Statins, cognition, and dementia-systematic review and methodological commentary
Open accessAbstract
Firm conclusions about whether mid-life or long-term statin use has an impact on cognitive decline and dementia remain elusive. Here, our objective was to systematically review, synthesize and critique the epidemiological literature that examines the relationship between statin use and cognition, so as to assess the current state of knowledge, identify gaps in our understanding, and make recommendations for future research. We summarize the findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies, grouped according to study design. We discuss the methods for each, and consider likely sources of bias, such as reverse causation and confounding. Although observational studies that considered statin use at or near the time of dementia diagnosis suggest a protective effect of statins, these findings could be attributable to reverse causation. RCTs and well-conducted observational studies of baseline statin use and subsequent cognition over several years of follow-up do not support a causal preventative effect of late-life statin use on cognitive decline or dementia. Given that much of the human research on statins and cognition in the future will be observational, careful study design and analysis will be essential.
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Statins have not been shown to prevent dementia.
“statins have not been shown to prevent dementia (6, 7).”
From Oversimplification of Dementia Risk Reduction Messaging Is a Threat to Knowledge Translation in Dementia Prevention Research (2018) · cites this paper as [6]
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Brain Lipids and Lipid Droplet Dysregulation in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
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Dementia and Atrial Fibrillation: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
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Effects of Plasma Lipids and Statins on Cognitive Function
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Statins and Brain Health: Alzheimer’s Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease Biomarkers in Older Adults
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Serum Cholesterol and Incident Alzheimer's Disease: Findings from the Adult Changes in Thought Study
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Kivipelto, M., Palmer, K., Hoang, T. D. M., & Yaffe, K. S. (2022) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.032614 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
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Separable Effects for Causal Inference in the Presence of Competing Events
Stensrud, M. J., Young, J. G., Didelez, V., Robins, J. M., & Hernán, M. Á. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12312236 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
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Statin Use and Risk of Cognitive Decline in the ADNI Cohort
Kemp, E. C., Ebner, M. K., Ramanan, S., Godek, T. A., Pugh, E., Bartlett, H. H., McDonald, J. W., Mecca, M. C., van Dyck, C. H., & Mecca, A. P. (2019) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2019.11.003 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Antiaging Therapies, Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia
Wahl, D., Anderson, R. M., & Couteur, D. G. L. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glz135 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Hypercholesterolemia and the Increased Risk of Vascular Dementia: a Cholesterol Perspective
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Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome
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Do Statins Affect Cognitive Health? A Narrative Review and Critical Analysis of the Evidence
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Tiwari, N., Bhatia, P., Kumar, A., Jaggi, A. S., & Singh, N. (2018) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/fcp.12376 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Association of statins use and genetic susceptibility with incidence of Alzheimer's disease
Ye, Z., Deng, J., Wu, X., Cai, J., Li, S., Chen, X., & Xin, J. (2025) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tjpad.2024.100025 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Preventing Diabetes and Atherosclerosis in the Cardiometabolic Syndrome
Ahmad, M. I., & Shapiro, M. D. (2021) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-021-00913-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Xiao, M., Li, L., Zhu, W., Wu, F., & Wu, B. (2024) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2024.2311875 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Drug interactions with dementia‐related pathophysiological pathways worsen or prevent dementia
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Statin Therapy and Dementia in Older Adults: Role of Disease Severity and Multimorbidity
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“If high cholesterol in late-life is not a risk factor for dementia, then trials of statins to prevention dementia are not indicated, and indeed, statins have not been shown to prevent dementia (6, 7).”
Primary Prevention Statins in Older Adults: Personalized Care for a Heterogeneous Population
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Cognitive function in dyslipidemia patients: exploring the impact of statins
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Leisure-Time Television Viewing and Computer Use, Family History, and Incidence of Dementia
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The Impact of Sex‐Specific Survival on the Incidence of Dementia in Parkinson's Disease
Fink, A., Dodel, R. C., Georges, D., & Doblhammer, G. (2023) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.29596 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bénéfices et risques des statines en prévention primaire chez la personne âgée
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Statin Initiation and Dementia Incidence in a Large Health Care System From 1997 to 2020
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- Authors
- Power, M. C., Weuve, J., Sharrett, A. R., Blacker, D., & Gottesman, R. F.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gottesman, Rebecca F.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neurology
- Published
- 2015-03-24
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 220-229
- ISSN
- 1759-4758 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-4766
- PMC
- PMC4458855
- OpenAlex
- W2075092696
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 2.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation
- National Institute on Aging (P50AG005134, T32AG027668, P30AG062421)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- statins, cognitive decline, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, reverse causality, confounding, observational study design, randomized controlled trials
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition Disorders, Dementia, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Observational Studies as Topic
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