Cited by 222Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringPhotoreceptor and optogenetics researchNanoplatforms for cancer theranostics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 90 of the 90 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Tether-free photothermal deep-brain stimulation in freely behaving mice via wide-field illumination in the near-infrared-II window

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Abstract

Neural circuitry is typically modulated via invasive brain implants and tethered optical fibres in restrained animals. Here we show that wide-field illumination in the second near-infrared spectral window (NIR-II) enables implant-and-tether-free deep-brain stimulation in freely behaving mice with stereotactically injected macromolecular photothermal transducers activating neurons ectopically expressing the temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1). The macromolecular transducers, ~40 nm in size and consisting of a semiconducting polymer core and an amphiphilic polymer shell, have a photothermal conversion efficiency of 71% at 1,064 nm, the wavelength at which light attenuation by brain tissue is minimized (within the 400-1,800 nm spectral window). TRPV1-expressing neurons in the hippocampus, motor cortex and ventral tegmental area of mice can be activated with minimal thermal damage on wide-field NIR-II illumination from a light source placed at distances higher than 50 cm above the animal's head and at an incident power density of 10 mW mm-2. Deep-brain stimulation via wide-field NIR-II illumination may open up opportunities for social behavioural studies in small animals.

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Crossref · 10.1038/s41551-022-00862-w

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  • NIR at wavelength 700-1600 nm has deep tissue penetration.

    “near-infrared light (NIR) at the wavelength from 700 to 1600 nm has attracted great attention in this field due to its deep tissue penetration.”

    From The blood–brain barrier: Structure, regulation and drug delivery (2023) · cites this paper as [212]

    The Results section reports that 1064-nm light penetrates at least 5 mm into mouse brain through the scalp and skull. It does not establish deep penetration across the entire 700–1600 nm range; it says shorter NIR wavelengths penetrate less deeply and wavelengths beyond 1100 nm have greater water absorption. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Metadata

Authors
Wu, X., Jiang, Y., Rommelfanger, N. J., Yang, F., Zhou, Q., Yin, R., Liu, J., Cai, S., Ren, W., Shin, A., Ong, K. S., Pu, K., & Hong, G.
Affiliations
  • Stanford University (US)
  • Nanyang Technological University (SG)
Corresponding author
  • Pu, Kanyi
  • Hong, Guosong
Venue
Nature Biomedical Engineering
Published
2022-03-21
Volume
6
Issue
6
Pages
754-770
ISSN
2157-846X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4221010482
Cited by
222
References
88
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 15
FWCI
22.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Aging (R00AG056636)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
Keywords
wide-field illumination, TRPV1, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles, freely moving mice, hippocampus, motor cortex, ventral tegmental area, social behavior
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Lighting, Polymers, Temperature, Transducers, Mice

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