The Rate of Protein Digestion affects Protein Gain Differently during Aging in Humans
Open accessAbstract
In young men ingesting protein meals, slowly digested proteins (caseins: CAS) induce a higher protein gain than those that are rapidly digested (whey proteins: WP). Our aim was to assess whether or not this is true in elderly men receiving mixed meals. The effects of meals containing either CAS or two different amounts of WP (WP‐iN: isonitrogenous with CAS, or WP‐iL: providing the same amount of leucine as CAS) on protein metabolism (assessed by combining oral and intravenous leucine tracers) were compared in nine healthy, elderly (mean ± s.e.m . age 72 ± 1 years) and six young men (24 ± 1 years). In both age groups, WP‐iL and WP‐iN were digested faster than CAS ( P < 0.001, ANOVA). Proteolysis was inhibited similarly whatever the meal and age groups ( P = NS). Protein synthesis was higher with WP‐iN than with CAS or WP‐iL ( P < 0.01 ), irrespective of age ( P = NS). An age‐related effect ( P < 0.05 ) was found with postprandial leucine balance. Leucine balance was higher with CAS than with WP‐iL ( P < 0.01 ) in young men, but not in elderly subjects ( P = NS). In isonitrogenous conditions, leucine balance was higher with WP‐iN than with CAS ( P < 0.001 ) in both age groups, but the magnitude of the differences was higher in the elderly men ( P = 0.05 ). In conclusion, during aging, protein gain was greater with WP (rapidly digested protein), and lower with CAS (slowly digested protein). This suggests that a ‘fast’ protein might be more beneficial than a ‘slow’ one to limit protein losses during aging.
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A 43 g bolus of casein protein resulted in a slow increase in amino acid concentrations, which remained elevated above baseline after 300 min.
“In contrast, the casein condition resulted in a slow increase in amino acid concentrations, which remained elevated above baseline after 300 min.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [167]
Whey and casein differ in the rate at which they digest as well as the impact they have on protein metabolism.
“the two differ in the rate at which they digest as well as the impact they have on protein metabolism [165–167].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [167]
Prolonged, moderate hyperaminoacidemia is more effective at stimulating increases in whole body protein anabolism than a robust, short lasting hyperaminoacidemia.
“leading the researcher to suggest that prolonged, moderate hyperaminoacidemia is more effective at stimulating increases in whole body protein anabolism than a robust, short lasting hyperaminoacidemia.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [167]
Over the study duration, casein produced a greater whole body leucine balance than the whey protein condition.
“Over the study duration, casein produced a greater whole body leucine balance than the whey protein condition”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [167]
A 30 g bolus of whey protein displayed robust hyperaminoacidemia 100 min after administration, and by 300 min, amino acid concentrations had returned to baseline.
“They reported that the whey protein condition displayed robust hyperaminoacidemia 100 min after administration. However, by 300 min, amino acid concentrations had returned to baseline.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [167]
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- Authors
- Dangin, M., Guillet, C., Garcia‐Rodenas, C., Gachon, P., Bouteloup‐Demange, C., Reiffers‐Magnani, K., Fauquant, J., Ballèvre, O., & Beaufrère, B.
- Affiliations
- Université Clermont Auvergne (FR)
- Nestec (Switzerland) (CH)
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Gachon, Pierre
- ORCID
- Guillet, Christelle
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 549
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 635-644
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- PMC
- PMC2342962
- OpenAlex
- W2121793070
- Cited by
- 395
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 2.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Keywords
- aging, protein gain, casein, whey protein, protein synthesis, protein degradation, older men, mixed meal, leucine tracer
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Adult, Aged, Aging, Amino Acids, Caseins, Digestion, Hormones, Humans, Kinetics, Leucine, Male, Milk Proteins, Osmolar Concentration, Peptide Hydrolases, Time Factors
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