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Applying principles of behaviour change to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission
Open accessAbstract
Human behaviour is central to transmission of SARS-Cov-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and changing behaviour is crucial to preventing transmission in the absence of pharmaceutical interventions. Isolation and social distancing measures, including edicts to stay at home, have been brought into place across the globe to reduce transmission of the virus, but at a huge cost to individuals and society. In addition to these measures, we urgently need effective interventions to increase adherence to behaviours that individuals in communities can enact to protect themselves and others: use of tissues to catch expelled droplets from coughs or sneezes, use of face masks as appropriate, hand-washing on all occasions when required, disinfecting objects and surfaces, physical distancing, and not touching one's eyes, nose or mouth. There is an urgent need for direct evidence to inform development of such interventions, but it is possible to make a start by applying behavioural science methods and models.
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“In line with the BCW intervention development tool, a first step in understanding which interventions are appropriate to generating behaviour change (in this context we refer to the change in or maintenance of social distancing behaviour) is to identify the COM factors that the intervention needs to target [10, 11].”
From Facilitators and barriers to social distancing for young people during the COVID-19 pandemic (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
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“The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) can be used as a guiding tool to support this [10, 11].”
From Facilitators and barriers to social distancing for young people during the COVID-19 pandemic (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
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“The survey items were guided by the COM-B model [10], to provide a theoretical framework a priori, and were deemed relevant given the applications of the model in relevant contexts [11].”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 509
Tensi, A. F., Ang, F., & van der Fels‐Klerx, H. J. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121825 · Cited by 38
Smith, L., POTTS, H. W. W., Amlôt, R., Fear, N. T., Michie, S., & Rubin, G. J. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12777-x · Cited by 32
“In the absence of pharmacological interventions, populations around the globe relied on these changes to behaviour to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 [1].”
BackgroundSelf-citationCOVID-19 Vaccination Did Not Change the Personal Protective Behaviors of Healthcare Workers in China
Zhang, N., Lei, H., Li, L., Jin, T., Liu, X., Miao, D., Su, B., Bu, Z., Fan, L., Xue, P., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.777426 · Cited by 20
“Sustained and adequate personal protective behaviors have been instrumental in tackling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (1, 2).”
BackgroundFactors Influencing the Adoption of COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors in Chile
Bronfman, N., Repetto, P., Cisternas, P. C., & Castañeda, J. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13105331 · Cited by 27
“These findings are consistent with what West and colleagues [44,45] have argued about the need to implement interventions that recognize the need for people to understand how behaviors reduce the risk of being infected and that are associated with how the virus is transmitted.”
ResultBieler, M., Maas, P., Fischer, L., & Rietmann, N. (2021) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/10946705211003676 · Cited by 34
“Nudges have been repeatedly and successfully applied to support healthy behavior patterns (Baskin et al. 2016; West et al. 2020).”
BackgroundKashima, S., & Zhang, J.-Y. (2021) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2021.01.002 · Cited by 27
Aonghusa, P. M., & Michie, S. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa095 · Cited by 40
“A methodology was developed and evaluated in a set of five frequently used theories [14] and then applied, in collaboration with the theory authors, to represent 76 behavioral theories in a precise and computable format [15].”
MethodSelf-citationAntimicrobial Copper Cold Spray Coatings and SARS-CoV-2 Surface Inactivation
Sousa, B. C., & Cote, D. (2020) · MRS Advances · doi:10.1557/adv.2020.366 · Cited by 27
Li, X., Wang, Q., Ding, P., Cha, Y., Mao, Y., Ding, C., Gu, W., Wang, Y., Ying, B., Zhao, X., et al. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146040 · Cited by 27
“Based on what we have found, precautionary control strategies that are important for public health protection are needed inwholesalemarkets during thepandemic of COVID-19 to limit future transmission of infectious viruses (West et al., 2020).”
On the emergence of antibacterial and antiviral copper cold spray coatings
Sousa, B. C., Massar, C., Gleason, M. A., & Cote, D. (2021) · Journal of Biological Engineering · doi:10.1186/s13036-021-00256-7 · Cited by 26
“person while those to the right relate to other people who may become infected,” [50, 51].”
