Object-vector coding in the medial entorhinal cortex
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
The hippocampus and the medial entorhinal cortex are part of a brain system that maps self-location during navigation in the proximal environment 1,2. In this system, correlations between neural firing and an animal's position or orientation are so evident that cell types have been given simple descriptive names, such as place cells 3, grid cells 4, border cells 5,6 and head-direction cells 7. While the number of identified functional cell types is growing at a steady rate, insights remain limited by an almost-exclusive reliance on recordings from rodents foraging in empty enclosures that are different from the richly populated, geometrically irregular environments of the natural world. In environments that contain discrete objects, animals are known to store information about distance and direction to those objects and to use this vector information to guide navigation 8-10. Theoretical studies have proposed that such vector operations are supported by neurons that use distance and direction from discrete objects 11,12 or boundaries 13,14 to determine the animal's location, but-although some cells with vector-coding properties may be present in the hippocampus 15 and subiculum 16,17-it remains to be determined whether and how vectorial operations are implemented in the wider neural representation of space. Here we show that a large fraction of medial entorhinal cortex neurons fire specifically when mice are at given distances and directions from spatially confined objects. These 'object-vector cells' are tuned equally to a spectrum of discrete objects, irrespective of their location in the test arena, as well as to a broad range of dimensions and shapes, from point-like objects to extended surfaces. Our findings point to vector coding as a predominant form of position coding in the medial entorhinal cortex.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Theoretical models propose that remapping occurs because cells respond to global contextual cues in order to decorrelate related experiences with distinct contextual relevance.
“Theoretical models of this phenomenon propose that remapping occurs because these cells are responding to global contextual cues (like arousal or attention) in order to decorrelate related experiences with distinct contextual relevance.27,28”
From Remapping in a recurrent neural network model of navigation and context inference (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
MEC neurons respond at fixed distances and directions from objects, irrespective of location, shape and size of objects, and have been called object-vector cells.
“Strikingly, the MEC neurons respond at fixed distances and directions from objects, irrespective of location, shape and size of objects, and have been called object-vector cells (Hoydal et al., 2019).”
From The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties (2020) · cites this paper as Hoydal et al., 2019
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat
O'Keefe, J., & Dostrovsky, J. (1971) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(71)90358-1 · Cited by 6,151 · see citing works
Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex
Hafting, T., Fyhn, M., Molden, S., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03721 · Cited by 4,068 · see citing works
Self-citationDynamics of the Hippocampal Ensemble Code for Space
Wilson, M. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8351520 · Cited by 2,350 · see citing works
Path integration and the neural basis of the 'cognitive map'
McNaughton, B. L., Battaglia, F. P., Jensen, O., Moser, E. I., & Moser, M.-B. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1932 · Cited by 2,024 · see citing works
Self-citationPlace Cells, Grid Cells, and the Brain's Spatial Representation System
Moser, E. I., Kropff, E., & Moser, M.-B. (2008) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.31.061307.090723 · Cited by 1,934 · see citing works
Self-citationPlace units in the hippocampus of the freely moving rat
O'Keefe, J. (1976) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(76)90055-8 · Cited by 1,836 · see citing works
Taube, J., Muller, R., & Ranck, J. (1990) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-02-00420.1990 · Cited by 1,809 · see citing works
The effects of changes in the environment on the spatial firing of hippocampal complex-spike cells
Muller, R., & Kubie, J. (1987) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.07-07-01951.1987 · Cited by 1,581 · see citing works
Conjunctive Representation of Position, Direction, and Velocity in Entorhinal Cortex
Sargolini, F., Fyhn, M., Hafting, T., McNaughton, B. L., Witter, M. P., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1125572 · Cited by 1,485 · see citing works
Self-citationSpatial representation in the entorhinal cortex
Fyhn, M., Molden, S., Witter, M. P., Moser, E. I., & Moser, M.-B. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1099901 · Cited by 1,339 · see citing works
Self-citationRepresentation of Geometric Borders in the Entorhinal Cortex
Solstad, T., Boccara, C. N., Kropff, E., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1166466 · Cited by 1,213 · see citing works
Self-citationGeometric determinants of the place fields of hippocampal neurons
