Effects of a low-intensity intervention that prescribed a low-carbohydrate vs a low-fat diet in obese, diabetic participants
Abstract
Low‐carbohydrate diets have been associated with significant reductions in weight and HbA 1c in obese, diabetic participants who received high‐intensity lifestyle modification for 6 or 12 months. This investigation sought to determine whether comparable results to those of short‐term, intensive interventions could be achieved over a 24‐month study period using a low‐intensity intervention that approximates what is feasible in outpatient practice. A total of 144 obese, diabetic participants were randomly assigned to a low‐carbohydrate diet (<30 g/day) or to a low fat diet (≤30% of calories from fat with a deficit of 500 kcal/day). Participants were provided weekly group nutrition education sessions for the first month, and monthly sessions thereafter through the end of 24 months. Weight, HbA 1c, glucose, and lipids were measured at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months. Of the 144 enrolled participants, 68 returned for the month 24 assessment visit. Weights were retrieved from electronic medical records for an additional 57 participants (total, 125 participants) at month 24. All participants with a baseline measurement and at least one of the three other measurements were included in the mixed‐model analyses (n = 138). The low‐intensity intervention resulted in modest weight loss in both groups at month 24. At this time, participants in the low‐carbohydrate group lost 1.5 kg, compared to 0.2 kg in the low‐fat group (P = 0.147). Lipids, glycemic indexes, and dietary intake did not differ between groups at month 24 (or at months 6 or 12) (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00108459).
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Current evidence for carbohydrate restricted nutrition therapy is limited to two-years of follow-up.
“It is well recognized among professional society guidelines that carbohydrate restricted nutrition therapy results in improved glycemia, most cardiovascular risk markers and reduced need for medication [11][12][13][14], yet current evidence is limited to two-years of follow-up [8,15,16,17,18].”
Two other studies reported no changes in HbA1c from baseline to 2 years, even though the low-carbohydrate arm reduced HbA1c in the first 6 months.
“Two other studies reported no changes in HbA1c from baseline to 2 years, even though the low-carbohydrate arm reduced HbA1c in the first 6 months (53, 54).”
Other interventions using carbohydrate restriction reported variable long-term glycemic improvement outcomes.
“Other interventions using carbohydrate restriction reported variable long-term glycemic improvement outcomes (52–57).”
Cites
A Randomized Trial of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet for Obesity
Foster, G. D., Wyatt, H. R., Hill, J. O., McGuckin, B. G., Brill, C., Mohammed, B. S., Szapary, P. O., Rader, D. J., Edman, J. S., & Klein, S. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa022207 · Cited by 1,794 · see citing works
Dansinger, M. L., Gleason, J. A., Griffith, J. L., Selker, H. P., & Schaefer, E. J. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.293.1.43 · Cited by 1,726 · see citing works
A Low-Carbohydrate as Compared with a Low-Fat Diet in Severe Obesity
Samaha, F. F., Iqbal, N., Seshadri, P., Chicano, K. L., Daily, D. A., McGrory, J., Williams, T., Williams, M., Gracely, E. J., & Stern, L. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa022637 · Cited by 1,267 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Prior studies have shown that both diabetic and nondiabetic participants increased their carbohydrate and caloric intake over time, thus, diminishing their weight loss (1,9,10).”