BackgroundNon-adherence to preventive behaviours during the COVID-19 epidemic: findings from a community study
Urbán, R., Paksi, B., Miklósi, Á., Saunders, J. B., & Demetrovics, Z. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11506-0 · Cited by 31
Resistance Training Safety during and after the SARS‐Cov‐2 Outbreak: Practical Recommendations
Gentil, P., de Lira, C. A. B., Souza, D., Jiménez, A., Mayo, X., Gryschek, A. L. D. F. P. L., Pereira, É. G., Alcaráz, P. E., Bianco, A., Paoli, A., et al. (2020) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2020/3292916 · Cited by 42
“It is also necessary to reinforce hygiene measures, like using discarded tissues when coughing or sneezing, avoiding autoinoculation by not touching T zone, washing/disinfecting hands thoroughly, and maintaining physical distance [24].”
BackgroundFong, B. Y. F., Wong, M. C. S., Law, V., Lo, M. F., Ng, T. K. C., Yee, H. H. L., Leung, T. C. H., & Ho, W. T. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186653 · Cited by 31
“These measures enable individuals to avoid the inhalation of droplets expelled by infected persons as well as contact with contaminated surfaces, objects, and body parts [25].”
BackgroundResultComparative experimental evidence on compliance with social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Becher, M., Stegmueller, D., Brouard, S., & Kerrouche, E. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.07.29.20164806 · Cited by 26
Jhaveri, N. R., Poveda, N. E., Kachwaha, S., Comeau, D. L., Nguyen, P. H., & Young, M. F. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1185696 · Cited by 26
Gardner, B. (2022) · Current Research in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100081 · Cited by 31
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“At present, the most important countermeasures for preventing human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 are early identification, proper isolation, and follow-up of patients (West et al., 2020).”
BackgroundThe impact of face masks on interpersonal trust in times of COVID-19
Malik, S., Mihm, B., & Reichelt, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-96500-7 · Cited by 29
“As part of the preventive measures to curb the spread of the virus, many governments and health officials have advised or mandated the use of face masks in public spaces [2].”
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Sørensen, K., Okan, O., Kondilis, B., & Levin-Zamir, D. (2021) · Global Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/1757975920986126 · Cited by 25
“To study the arguments, the study design included (1) analysis of the performance of the concepts ‘social distancing’ and ‘physical distancing’ based on Google Trends (15 February–15 June 2020); (2) analysis of the arguments used in media discussions of ‘social distancing versus physical distancing’ in the period 15 M…”
BackgroundMethodCOVID-19 Pandemic with Human Mobility Across Countries
Zhang, C., Qian, L., & Hu, J.-Q. (2020) · Journal of the Operations Research Society of China · doi:10.1007/s40305-020-00317-6 · Cited by 23
Knaul, F. M., Touchton, M. M., Arreola‐Ornelas, H., Calderon-Anyosa, R. J. C., Otero-Bahamón, S., Hummel, C., Perez‐Cruz, P. E., Porteny, T., Patino, F. G., Atun, R. A., et al. (2022) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2021.00981 · Cited by 27
Balancing the Freedom–Security Trade-Off During Crises and Disasters
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“As a result, the loss of freedom may be felt more strongly than the gain of security; in terms of subjective valuation, it may hurt more to lose the freedom one once had than it helps to gain additional new security (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979; West et al., 2020).”
BackgroundOne year of COVID-19 in Italy: are containment policies enough to shape the pandemic pattern?
Panarello, D., & Tassinari, G. (2021) · Socio-Economic Planning Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.seps.2021.101120 · Cited by 23
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“Information should be tailored and account for language, education and health literacy, with input from stakeholders, such as community leaders, religious heads or allied health workers, who can advise on how to enhance understanding of risks and benefits, especially if targeted at marginalized populations.(16,17) It…”
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“accumulation of evidence now suggests that mask-wearing is one of the key preventive behaviors to halt the community-based spread of the infection [45-47].”
