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Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health emergency, with resistance detected to all antibiotics currently in clinical use and only a few novel drugs in the pipeline. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that bacteria use to resist the action of antimicrobials is critical to recognize global patterns of resistance and to improve the use of current drugs, as well as for the design of new drugs less susceptible to resistance development and novel strategies to combat resistance. In this Review, we explore recent advances in understanding how resistance genes contribute to the biology of the host, new structural details of relevant molecular events underpinning resistance, the identification of new resistance gene families and the interactions between different resistance mechanisms. Finally, we discuss how we can use this information to develop the next generation of antimicrobial therapies.
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“Efflux pumps, which facilitate multidrug resistance by expelling a broad range of antibiotics41, were also prevalent across multiple strains, particularly within Escherichia and Klebsiella, further complicating treatment options for infections by these pathogens in preterm infants.”
From Impact of early life antibiotic and probiotic treatment on gut microbiome and resistome of very-low-birth-weight preterm infants. (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Darby, E. M., Trampari, E., Siasat, P., Gaya, M. S., Alav, I., Webber, M. A., & Blair, J. M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Quadram Institute (GB)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Webber, Mark A.
- Blair, Jessica M. A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Microbiology
- Published
- 2022-11-21
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 280-295
- ISSN
- 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
- 1740-1534
- OpenAlex
- W4309666648
- Cited by
- 1,398
- References
- 235
- Citations by year
- 2026: 369 · 2025: 497 · 2024: 382 · 2023: 146 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 19.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2024-02-02)
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (2438035)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/F/00044426, BBS/E/F/000PR10349)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Keywords
- antibiotic resistance, molecular mechanisms of resistance, resistance genes, antibiotic efflux, drug modification
- MeSH terms
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Global Health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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