D. (2007) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 108
The multidimensionality of abstract concepts: A systematic review
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“The color-coding in the figure above loosely reflects key brain regions lated processing; blue, other-related processing; red, motivations, ed in black) integrates these distributed inputs toward an ultimate gions depicted in this figure are not intended to be an exhaustive list of (For example, the posterior cingulat…”
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“…Greene and Haidt, 2002; Casebeer, 2003; Greene, 2003; Fellows, 2004; Glimcher and Rustichini, 2004; O’Doherty, 2004, 2007; Sanfey and Cohen, 2004; Moll et al., 2005; Roberts, 2006; Sanfey et al., 2006; Volz et al., 2006; Coricelli et al., 2007; Sanfey, 2007; Wallis, 2007; Frith and Singer,…”
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“Similarly, the medial prefrontal cortex has been associated with social and moral reasoning [Moll et al., 2005; Van Overwalle, 2011].”
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“We expect that the region of ventral medial prefrontal cortex frequently implicated in moral decision-making studies [78,79] may be sensitive to top-down construals instigated by higher-order control processes implemented by the fronto-parietal network [28,80,81].”
The neural bases of key competencies of emotional intelligence
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“…of frontal white matter in conjunction with late GM maturation of frontal cortex (Gogtay et al., 2004; Sowell et al., 2004) may serve as a scaffold for higher cognitive functions (Shaw et al., 2006a; Casey et al., 2005; Moll et al., 2005; Blakemore and Choudhury, 2006; Jung and Haier, 2007).”
BackgroundTMS affects moral judgment, showing the role of DLPFC and TPJ in cognitive and emotional processing
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“Another area that is conjectured to be associated with the emotional response is the temporal cortex (Heekeren et al., 2005; Moll et al., 2005).”
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Self-citationZamboni, G., Gozzi, M., Krüeger, F., Duhamel, J., Sirigu, A., & Grafman, J. H. (2009) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470910902860308 · Cited by 91
Self-citationBusiness Ethics: The Promise of Neuroscience
Robertson, D. C., Voegtlin, C., & Maak, T. (2016) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-016-3312-6 · Cited by 90
“Over time, moral cognition has been relatively consistently associated with a number of brain regions (anterior pre-frontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus, anterior temporal lobes, insula, precuneus, anterior cingulate cortex, and the limbic system) (Moll et al. 2005).”
InfluentialHigh levels of psychopathic traits alters moral choice but not moral judgment
Tassy, S., Deruelle, C., Mancini, J., Leistedt, S., & Wicker, B. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00229 · Cited by 102
Pobric, G., Ralph, M. A. L., & Zahn, R. (2016) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00902 · Cited by 97
Self-citationSantamaría‐García, H. A., Báez, S., Reyes, P. A., Santamaría-García, J., Escudero, J. M. S., Matallana, D., Arévalo, A. L., Sigman, M., García, A. M., & Ibáñez, A. M. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx269 · Cited by 93
“This region is modulated by threat of self-concept, similar to cognitive dissonance (Moll et al., 2005), or social pain (similar to social exclusion) (van Veen et al., 2009).”
Comparing moral judgments of patients with frontotemporal dementia and frontal stroke
Baez, S., Couto, B., Torralva, T., Sposato, L. A., Huepe, D., Montañes, P., Reyes, P., Matallana, D., Vigliecca, N. S., Slachevsky, A., et al. (2014) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.347 · Cited by 93
Outcome-oriented moral evaluation in terrorists
Báez, S., Herrera, E., García, A. M., Manes, F. F., Young, L., & Ibáñez, A. M. (2017) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0118 · Cited by 88
Evolutionary precursors of social norms in chimpanzees: a new approach
von Rohr, C. R., Burkart, J. M., & van Schaik, C. P. (2010) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-010-9240-4 · Cited by 90
“Interestingly, in humans, each of these contexts appear to activate different regions in the brain (Moll et al. 2005).”
BackgroundSchaefer, U., & Bouwmeester, O. (2020) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-020-04520-6 · Cited by 103
Green, S., Lambon Ralph, M. A., Moll, J., Deakin, J. F. W., & Zahn, R. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.135 · Cited by 98
Self-citationThe neurobiology of human aggressive behavior: Neuroimaging, genetic, and neurochemical aspects
Cupaioli, F. A., Zucca, F. A., Caporale, C., Lesch, K., Passamonti, L., & Zecca, L. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110059 · Cited by 94
Sevinc, G., & Spreng, R. N. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087427 · Cited by 92
“According to this view, moral reasoning and emotion depend on associatively linked representations within fronto-temporo-limbic networks [7,56].”
BackgroundEmotion Regulation Using Virtual Environments and Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback
Lorenzetti, V., Melo, B. R. P., Basílio, R., Suo, C., Yücel, M., Tierra-Criollo, C. J., & Moll, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00390 · Cited by 87
“Also, lesion evidence shows abnormal prosocial affect in patients affected by lesions of the septohypothalamic area (13) and by neurological disorders (i.”
BackgroundSelf-citationConflict-dependent dynamic of subthalamic nucleus oscillations during moral decisions
Fumagalli, M., Giannicola, G., Rosa, M., Marceglia, S. R. F., Lucchiari, C., Mrakic‐Sposta, S., Servello, D., Pacchetti, C., Porta, M., Sassi, M., et al. (2010) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2010.515148 · Cited by 92
White, S. F., VanTieghem, M., Brislin, S. J., Sypher, I., Sinclair, S., Pine, D. S., Hwang, S., & Blair, J. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15020250 · Cited by 84
Social neuroscience: undoing the schism between neurology and psychiatry
Ibáñez, A. M., García, A. M., Esteves, S., Yoris, A., Muñoz, É., Reynaldo, L., Pietto, M. L., Adolfi, F., & Manes, F. F. (2016) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2016.1245214 · Cited by 86
“As this function depends on an extended neural network (Moll & Schulkin, 2009; Moll et al., 2005), which is differentially affected at different levels, several conditions present both similar and dis- 690similar impairments.”