O'Keefe, J., & Burgess, N. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/381425a0 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works
Independent Codes for Spatial and Episodic Memory in Hippocampal Neuronal Ensembles
Leutgeb, S., Leutgeb, J. K., Barnes, C. A., Moser, E. I., McNaughton, B. L., & Moser, M. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1114037 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Self-citationTaube, J. S., Muller, R., & Ranck, J. B. (1990) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.10-02-00436.1990 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
Distinct Ensemble Codes in Hippocampal Areas CA3 and CA1
Leutgeb, S., Leutgeb, J. K., Treves, A., Moser, M., & Moser, E. I. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1100265 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
Self-citationBoundary Vector Cells in the Subiculum of the Hippocampal Formation
Lever, C., Burton, S., Jeewajee, A., O'Keefe, J., & Burgess, N. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1319-09.2009 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Hippocampal remapping and grid realignment in entorhinal cortex
Fyhn, M., Hafting, T., Treves, A., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05601 · Cited by 749 · see citing works
Self-citationSpeed cells in the medial entorhinal cortex
Kropff, E., Carmichael, J. E., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14622 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of the Spatial Representation System in the Rat
Langston, R. F., Ainge, J. A., Couey, J. J., Canto, C. B., Bjerknes, T. L., Witter, M. P., Moser, E. I., & Moser, M. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1188210 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantitative measures of cluster quality for use in extracellular recordings
Schmitzer-Torbert, N. C., Jackson, J. C., Henze, D. A., Harris, K., & Redish, A. D. (2005) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.09.066 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
Experience‐dependent modifications of hippocampal place cell firing
Bostock, E., Muller, R. U., & Kubie, J. L. (1991) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.450010207 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
On the Integration of Space, Time, and Memory
Eichenbaum, H. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.036 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Gothard, K., Skaggs, W. E., Moore, K. L., & McNaughton, B. L. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-02-00823.1996 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Representation of Non-Spatial and Spatial Information in the Lateral Entorhinal Cortex
Deshmukh, S. S., & Knierim, J. J. (2011) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00069 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Coordination of entorhinal–hippocampal ensemble activity during associative learning
Igarashi, K. M., Lu, L., Colgin, L. L., Moser, M., & Moser, E. I. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13162 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Boundary Vector Cell Model of Place Cell Firing and Spatial Memory
Barry, C., Lever, C., Hayman, R., Hartley, T., Burton, S., O'Keefe, J., Jeffery, K., & Burgess, Ν. (2006) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro.2006.17.1-2.71 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Landmark learning and visuo-spatial memories in gerbils
Collett, T. S., Cartwright, B. A., & Smith, B. A. (1986) · Journal of Comparative Physiology A · doi:10.1007/bf01324825 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Eichenbaum, H., Kuperstein, M., Fagan, A., & Nagode, J. (1987) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.07-03-00716.1987 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Influence of boundary removal on the spatial representations of the medial entorhinal cortex
Savelli, F., Yoganarasimha, D., & Knierim, J. J. (2008) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.20511 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Grid cells require excitatory drive from the hippocampus
Bonnevie, T., Dunn, B. A., Fyhn, M., Hafting, T., Derdikman, D., Kubie, J. L., Roudi, Y., Moser, E. I., & Moser, M. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3311 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
Self-citationVectorial representation of spatial goals in the hippocampus of bats
Sarel, A., Finkelstein, A., Las, L., & Ulanovsky, N. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aak9589 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Place cells in the hippocampus: Eleven maps for eleven rooms
Alme, C. B., Miao, C., Jezek, K., Treves, A., Moser, E. I., & Moser, M.-B. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1421056111 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Self-citationSpecific evidence of low-dimensional continuous attractor dynamics in grid cells
Yoon, K., Buice, M. A., Barry, C., Hayman, R., Burgess, N., & Fiete, I. R. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3450 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Traces of experience in the lateral entorhinal cortex
Tsao, A., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I. (2013) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.036 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Self-citationEgocentric coding of external items in the lateral entorhinal cortex