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Vallis, M., Bacon, S., Corace, K., Joyal‐Desmarais, K., Gorin, S. S., Paduano, S., Presseau, J., Rash, J. A., Yohannes, A. M., & Lavoie, K. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10010007 · Cited by 25
Zhang, N., Yang, H.-Y., Hong, D.-S., Huang, X., & Wang, L. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-021-10004-2 · Cited by 23
Behavioural barriers to COVID-19 testing in AustraliaPreprint
Bonner, C., Batcup, C., Ayre, J., Pickles, K. M., Dodd, R. H., Copp, T., Cornell, S., Cvejic, E., Dakin, T., Isautier, J., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.09.24.20201236 · Cited by 18
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“This personality trait was evaluated with the French version of the UPPS impulsive behavior scale (Whiteside et al., 2005; Van der Linden et al., 2006).”
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Khazaei, H., Paarporn, K., Garcia, A., & Eksin, C. (2021) · IEEE Conference on Decision and Control · doi:10.1109/cdc45484.2021.9683594 · Cited by 22
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Perski, O., Szinay, D., Corker, E., Shahab, L., West, R., & Michie, S. (2021) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12542 · Cited by 29
“Less costly, yet highly effective (WarrenGash, Fragaszy, & Hayward, 2012) personal protective behaviours are thus important for supporting the easing of lockdown measures to ensure long-term suppression of viral transmission and preparedness for new viral waves and future pandemics (West et al., 2020).”
Self-citationCLINICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF COVID-19
Ali, J., Ali, Q., Hafeez, M., & Malik, A. (2020) · Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v2020i1.31 · Cited by 22
Flocking for Multiple Subgroups of Multi-Agents With Different Social Distancing
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“For example, during the fight against COVID-19, social distancing for everyone has increased by more than 2-fold compared with that observed during the normal periods [26].”
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“Many instructions were also issued, including public health, such as using gloves and masks, washing hands, and cleaning surfaces (Nguyen et al. 2021; West et al. 2020).”
BackgroundCompliance with Covid-19 measures: Evidence from New Zealand
Kaine, G., Greenhalgh, S., & Wright, V. E. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263376 · Cited by 26
“, [51] for a discussion about the range of interventions that might 786 accompany promotion.”
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“This model has been commonly used to design interventions and understand behaviors in clinical and public health contexts (eg, [22-26]).”
Self-initiated behavioral change and disease resurgence on activity-driven networks
Gozzi, N., Scudeler, M., Paolotti, D., Baronchelli, A., & Perra, N. (2021) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.104.014307 · Cited by 21
Where England's pandemic response to COVID-19 went wrong
Lee, A., English, P., Pankhania, B., & Morling, J. (2020) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.11.015 · Cited by 21
Sinicrope, P. S., Maciejko, L. A., Fox, J. M., Steffens, M. T., Decker, P., Wheeler, P. H., Juhn, Y., Wi, C., Gorfine, M., & Patten, C. (2021) · Preventive medicine reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101543 · Cited by 20
“Given this gap (West et al., 2020), expressed in a Nature perspective, a need to develop interventions to apply methods and models of behavioral science, where the focus is on identifying the key determinants necessary to promote adoption of COVID-19 prevention behaviors such as masking.”
Ebrahimi, O. V., Hoffart, A., & Johnson, S. U. (2021) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2021.1960987 · Cited by 32
“…further draw attention to other gaps left in the pandemic literature concerning the relationship between adherence and personality traits (e.g. West et al., 2020), beliefs about the efficacy of pandemic protocols and collective mitigation behaviour (e.g. Webster et al., 2020), and fear of…”
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Genetic Spectrum and Distinct Evolution Patterns of SARS-CoV-2
Liu, S., Shen, J., Fang, S., Li, K., Liu, J., Yang, L., Hu, C., & Wan, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.593548 · Cited by 63
End-to-End Protocol for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from Built Environments
Parker, C. W., Singh, N. K., Tighe, S. W., Blachowicz, A., Wood, J. M., Seuylemezian, A., Vaishampayan, P., Urbaniak, C., Hendrickson, R., Laaguiby, P., et al. (2020) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00771-20 · Cited by 20
“of infection is person to person through inhalation of aerosolized droplets containing the virus (4), 72 the use of masks, maintaining physical distancing, avoiding touching ones face, and washing 73 hands have all been identified as important factors in preventing transmission (5).”
