Cortical layer-specific critical dynamics triggering perception
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Perceptual experiences may arise from neuronal activity patterns in mammalian neocortex. We probed mouse neocortex during visual discrimination using a red-shifted channelrhodopsin (ChRmine, discovered through structure-guided genome mining) alongside multiplexed multiphoton-holography (MultiSLM), achieving control of individually specified neurons spanning large cortical volumes with millisecond precision. Stimulating a critical number of stimulus-orientation-selective neurons drove widespread recruitment of functionally related neurons, a process enhanced by (but not requiring) orientation-discrimination task learning. Optogenetic targeting of orientation-selective ensembles elicited correct behavioral discrimination. Cortical layer-specific dynamics were apparent, as emergent neuronal activity asymmetrically propagated from layer 2/3 to layer 5, and smaller layer 5 ensembles were as effective as larger layer 2/3 ensembles in eliciting orientation discrimination behavior. Population dynamics emerging after optogenetic stimulation both correctly predicted behavior and resembled natural internal representations of visual stimuli at cellular resolution over volumes of cortex.
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Optogenetics can stimulate neural tissue with high bandwidth, reaching single-cell resolution.
“Researchers are also developing other methods to stimulate neuronal tissue with a high bandwidth, such as optogenetics with up to singlecell resolution (Marshel et al., 2019).”
From Writing to the Mind’s Eye of the Blind (2020) · cites this paper as Marshel et al., 2019
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Behavioral decomposition reveals rich encoding structure employed across neocortex in rats
Mimica, B., Tombaz, T., Battistin, C., Fuglstad, J. G., Dunn, B. A., & Whitlock, J. R. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-39520-3 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Law, R. G., Pugliese, S., Shin, H., Sliva, D. D., Lee, S., Neymotin, S., Moore, C., & Jones, S. R. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhab221 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A cell-type-specific error-correction signal in the posterior parietal cortex
Green, J., Bruno, C. A., Traunmüller, L., Ding, J., Hrvatin, S., Wilson, D. E., Khodadad, T., Samuels, J., Greenberg, M. E., & Harvey, C. D. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06357-1 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Neural ensembles: role of intrinsic excitability and its plasticity
Hansel, C., & Yuste, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1440588 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Writing to the Mind’s Eye of the Blind
Roelfsema, P. R. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.014 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Coexistence of state, choice, and sensory integration coding in barrel cortex LII/III
Gardères, P.-M., Le Gal, S., Rousseau, C., Mamane, A., Ganea, D. A., & Haiss, F. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49129-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Recent manipulations, involving the activation of excitatory neurons or stimulus-selective sub-ensembles, have been shown to trigger learned behaviors 4,7,32,50 – 52 .”
- Authors
- Marshel, J. H., Kim, Y. S., Machado, T. A., Quirin, S., Benson, B., Kadmon, J., Raja, C., Chibukhchyan, A., Ramakrishnan, C., Inoue, M., Shane, J. C., McKnight, D. J., Yoshizawa, S., Kato, H. E., Ganguli, S., & Deisseroth, K.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Boulder Nonlinear Systems, Lafayette, CO 80026, USA.
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Deisseroth, Karl
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2019-08-09
- Volume
- 365
- Issue
- 6453
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC6711485
- OpenAlex
- W2956728914
- Cited by
- 652
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 13
- FWCI
- 39.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Wellcome Trust
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (18H04136)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R37MH075957)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R13DA041796, R37DA035377, P50DA042012)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Keywords
- perception, orientation discrimination, orientation-selective neurons, layer 2/3, layer 5, neuronal ensembles, optogenetic stimulation, visual discrimination, internal representations, mouse neocortex
- MeSH terms
- Channelrhodopsins, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Holography, Neurons, Orientation, Photic Stimulation, Visual Perception, Neocortex, Mice, Opsins, Molecular Imaging, Aquatic Organisms, Optogenetics
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