Wang, C., Chen, X., Lee, H., Deshmukh, S. S., Yoganarasimha, D., Savelli, F., & Knierim, J. J. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau4940 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
The representation of space in the brain
Grieves, R. M., & Jeffery, K. J. (2016) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2016.12.012 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Rowland, D. C., Roudi, Y., Moser, M., & Moser, E. I. (2016) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-070815-013824 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationInfluence of local objects on hippocampal representations: Landmark vectors and memory
Deshmukh, S. S., & Knierim, J. J. (2013) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22101 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Köhler, C. (1988) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902710204 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Landmark stability is a prerequisite for spatial but not discrimination learning
Biegler, R., & Morris, R. G. M. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/361631a0 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Köhler, C. (1986) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902460202 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Place cells are more strongly tied to landmarks in deep than in superficial CA1
Geiller, T., Fattahi, M., Choi, J.-S., & Royer, S. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14531 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Connecting multiple spatial scales to decode the population activity of grid cells
Stemmler, M., Mathis, A., & Herz, A. V. M. (2015) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/science.1500816 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Representation of Geometric Borders in the Developing Rat
Bjerknes, T. L., Moser, E. I., & Moser, M. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.014 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationYoganarasimha, D., Yu, X., & Knierim, J. J. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3885-05.2006 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Deshmukh, S. S., Johnson, J. L., & Knierim, J. J. (2012) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22046 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Predictions derived from modelling the hippocampal role in navigation
Burgess, N., Andrew, J. O., Hartley, T., & O'Keefe, J. M. (2000) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s004220000172 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Correlation structure of grid cells is preserved during sleep
Gardner, R. J., Lu, L., Wernle, T., Moser, M., & Moser, E. I. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0360-0 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationMiao, C., Cao, Q., Moser, M., & Moser, E. I. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.050 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural Correlates of Long-Term Object Memory in the Mouse Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Weible, A. P., Rowland, D. C., Monaghan, C. K., Wolfgang, N. T., & Kentros, C. G. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5265-11.2012 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Trettel, S. G., Trimper, J. B., Hwaun, E., Fiete, I. R., & Colgin, L. L. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0359-6 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The Guidance of Desert Ants by Extended Landmarks
Collett, T. S., Collett, M., & Wehner, R. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.204.9.1635 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Witter, M. P., Room, P., Groenewegen, H. J., & Lohman, A. H. M. (1986) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902520105 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Biegler, R., & Morris, R. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.199.1.187 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Hippocampal global remapping for different sensory modalities in flying bats
Geva‐Sagiv, M., Romani, S., Las, L., & Ulanovsky, N. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4310 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Landmark stability: further studies pointing to a role in spatial learning.
(1996) · PubMed · doi:10.1080/713932636 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Neural encoding of large-scale three-dimensional space—properties and constraints
Jeffery, K. J., Wilson, J. J., Casali, G., & Hayman, R. M. A. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00927 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Correlation structure of grid cells is preserved during sleepPreprint
Gardner, R. J., Lu, L., Wernle, T., et al. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/198499 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Trettel, S. G., Trimper, J. B., Hwaun, E., et al. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/198671 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Wild hummingbirds rely on landmarks not geometry when learning an array of flowers
Hurly, T. A., Fox, T. A. O., Zwueste, D. M., & Healy, S. D. (2014) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-014-0748-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cortico-hippocampal communication by way of parallel parahippocampal-subicular pathways.