BackgroundFacilitators and barriers to social distancing for young people during the COVID-19 pandemic
Berry, E., Jenkins, C., & Allen, S. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13325-3 · Cited by 19
“The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) can be used as a guiding tool to support this [10, 11].”
MethodCulture and COVID-19: Impact of Cross-Cultural Dimensions on Behavioral Responses
Nair, N., Selvaraj, P., & Nambudiri, R. (2022) · Encyclopedia · doi:10.3390/encyclopedia2030081 · Cited by 25
“Early in the pandemic, when pharmaceutical interventions were limited, some researchers called for recognizing and changing behavior to control the transmission of the virus [12].”
BackgroundNudging societally relevant behavior by promoting cognitive inferences
Dessel, P. V., Boddez, Y., & Hughes, S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12964-1 · Cited by 22
A Pandemic of Misbelief: How Beliefs Promote or Undermine COVID-19 Mitigation
Vitriol, J. A., & Marsh, J. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Political Science · doi:10.3389/fpos.2021.648082 · Cited by 21
Who complies with coronavirus disease 2019 precautions and who does not?
Urbán, R., Király, O., & Demetrovics, Z. (2021) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000723 · Cited by 35
Antonini, M., Genie, M. G., Attema, A. E., Attwell, K., Balogh, Z. J., Behmane, D., Berardi, C., Brammli‐Greenberg, S., Greenland, A., Hagen, T. P., et al. (2024) · Health Policy and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.hlpt.2024.100849 · Cited by 20
Psychologically-Valid Generative Agents: A Novel Approach to Agent-Based Modeling in Social Sciences
Mitsopoulos, K., Bose, R., Mather, B., Bhatia, A., Gluck, K. A., Dorr, B. J., Lebiere, C. J., & Pirolli, P. L. T. (2024) · Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series · doi:10.1609/aaaiss.v2i1.27698 · Cited by 15
“…of modeling human behavior (e.g., social distancing; vaccination) at population scales because decisions regarding behavior are central to modulating pathogen transmission (West et al. 2020) and crucial to forecasting the dynamics of viral transmission and resulting infection cases and deaths.”
BackgroundByrne-Davis, L., Turner, R., Amatya, S., Ashton, C., Bull, E., Chater, A., Lewis, L., Shorter, G., Whittaker, E., & Hart, J. (2022) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103527 · Cited by 18
The effects of organizational climate on adherence to guidelines for COVID-19 prevention
Hubert, P., Hadi, S. A., Mojzisch, A., & Häusser, J. A. (2021) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114622 · Cited by 23
Bos, V. L. L. C., Jansen, T., Klazinga, N., & Kringos, D. S. (2021) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/31161 · Cited by 24
Effective Communication at Different Phases of COVID-19 Prevention: Roles, Enablers and Barriers
Hanafiah, K. M., Ng, C., & Wan, A. M. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13061058 · Cited by 22
“Strategies for behavior change that have been proposed include [81,82]: (1) creating a mental model that captures the process of viral transmission to rationalise action; (2) creating social norms targeting self-identity and the influence of socially-modeled behavior; (3) creating the right level and type of emotion b…”
BackgroundThe Role of Attitudes, Affect, and Income in Predicting COVID-19 Behavioral Intentions
Clemens, K. S., Matkovic, J., Faasse, K., & Geers, A. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.567397 · Cited by 19
Rescuing Unwanted Household Goods: Moving Towards a Circular Economy
Chad, P. (2023) · Australasian Marketing Journal · doi:10.1177/14413582231165268 · Cited by 17
“Whilst typically utilised within the health field (e.g. West et al., 2020 examining Covid), the model has potential for use in broader settings and is utilised in this current research.”