BackgroundEffort shapes social cognition and behaviour: A neuro-cognitive framework
Contreras-Huerta, L. S., Pisauro, M. A., & Apps, M. A. J. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.003 · Cited by 91
Müller, J. L., Sommer, M., Döhnel, K., Weber, T., Schmidt‐Wilcke, T., & Hajak, G. (2008) · Behavioral Sciences & the Law · doi:10.1002/bsl.796 · Cited by 85
Jones, O. D., Marois, R., Farah, M. J., & Greely, H. T. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.86144-9 · Cited by 84
Social Preferences and the Brain
Fehr, E. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374176-9.00015-4 · Cited by 84
Sociotopy in the temporoparietal cortex: common versus distinct processes
Bahnemann, M., Dziobek, I., Prehn, K., Wolf, I., & Heekeren, H. R. (2010) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsp045 · Cited by 81
“…are considered part of the functional network involved in moral judgments: the pSTS and TPJ were activated bilaterally and also the IFG, the superior frontal gyrus, the temporal poles and the posterior cingulate cortex (Greene and Haidt, 2002; Moll et al., 2005; Prehn and Heekeren, forthcoming).”
BackgroundHow should I decide? The neural correlates of everyday moral reasoning
Sommer, M., Rothmayr, C., Döhnel, K., Meinhardt, J., Schwerdtner, J., Sodian, B., & Hajak, G. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.023 · Cited by 86
“…decisions are associated with increased activity in a variety of brain areas including the lateral and medial frontal cortex, the anterior temporal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex and limbic structures such as thalamus and amygdala (Casebeer, 2003; Greene & Haidt, 2002; Moll et al., 2005).”
BackgroundNeural Correlates of Moral Sensitivity in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Harrison, B. J., Pujol, J., Soriano‐Mas, C., Hernández‐Ribas, R., López‐Solà, M., Ortiz, H., Alonso, P., Deus, J., Menchón, J. M., Real, E., et al. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2165 · Cited by 81
Toward a biosocial theory of offender rehabiltiation: Why does cognitive-behavioral therapy work?
Vaske, J. C., Galyean, K., & Cullen, F. T. (2011) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.12.006 · Cited by 81
Fourie, M. M., Thomas, K. G. F., Amodio, D. M., Warton, C. M. R., & Meintjes, E. M. (2014) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2013.878750 · Cited by 81
Smith‐Crowe, K., & Warren, D. E. (2014) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2014.0896 · Cited by 79
“A preponderance of evidence suggests an overlapping of our moral and emotional lives (for reviews see Greene and Haidt 2002, Moll et al. 2005, 2008, Salvador and Folger 2009).”
BackgroundBoccia, M., Dacquino, C., Piccardi, L., Cordellieri, P., Guariglia, C., Ferlazzo, F., Ferracuti, S., & Giannini, A. M. (2016) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-016-9505-x · Cited by 79
Buon, M., Seara‐Cardoso, A., & Viding, E. M. (2016) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-016-1042-5 · Cited by 82
Deontic Justice and Organizational Neuroscience
Cropanzano, R., Massaro, S., & Becker, W. J. (2016) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-016-3056-3 · Cited by 80
“Hence, deciphering moral dilemmas seems to be a situation where people cognitively empathize by a psychological understanding of events occurring to others (for related discussion, see Moll et al. 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialEres, R., Louis, W. R., & Molenberghs, P. (2017) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2017.1357657 · Cited by 85
“The ACC on the other hand, has been associated with implicit moral attitudes (Luo et al., 2006), utilitarian approaches (Shackman et al., 2011) and is often involved in selfreferential tasks (Moll et al., 2005a) and moral conflict monitoring (Greene, Nystrom, Engell, Darley, & Cohen, 2004).”
BackgroundVoluntary Enhancement of Neural Signatures of Affiliative Emotion Using fMRI Neurofeedback
Moll, J., Weingartner, J., Bado, P., Basílio, R., Sato, J., Melo, B., Bramati, I., de Oliveira-Souza, R., & Zahn, R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097343 · Cited by 78
“Complex affiliative emotions, however, depend on more distributed activity in cortico-subcortical networks [11,14].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationTestosterone administration modulates moral judgments depending on second-to-fourth digit ratio
Montoya, E. R., Terburg, D., Bos, P. A., Will, G., Buskens, V., Raub, W., & van Honk, J. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.001 · Cited by 75
“The moral brain seems to consist of VMPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and subcortical regions such as the amygdala (Moll et al., 2005; Fumagalli and Priori, 2012).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Moll, J., Zahn, R., de Oliveira-Souza, R., Krueger, F., & Grafman, J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grafman, Jordan
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 799-809
- ISSN
- 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0048
- OpenAlex
- W1568809335
- Cited by
- 930
- References
- 160
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 2.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Ethics in Business and Education
- Keywords
- moral cognition, neural basis of morality, moral judgment, social cognition, brain dysfunction, cultural knowledge, motivational states, ethical decision-making
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Cognition, Humans, Morals, Neural Pathways, Neurosciences
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