BackgroundSelf-citationStern, L., Iqbal, N., Seshadri, P., Chicano, K. L., Daily, D. A., McGrory, J., Williams, M., Gracely, E. J., & Samaha, F. F. (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00007 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Self-citationRandomized Trial of Lifestyle Modification and Pharmacotherapy for Obesity
Wadden, T. A., Berkowitz, R. I., Womble, L. G., Sarwer, D. B., Phelan, S., Cato, R. K., Hesson, L. A., Osei, S. Y., Kaplan, R., & Stunkard, A. J. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa050156 · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Self-citationStem, L., Iqbal, N., Seshadri, P., & Chicano, K. L. (2004) · ACC Current Journal Review · doi:10.1016/j.accreview.2004.07.103 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Self-citationBoden, G., Sargrad, K., Homko, C., Mozzoli, M., & Stein, T. P. (2005) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-6-200503150-00006 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Westman, E. C., Yancy, W. S., Mavropoulos, J. C., Marquart, M., & McDuffie, J. R. (2008) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-5-36 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Screening for Obesity in Adults: Recommendations and Rationale
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force* (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-11-200312020-00012 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Wolever, T. M., Gibbs, A. L., Mehling, C., Chiasson, J.-L., Connelly, P. W., Josse, R. G., Leiter, L. A., Maheux, P., Rabasa-Lhoret, R., Rodger, N. W., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.1.114 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Brinkworth, G. D., Noakes, M., Parker, B., Foster, P., & Clifton, P. M. (2004) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1511-7 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Daly, M. E., Paisey, R., Paisey, R., Millward, B. A., Eccles, C., Williams, K., Hammersley, S., MacLeod, K. M., & Gale, T. J. (2005) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01760.x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Hise, M. E., Sullivan, D. K., JACOBSEN, D. J., Johnson, S. L., & Donnelly, J. E. (2002) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/75.2.263 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Three‐Year Weight Change in Successful Weight Losers Who Lost Weight on a Low‐Carbohydrate Diet
Phelan, S., Wyatt, H. R., Nassery, S. M., DiBello, J. R., Fava, J. L., Hill, J. O., & Wing, R. R. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.293 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Behavioral aspects of weight loss in type 2 diabetes
Wing, R. R., & Marquez, B. (2008) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-008-0023-0 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 17 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes
Evert, A. B., Boucher, J. L., Cypress, M., Dunbar, S. A., Franz, M. J., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Neumiller, J. J., Nwankwo, R., Verdi, C. L., Urbanski, P., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-2042 · Cited by 1,129 · see citing works
Ajala, O., English, P., & Pinkney, J. (2013) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.042457 · Cited by 821 · see citing works
Bueno, N. B., de Melo, I. S. V., de Oliveira, S. L., & da Rocha Ataide, T. (2013) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114513000548 · Cited by 778 · see citing works
Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes
Evert, A. B., Boucher, J. L., Cypress, M., Dunbar, S. A., Franz, M. J., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Neumiller, J. J., Nwankwo, R., Verdi, C. L., Urbanski, P., et al. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-s120 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Comparison of Weight Loss Among Named Diet Programs in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Meta-analysis
Johnston, B. C., Kanters, S., Bandayrel, K., Wu, P., Naji, F., Siemieniuk, R. A., Ball, G. D. C., Busse, J. W., Thorlund, K., Guyatt, G., et al. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.10397 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Franz, M. J., Boucher, J. L., Rutten-Ramos, S., & VanWormer, J. J. (2015) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.02.031 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Lifestyle Modification for Obesity
Wadden, T. A., Webb, V. L., Moran, C. H., & Bailer, B. A. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.039453 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Self-citationGoldenberg, J. Z., Day, A., Brinkworth, G. D., Sato, J., Yamada, S., Jönsson, T., Beardsley, J., Johnson, J. A., Thabane, L., & Johnston, B. C. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m4743 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Hu, T., Mills, K. T., Yao, L., Demanelis, K., Eloustaz, M., Yancy, W. S., Kelly, T. N., He, J., & Bazzano, L. A. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws264 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Tobias, D. K., Chen, M., Manson, J. E., Ludwig, D. S., Willett, W., & Hu, F. B. (2015) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00367-8 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Snorgaard, O., Poulsen, G. M., Andersen, H. K., & Astrup, A. (2017) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000354 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Athinarayanan, S. J., Adams, R. N., Hallberg, S. J., McKenzie, A. L., Bhanpuri, N. H., Campbell, W. W., Volek, J. S., Phinney, S. D., & McCarter, J. P. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00348 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Schwingshackl, L., Chaimani, A., Hoffmann, G., Schwedhelm, C., & Boeing, H. (2018) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-017-0352-x · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Sainsbury, E., Kizirian, N. V., Partridge, S. R., Gill, T., Colagiuri, S., & Gibson, A. A. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.026 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Saslow, L. R., Mason, A. E., Kim, S., Goldman, V., Ploutz-Snyder, R., Bayandorian, H., Daubenmier, J., Hecht, F. M., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5806 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Expert panel report: Guidelines (2013) for the management of overweight and obesity in adults
(2014) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20660 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Naude, C. E., Schoonees, A., Senekal, M., Young, T., Garner, P., & Volmink, J. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100652 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Meng, Y., Bai, H., Wang, S., Li, Z., Wang, Q., & Chen, L. (2017) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.07.006 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Schwingshackl, L., & Hoffmann, G. (2013) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2013.07.010 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Effects of Ketogenic Diets on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Evidence from Animal and Human Studies