MethodHasan, M. Z., Hasan, A. M. R., Rabbani, M. G., Selim, M. A., & Mahmood, S. S. (2022) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0001017 · Cited by 19
“Therefore, controlling the spread of the virus with a behaviour change intervention related to transmission prevention is still considered as the most effective measure to protect people from the disease in the absence of pharmaceutical interventions [7].”
BackgroundFacial mask personalization encourages facial mask wearing in times of COVID-19
Palcu, J., Schreier, M., & Janiszewski, C. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04681-y · Cited by 17
Yu, H., Li, J., Bardin, S., Gu, H., & Fan, C. (2021) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi10080510 · Cited by 16
“Although medical researchers have developed therapeutic drugs and vaccines to prevent contracting coronavirus, reasonable social isolation measures are still largely effective in controlling the spread of COVID-19 [52].”
BackgroundCascante-Vega, J., Torres-Florez, S., Cordovez, J., & Santos-Vega, M. (2021) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1101/2021.04.13.21255395 · Cited by 17
“On of those is the understanding of the effect 6 of individuals behavior on the disease population dynamics, which has recently been 7 highlighted as a response to reduce contact rates and therefore pathogen transmission 8 across populations [3].”
BackgroundSimpson, A., Beauchamp, M. R., Dimmock, J. A., Willis, C., & Jackson, B. (2025) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.102918 · Cited by 23
Half a century of quantitative cultural evolution
Fogarty, L., Kandler, A., Creanza, N., & Feldman, M. W. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2418106121 · Cited by 20
Non-adherence to COVID-19 lockdown: who are they? A cross-sectional study in Portugal
Noronha, N., Moniz, M., Gama, A. F., Laires, P. A., Goes, A. R., Pedro, A. R., Dias, S., Soares, P., & Nunes, C. (2022) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2022.07.001 · Cited by 15
Windsor, L. C., Benoit, E., Pinto, R. M., & Sarol, J. N., Jr. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06216-w · Cited by 19
“Specifically, concerning prevention behaviors needed to accomplish the CoPCT, we are grounding this research in the capability–opportunity– motivation–behavior (COM-B) model [19].”
Tutorial. A Behavioral Analysis of Rationality, Nudging, and Boosting: Implications for Policymaking
Tagliabue, M. (2022) · Perspectives on Behavior Science · doi:10.1007/s40614-021-00324-9 · Cited by 28
Risk Perception of COVID-19 in Indonesia During the First Stage of the Pandemic
Tejamaya, M., Widanarko, B., Erwandi, D., Putri, A. A., Sunarno, S. D. A. M., Wirawan, I. M. A., Kurniawan, B., & Thamrin, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.731459 · Cited by 23
“In order to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, behavioral changes in communities play a crucial role (10, 11).”
Backgroundden Daas, C., Hubbard, G., Johnston, M., & Dixon, D. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044135 · Cited by 16
Staying Home, Distancing, and Face Masks: COVID-19 Prevention among U.S. Women in The COPE Study
Anderson, K. M., & Stockman, J. K. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18010180 · Cited by 20
“Physical distancing can be promoted by visual cues and limits on space density [3], but is limited by the availability of space and compliance of other individuals in ones’ surroundings.”
BackgroundInfluentialBourassa, K. J. (2020) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000905 · Cited by 16
“, smoking and physical activity; 11), previous social and behavioral scientific research (12,13) on health behavior (14) and health behavior change (5,6,15) could be productively used to promote social distancing behaviors if it becomes necessary to do so in the future.”
BackgroundEnticott, J., Slifirski, W., Lavoie, K. L., Bacon, S. L., Teede, H. J., & Boyle, J. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.630189 · Cited by 15
“These questions captured the likelihood of adhering to: (1) physical distancing; (2) self-quarantining; and (3)”
BackgroundMethodAsmat-Campos, D. A., Rojas‐Jaimes, J., de Oca-Vásquez, G. M., Nazario-Naveda, R., Delfín-Narciso, D., Juárez-Cortijo, L., Bayona, D. A. E., Diringer, B., Pereira, R., & Menezes, D. B. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36910-x · Cited by 22
IoT-Based Smart Air Conditioner as a Preventive in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Review
Saputra, D. I. S., Suarnatha, I. P. D., Mahardika, F., Wijanarko, A., & Handani, S. W. (2023) · Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) · doi:10.18196/jrc.v4i1.17090 · Cited by 21
“The SARS-CoV-2 virus, a new type of coronavirus, is what causes COVID-19, an illness [19], [20].”
