CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 108Muscle metabolism and nutritionExercise and Physiological ResponsesSports Performance and Training

Chocolate Milk and Endurance Exercise Recovery: Protein Balance, Glycogen, and Performance

LUNN, WILLIAM R., PASIAKOS, STEFAN M., COLLETTO, MEGAN R., KARFONTA, KIRSTIN E., CARBONE, JOHN W., ANDERSON, JEFFREY M., RODRIGUEZ, NANCY R.·2012·Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
DOI 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182364162
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study examined effects of fat-free chocolate milk (MILK) consumption on kinetic and cellular markers of protein turnover, muscle glycogen, and performance during recovery from endurance exercise. METHODS: Male runners participated in two trials separated by 1 wk and consumed either MILK or a nonnitrogenous isocaloric carbohydrate (CHO) control beverage (CON) after a 45-min run at 65% of V˙O(2peak). Postexercise muscle protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR) and whole-body protein turnover were determined during 3 h of recovery using muscle biopsies and primed constant infusions of L-[ring-²H₅]phenylalanine and L-[1-¹³C]leucine, respectively. Phosphorylation of translational signaling proteins and activity of proteolytic molecules were determined using Western blotting and enzymatic activity assays. Muscle glycogen was quantified, and treadmill time to exhaustion was determined after the recovery period. RESULTS: Consuming MILK after exercise resulted in higher mixed muscle FSR with lower whole-body proteolysis and synthesis compared with CON (P ≤ 0.05). Phosphorylation of eIF4E-BP1 and FOXO3a was higher for MILK (P < 0.01), whereas Akt phosphorylation was lower during recovery regardless of dietary treatment (P < 0.05). Enzymatic activity assays indicated lower caspase-3 activity during recovery for MILK (P < 0.01) and higher 26S proteasome activity for CON (P < 0.01). Muscle glycogen was not affected by either dietary treatment; however, time to exhaustion was greater for MILK than for CON (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of consumption of MILK after endurance exercise on FSR, signaling molecules of skeletal muscle protein turnover, leucine kinetics, and performance measures suggest unique benefits of milk compared with a CHO-only beverage.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182364162

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Chocolate milk and fast food also impact subsequent exercise performance similarly to commercial sport nutrition items.

    “Chocolate milk (Karp et al. 2006; Lunn et al. 2012; Pritchett et al. 2009; Thomas et al. 2009) and fast food (Cramer et al. 2015) also impact subsequent exercise performance similarly to commercial sport nutrition items.”

    From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Lunn et al. 2012

  • Chocolate milk and fast food items restore glycogen similarly to common commercial sport nutrition products.

    “Both chocolate milk (Lunn et al. 2012) and fast food items (Cramer et al. 2015) restore glycogen similarly to common commercial sport nutrition products.”

    From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Lunn et al. 2012

  • Food items have demonstrated success in promoting 4-h glycogen re-synthesis rates when compared to sport nutrition products.

    “When compared to sport nutrition products, food items have demonstrated success in promoting 4-h glycogen re-synthesis rates.”

    From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Lunn et al. 2012

  • Other research has demonstrated that golden raisins and chocolate milk are as effective as sports supplements for providing carbohydrate during and after exercise.

    “Other research has demonstrated that golden raisins and chocolate milk are as effective as sports supplements for providing carbohydrate during (Rietschier et al. 2011) and after (Karp et al. 2006; Lunn et al. 2012; Pritchett et al. 2009; Thomas et al. 2009) exercise.”

    From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Lunn et al. 2012

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
LUNN, W. R., PASIAKOS, S. M., COLLETTO, M. R., KARFONTA, K. E., CARBONE, J. W., ANDERSON, J. M., & RODRIGUEZ, N. R.
Affiliations
  • Southern Connecticut State University (US)
  • University of Connecticut (US)
  • Eastern Michigan University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2012-04
Volume
44
Issue
4
Pages
682-691
ISSN
0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1249/mss.0b013e3182364162
OpenAlex
W2022111631
Cited by
108
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 4
FWCI
3.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
chocolate milk, post-exercise recovery, endurance exercise, protein turnover, muscle protein synthesis, fractional synthesis rate, muscle glycogen, leucine kinetics, FOXO3, Akt signaling, caspase-3, 26S proteasome, time to exhaustion, runners
MeSH terms
Forkhead Box Protein O3, Adult, Animals, Cacao, Dietary Carbohydrates, Glycogen, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Milk, Muscle Proteins, Oxygen Consumption, Phosphoproteins, Phosphorylation, Physical Endurance, Muscle, Skeletal, Cell Cycle Proteins, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Athletic Performance, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review