Kosinski, C., & Jornayvaz, F. R. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9050517 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Guldbrand, H., Dizdar, B., Bunjaku, B., Lindström, T., Bachrach-Lindström, M., Fredrikson, M., Östgren, C. J., & Nystrom, F. H. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2567-4 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Papamichou, D., Panagiotakos, D. B., & Itsiopoulos, C. (2019) · Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2019.02.004 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
van Zuuren, E. J., Fedorowicz, Z., Kuijpers, T., & Pijl, H. (2018) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy096 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
McKenzie, A. L., Hallberg, S. J., Creighton, B. C., Volk, B. M., Link, T. M., Abner, M. K., Glon, R. M., McCarter, J. P., Volek, J. S., & Phinney, S. D. (2017) · JMIR Diabetes · doi:10.2196/diabetes.6981 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Reversing Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of the Evidence
Hallberg, S. J., Gershuni, V. M., Hazbun, T. L., & Athinarayanan, S. J. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11040766 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Gummesson, A., Nyman, E., Knutsson, M., & Karpefors, M. (2017) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12971 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Schwingshackl, L., Chaimani, A., Schwedhelm, C., Toledo, E., Pünsch, M., HOFFMANN, G. E., & Boeing, H. (2018) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1463967 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Clifton, P. M., Condo, D., & Keogh, J. B. (2013) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2013.11.006 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Dietary Protein and Energy Balance in Relation to Obesity and Co-morbidities
Drummen, M., Tischmann, L., Gatta-Cherifi, B., Adam, T., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00443 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Kelly, T., Unwin, D., & Finucane, F. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17072557 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Common Limitations and Challenges of Dietary Clinical Trials for Translation into Clinical Practices
Mirmiran, P., Bahadoran, Z., & Gaeini, Z. (2021) · Intern J Endocrinol Metab · doi:10.5812/ijem.108170 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Impact of High-Carbohydrate Diet on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Jung, C., & Choi, K. M. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9040322 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Behavioral and pharmacologic therapies for obesity
Vetter, M. L., Faulconbridge, L. F., Webb, V. L., & Wadden, T. A. (2010) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2010.121 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationInsulin-associated weight gain in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: What can be done?
Brown, A., Guess, N., Dornhorst, A., Taheri, S., & Frost, G. (2017) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13009 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
The low-carbohydrate diet and cardiovascular risk factors: evidence from epidemiologic studies
Hu, T., & Bazzano, L. A. (2014) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2013.12.008 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Ketogenic diets, physical activity and body composition: a review
Ashtary‐Larky, D., Bagheri, R., Bavi, H., Baker, J. S., Moro, T., Mancin, L., & Paoli, A. (2021) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114521002609 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Effect of Diet on the Growth Performance, Feed Conversion, and Nutrient Content of the House Cricket
Bawa, M., Songsermpong, S., Kaewtapee, C., & Chanput, W. P. (2020) · Journal of Insect Science · doi:10.1093/jisesa/ieaa014 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
A critical review of low‐carbohydrate diets in people with Type 2 diabetes
van Wyk, H. J., Davis, R. E., & Davies, J. S. (2016) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.12964 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Jing, T., Zhang, S., Bai, M., Chen, Z., Gao, S., Li, S., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15143156 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Avenell, A., Robertson, C., Skea, Z., Jacobsen, E., Boyers, D., Cooper, D., Aceves‐Martins, M., Retat, L., Fraser, C. M., Aveyard, P. N., et al. (2018) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta22680 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
MacLeod, J., Franz, M. J., Handu, D., Gradwell, E., Brown, C., Evert, A. B., Reppert, A., & Robinson, M. (2017) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2017.03.023 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Low-carbohydrate versus balanced-carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk
Naude, C. E., Brand, A., Schoonees, A., Nguyen, K. A., Chaplin, M., & Volmink, J. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013334.pub2 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Rafiullah, M., Musambil, M., & David, S. K. (2022) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuab040 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Jayedi, A., Zeraattalab-Motlagh, S., Ganjeh, B. J., Hosseini, Y., Jibril, A. T., Shahinfar, H., Mirrafiei, A., Hosseini, F. Z., & Shab‐Bidar, S. (2022) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqac066 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Low Carbohydrate Diets and Type 2 Diabetes: What is the Latest Evidence?
Dyson, P. A. (2015) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-015-0136-9 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Popp, C. J., Hu, L., Kharmats, A. Y., Curran, M., Berube, L. T., Wang, C., Pompeii, M. L., Illiano, P., St‐Jules, D. E., Mottern, M., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.33760 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Neuenschwander, M., HOFFMANN, G. E., Schwingshackl, L., & Schlesinger, S. (2019) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-019-00534-1 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ketogenic Diet: A Review of Composition Diversity, Mechanism of Action and Clinical Application
Malinowska, D., & Żendzian‐Piotrowska, M. (2024) · Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1155/2024/6666171 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Effects of a high protein diet on body weight and comorbidities associated with obesity
Clifton, P. M. (2012) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512002322 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Emadian, A., Andrews, R. C., England, C. Y., Wallace, V., & Thompson, J. L. (2015) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114515003475 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
McArdle, P. D., Greenfield, S. M., Rilstone, S. K., Narendran, P., Haque, M. S., & Gill, P. S. (2019) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13862 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Schwingshackl, L., & HOFFMANN, G. E. (2014) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114514000464 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
A Review of Ketogenic Diet and Lifestyle.