Improving Hand Hygiene Behavior Using a Novel Theory-Based Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Smith, S. R., Hagger, M. S., Keech, J. J., Moyers, S. A., & Hamilton, K. (2022) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaac041 · Cited by 18
Althobaity, Y. M., Wu, J., & Tildesley, M. J. (2022) · Infectious Disease Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.idm.2022.08.005 · Cited by 11
“As was the case during the initial waves of COVID-19, when non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were the only available mitigation measures [48], now that vaccines are finally available, our findings call for adequate strategies to maintain vigilance and compliance with COVID-safe behaviours, such as mask-wearing,…”
BackgroundNanoscience versus Viruses: The SARS‐CoV‐2 Case
Gościańska, J., Freund, R., & Wuttke, S. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202107826 · Cited by 21
Hanratty, J., Bradley, D., Miller, S. J., & Dempster, M. (2021) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103423 · Cited by 16
“Vaccines have become available, but behavioural measures to reduce the spread continue to be important (Michie & West, 2020).”
Berselli, N., Filippini, T., Paduano, S., Malavolti, M., Modenese, A., Gobba, F., Borella, P., Marchesi, I., Vivoli, R., Perlini, P., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health · doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01826 · Cited by 17
Template for Rapid Iterative Consensus of Experts (TRICE)
Chater, A., Shorter, G. W., Swanson, V., Kamal, A., Epton, T., Arden, M. A., Hart, J., Byrne-Davis, L. M. T., Drury, J., Whittaker, E., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910255 · Cited by 15
“, hand hygiene, wearing face coverings, physical-distancing) [18-20], this was deemed the most appropriate framework to use.”
MethodGlobal short-term forecasting of COVID-19 cases
Oliveira, T. D. P., & Moral, R. D. A. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87230-x · Cited by 16
Bélanger‐Gravel, A., Janezic, I., Desroches, S., Paquette, M.-C., Therrien, F., Barnett, T. A., Lavoie, K., & Gauvin, L. I. (2023) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-09455-y · Cited by 17
Wiedemann, R., & Inauen, J. (2023) · Environmental Research Letters · doi:10.1088/1748-9326/acbe51 · Cited by 15
“…been broadly applied tomany different topics, and has been shown to reliably characterize behavior change interventions (including environmental issues, e.g. biodiversity protection;Marselle et al 2021), and to inform intervention development (e.g. regarding COVID-19 prevention; West et al 2020b).”
BackgroundThe transmission game: Testing behavioral interventions in a pandemic-like simulation
Woike, J. K., Hafenbrädl, S., Kanngiesser, P., & Hertwig, R. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abk0428 · Cited by 14
Freeman, A. L. J., Parker, S. T., Noakes, C. J., Fitzgerald, S., Smyth, A., Macbeth, R., Spiegelhalter, D. J., & Rutter, H. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050869 · Cited by 15
Peixoto, S. V., Nascimento-Souza, M. A., Mambrini, J. V. D. M., de Andrade, F. B., Malta, D. C., & Lima‐Costa, M. F. (2020) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00195420 · Cited by 24
Dandapat, S., Bhattacharyya, K., Annam, S., Saysardar, K., & Maitra, B. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3692923 · Cited by 14
Hoàng, V., Saviolidis, N. M., Ólafsdóttir, G., Bogason, S. G., Hubbard, C., Samoggia, A., Nguyen, V., & Nguyen, D. N. (2023) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2023.09.016 · Cited by 18
Underlying Principles of a Covid-19 Behavioral Vaccine for a Sustainable Cultural Change
Couto, K., Lorenzo, F. M., Tagliabue, M., Henriques, M. B., & Freitas-Lemos, R. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17239066 · Cited by 13
“Physical distancing is amongst the most effective behavioral measures against the further spread of COVID-19, and it aims to “minimize the risk of direct transmission of the virus via inhaled droplets” [83], p.”