McGaugh, E., & Barthel, B. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Gram-Kampmann, E.-M., Hansen, C. D., Hugger, M. B., Jensen, J. M., Brønd, J. C., Hermann, A. P., Krag, A. A., Olsen, M. H., Beck‐Nielsen, H., & Højlund, K. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14633 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Hallberg, S. J., Dockter, N. E., Kushner, J. A., & Athinarayanan, S. J. (2019) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13736 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Pot, G. K., Battjes‐Fries, M. C. E., Patijn, O. N., Pijl, H., Witkamp, R. F., de Visser, M., van der Zijl, N. J., de Vries, M., & Voshol, P. J. (2019) · BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health · doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2018-000012 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Low carbohydrate dietary approaches for people with type 2 diabetes-a narrative review
Wheatley, S. D., Deakin, T. A., Arjomandkhah, N. C., Hollinrake, P. B., & Reeves, T. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.687658 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Improvement in Glycemic and Lipid Profiles in Type 2 Diabetics with a 90-Day Ketogenic Diet
Walton, C. M., Perry, K., Hart, R. H., Berry, S. L., & Bikman, B. T. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2019/8681959 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Senior, A. M., Gosby, A. K., Lu, J., Simpson, S. J., & Raubenheimer, D. (2016) · Evolution Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.1093/emph/eow020 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Adherence to Low-Carbohydrate Diets in Patients with Diabetes: A Narrative Review
Kumar, N., Merrill, J., Carlson, S. M., German, J. C., & Yancy, W. (2022) · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity : Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dmso.s292742 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Apekey, T. A., Maynard, M. J., Kittana, M., & Kunutsor, S. K. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14204391 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Parry‐Strong, A., Wright‐McNaughton, M., Weatherall, M., Hall, R. M., Coppell, K. J., Barthow, C. A., & Krebs, J. D. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14837 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Silverii, G. A., Cosentino, C., Santagiuliana, F., Rotella, F., Benvenuti, F., Mannucci, E., & Cresci, B. (2022) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14709 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Wali, J. A., Raubenheimer, D., Senior, A. M., Couteur, D. G. L., & Simpson, S. J. (2020) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaa136 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Reversal and Remission of T2DM – An Update for Practitioners
Shibib, L., Al-Qaisi, M., Ahmed, A. R., Miras, A. D., Nott, D., Pelling, M., Greenwald, S. E., & Guess, N. D. (2022) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.s345810 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Zaki, H. A., Iftikhar, H., Bashir, K., Gad, H., Fahmy, A. S., & Elmoheen, A. M. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.25528 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Amini, M. R., Aminianfar, A., Naghshi, S., Larijani, B., & Esmaillzadeh, A. (2022) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1867957 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Maula, A., Kai, J., Woolley, A. K., Weng, S. F., Dhalwani, N. N., Griffiths, F. E., Khunti, K. K., & Kendrick, D. (2019) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14193 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Ricanati, E. H. W., Golubić, M., Yang, D., Saager, L., Mascha, E. J., & Roizen, M. F. (2011) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-8-83 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Adherence to Low-Carbohydrate Diets in Patients with Diabetes: A Narrative Review
Kumar, N., Merrill, J. D., Carlson, S., German, J., & Yancy, W. S. (2022) · Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Turton, J. L., Brinkworth, G. D., Parker, H. M., Lim, D. M., Lee, K., Rush, A., Johnson, R., & Rooney, K. B. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0288440 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sato, J., Kanazawa, A., Hatae, C., Makita, S., Komiya, K., Shimizu, T., Ikeda, F., Tamura, Y., Ogihara, T., Mita, T., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188892 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Dutton, G. R., Laitner, M. H., & Perri, M. G. (2014) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-014-0442-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Choi, J. H., Cho, Y. J., Kim, H., Ko, S., Chon, S., Kang, J., Kim, E. M., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. J., Song, K., et al. (2022) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2022.0038 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bray, G. A., Ryan, D. H., Johnson, W. D., Champagne, C. M., Johnson, C. M., Rood, J. C., Williamson, D. A., & Sacks, F. M. (2017) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/cob.12188 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Choy, K. Y. C., & Louie, J. C. Y. (2023) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102905 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Tang, F. X., & Lin, X. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/6615295 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Johnson-Mann, C. N., Cupka, J. S., Ro, A., Davidson, A., Armfield, B. A., Miralles, F., Markal, A., Fierman, K. E., Hough, V. C., Newsom, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-022-01487-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