BackgroundInauen, J., & Zhou, G. (2020) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12245 · Cited by 13
“In the absence of a vaccine, behavior change is the key to prevent transmission (West et al., 2020).”
BackgroundShi, M., Zhang, F.-Y., He, X., Huang, S., Zhang, M., & Hu, X.-Y. (2020) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06690-z · Cited by 13
Management of mental health during COVID 19 pandemic: possible strategies
Sohel, M., Hossain, M., Hasan, M. Z., Haque, A., Islam, M., Amin, M. R., & bin Emran, T. (2021) · doi:10.5455/jabet.2021.d128 · Cited by 13
“have been introduced worldwide to minimize virus transmission [114].”
BackgroundThe Impact of Risk Compensation Adaptive Behavior on the Final Epidemic Size
Espinoza, B., Chen, J., Orr, M., Saad-Roy, C. M., Levin, S. A., & MARATHE, M. V. (2024) · Mathematical Biosciences · doi:10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109370 · Cited by 9
Wu, J., Robinson, S., Tsemg, J.-S., Hsu, Y.-P., Hsieh, M.-C., & Chen, Y.-C. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107525 · Cited by 18
Allimuthu, U., & Mahalakshmi, K. (2022) · Journal on spesial topics in mobile networks and applications · doi:10.1007/s11036-022-02040-3 · Cited by 12
“Even though, this research has worked and formed the applied tools above to help remotely monitor customer and their use in an effective manner [74].”
BackgroundZhang, Q., Phang, C. W., & Zhang, C. (2022) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2022.101749 · Cited by 15
“…interventions that involve offline behavioural changes, such as isolation and social distancing, have been shown to be effective in reducing COVID-19 spread (Anderson, Heesterbeek, Klinkenberg, & Hollingsworth, 2020; Pan et al., 2020; Prem et al., 2020; West, Susan Michie, Rubin, & Aml ˆ ot, 2020;)”
BackgroundBonner, C., Batcup, C., Cvejic, E., Ayre, J., Pickles, K. M., Copp, T., Cornell, S., Nickel, B., Dhahir, M., & McCaffery, K. J. (2023) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/40441 · Cited by 12
“A key preventive behavior in the early stages of the pandemic was polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for COVID-19 [2].”
Fullerton, M. M., Benham, J. L., Graves, A., Fazel, S. S., Doucette, E. J., Oxoby, R. J., Mourali, M., Boucher, J.-C., Constantinescu, C., Leigh, J. P., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054635 · Cited by 15
Low, L. L., Tong, S. F., Ang, J. Y., Abdullah, Z., Hamid, M. A., Risman, M. S., Wong, Y. T., Jamalul-lail, N. I., Chelladorai, K., Tan, Y. P., et al. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12819-4 · Cited by 13
“The COM-B model introduced Capability, Opportunity and Motivation into a model by focusing on promoting individual behaviour adherence to public health interventions [22].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTiered restrictions for COVID-19 in England: knowledge, motivation and self-reported behaviour
Smith, L. E., Potts, H., Amlȏt, R., Fear, N., Michie, S., & Rubin, G. (2022) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2021.12.016 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- West, R., Michie, S., Rubin, G. J., & Amlôt, R.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- Public Health England (GB)
- Corresponding author
- West, Robert
- Venue
- Nature Human Behaviour
- Published
- 2020-05-06
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 451-459
- ISSN
- 2397-3374 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3021447918
- Cited by
- 658
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 133 · 2021: 206 · 2020: 109
- FWCI
- 21.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Human Behaviour (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Department of Health and Social Care
- University of East Anglia
- King's College London
- Public Health England
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › COVID-19 Prevention and Impact
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2 transmission, COVID-19 pandemic, behaviour change interventions, face masks, hand washing, social distancing, behavioral science, droplet transmission
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Communicable Disease Control, Disease Outbreaks, Hand Disinfection, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Quarantine, Health Behavior, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Infections, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Pandemics, Hand Hygiene
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