McKenzie, A. L., Athinarayanan, S. J., Van Tieghem, M. R., Volk, B. M., Roberts, C. G. P., Adams, R. N., Volek, J. S., Phinney, S. D., & Hallberg, S. J. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111898 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kharmats, A. Y., Popp, C. J., Hu, L., Berube, L. T., Curran, M., Wang, C., Pompeii, M. L., Li, H., Bergman, M., St‐Jules, D. E., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.026 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Morimoto, N., Kasuga, C., Tanaka, A., Kamachi, K., Ai, M., Urayama, K. Y., & Tanaka, A. (2018) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114517003725 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
López-Espinoza, M. Á., Moscoso, S. C., Sanduvete‐Chaves, S., Ortega-Maureira, M. J., & Barrientos-Bravo, T. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13092946 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Diabetes Nutrition Therapy: Effectiveness, Macronutrients, Eating Patterns and Weight Management
Franz, M. J. (2016) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2016.02.001 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Turton, J. L., Brinkworth, G. D., Field, R., Parker, H. M., & Rooney, K. B. (2019) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13837 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Nicholas, A. P., Soto-Mota, A., Lambert, H., & Collins, A. L. (2021) · Journal of Nutritional Science · doi:10.1017/jns.2021.67 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ghasemi, P., Jafari, M., Jafari-Maskouni, S., Hosseini, S. A., Amiri, R., Hejazi, J., Chambari, M., Tavasolian, R., & Rahimlou, M. (2024) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-024-00824-w · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Choi, J. H., Cho, Y. J., Kim, H., Ko, S., Chon, S., Kang, J., Kim, K. K., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. J., Song, K., et al. (2022) · Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1186/s40885-022-00207-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Lubransky, A. C., Monro, J. A., Mishra, S. S., Yu, H. M., Haszard, J. J., & Venn, B. J. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10081110 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Franz, M. J., & MacLeod, J. (2018) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s141952 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Relative Merits of Low-Carbohydrate Versus Low-Fat Diet in Managing Obesity
Alexandraki, I., Palacio, C., & Mooradian, A. D. (2015) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.14423/smj.0000000000000308 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
McKee, H. C., & Ntoumanis, N. (2014) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-014-9557-6 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Yuan, Y., Chen, C., Liu, Q., Luo, Y., Yang, Z., Lin, Y., Sun, L., & Fan, G. (2024) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d4fo00337c · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ritter, S., Vetter, M. L., & Sarwer, D. B. (2012) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2012.07.2578 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationHernández-Alcántara, G., Cruz, A. J., & Bacardí‐Gascón, M. (2015) · PubMed · doi:10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9695 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Vetter, Vetter, Wade, A. N., Womble, L. G., DALTON-BAKES, C. V., Wadden, & Iqbal, N. (2010) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmsott.s13966 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationAre Low-Carbohydrate Diets Safe and Effective?
Fields, H. E., Ruddy, B., Wallace, M. R., Shah, A. A., & Millstine, D. M. (2016) · Journal of Osteopathic Medicine · doi:10.7556/jaoa.2016.154 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Vetter, M. L., Vetter, M. L., Wade, A. N., Womble, L. G., DALTON-BAKES, C. V., Wadden, T. A., & Iqbal, N. (2010) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s13966 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationFeng, S., Liu, R., Colwell, B., Chung, S. Y., Barry, A. E., & Wang, H. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.09.005 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Szendi, K., Murányi, E., Hunter, N., & Németh, B. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13020248 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets and diabetes
Dyson, P. A. (2020) · Practical Diabetes · doi:10.1002/pdi.2284 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Iqbal, N., Vetter, M. L., Moore, R. H., Chittams, J. L., Dalton‐Bakes, C. V., Dowd, M., Williams‐Smith, C., Cardillo, S., & Wadden, T. A.
- Affiliations
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Baystate Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Iqbal, Nayyar
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-09
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1733-1738
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- OpenAlex
- W2143927603
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- low-carbohydrate diet, low-fat diet, type 2 diabetes, weight loss, glycemic control, HbA1c, nutrition education, outpatient intervention, long-term dietary intervention, lipid profile, dietary intake
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Weight Loss, Exercise, Treatment Outcome, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