Lavenex (2000) · Pure Amsterdam UMC · doi:10.1002/1098-1063(2000)10:4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
What Is a Cognitive Map? Organizing Knowledge for Flexible Behavior
Behrens, T. E. J., Muller, T. H., Whittington, J. C. R., Mark, S., Baram, A. B., Stachenfeld, K. L., & Kurth-Nelson, Z. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.002 · Cited by 1,055 · see citing works
Navigating cognition: Spatial codes for human thinking
Bellmund, J. L. S., Gärdenfors, P., Moser, E. I., & Doeller, C. F. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat6766 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Self-citationWhittington, J. C. R., Muller, T. H., Mark, S., Chen, G., Barry, C., Burgess, N., & Behrens, T. E. J. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.024 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Dentate gyrus circuits for encoding, retrieval and discrimination of episodic memories
Hainmueller, T., & Bartos, M. (2020) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0260-z · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Entorhinal cortex dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease
Igarashi, K. M. (2022) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2022.11.006 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Whittington, J. C. R., McCaffary, D., Bakermans, J. J. W., & Behrens, T. E. J. (2022) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-022-01153-y · Cited by 245 · see citing works
A neural-level model of spatial memory and imagery
Bicanski, A., & Burgess, N. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.33752 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Egocentric boundary vector tuning of the retrosplenial cortex
Alexander, A. S., Carstensen, L. C., Hinman, J. R., Raudies, F., Chapman, G. W., & Hasselmo, M. E. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz2322 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Episodic memory: Neuronal codes for what, where, and when
Sugar, J., & Moser, M. (2019) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23132 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationThe extracellular matrix and perineuronal nets in memory
Fawcett, J. W., Fyhn, M., Jendelova, P., Kwok, J. C. F., Ruzicka, J., & Sorg, B. A. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01634-3 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Schafer, M., & Schiller, D. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.006 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Mammalian Navigation
Poulter, S. L., Hartley, T., & Lever, C. (2018) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.050 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Nilssen, E. S., Doan, T. P., Nigro, M. J., Ohara, S., & Witter, M. P. (2019) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23145 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Neuronal vector coding in spatial cognition
Bicanski, A., & Burgess, N. (2020) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-020-0336-9 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Chao, O. Y., de Souza Silva, M. A., Yang, Y.-M., & Huston, J. P. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.007 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Sosa, M., & Giocomo, L. M. (2021) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-021-00479-z · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Egocentric and allocentric representations of space in the rodent brain
Wang, C., Chen, X., & Knierim, J. J. (2020) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2019.11.005 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Baram, A. B., Müller, T., Nili, H., Garvert, M. M., & Behrens, T. E. J. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.11.024 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Correlation structure of grid cells is preserved during sleep
Gardner, R. J., Lu, L., Wernle, T., Moser, M., & Moser, E. I. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0360-0 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationBoundary-anchored neural mechanisms of location-encoding for self and others
Stangl, M., Topalovic, U., Inman, C. S., Hiller, S., Villaroman, D., Aghajan, Z. M., Christov‐Moore, L., Hasulak, N. R., Rao, V. R., Halpern, C. H., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03073-y · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The geometry of decision-making in individuals and collectives
Sridhar, V. H., Li, L., Gorbonos, D., Nagy, M., Schell, B. R., Sorochkin, T., Gov, N. S., & Couzin, I. D. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2102157118 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Structure learning and the posterior parietal cortex
Summerfield, C., Luyckx, F., & Sheahan, H. (2020) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101717 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Samborska, V., Butler, J. L., Walton, M. E., Behrens, T. E. J., & Akam, T. (2022) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-022-01149-8 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Converting an allocentric goal into an egocentric steering signal
Mussells Pires, P., Zhang, L., Parache, V., Abbott, L. F., & Maimon, G. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-07006-3 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
CA1-projecting subiculum neurons facilitate object–place learning
Sun, Y., Jin, S., Lin, X., Chen, L., Qiao, X., Jiang, L., Zhou, P., Johnston, K. G., Golshani, P., Nie, Q. H., et al. (2019) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0496-y · Cited by 111 · see citing works
A temporal record of the past with a spectrum of time constants in the monkey entorhinal cortex
Bright, I. M., Meister, M. L. R., Cruzado, N. A., Tiganj, Z., Buffalo, E. A., & Howard, M. W. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1917197117 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Replay and compositional computation
Kurth-Nelson, Z. L., Behrens, T. E. J., Wayne, G., Miller, K. J., Luettgau, L., Dolan, R. J., Liu, Y., & Schwartenbeck, P. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.028 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The retrosplenial-parietal network and reference frame coordination for spatial navigation.
Clark, B. J., Simmons, C. M., Berkowitz, L. E., & Wilber, A. A. (2018) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/bne0000260 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Savelli, F., & Knierim, J. J. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.188912 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Doan, T. P., Lagartos-Donate, M. J., Nilssen, E. S., Ohara, S., & Witter, M. P. (2019) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.005 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Functional properties of stellate cells in medial entorhinal cortex layer II
Rowland, D. C., Obenhaus, H. A., Skytøen, E. R., Zhang, Q., Kentros, C. G., Moser, E. I., & Moser, M. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.36664 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationVector trace cells in the subiculum of the hippocampal formation
Poulter, S. L., Lee, S. A., Dachtler, J., Wills, T. J., & Lever, C. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-00761-w · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Microcircuits for spatial coding in the medial entorhinal cortex
Tukker, J. J., Beed, P. S., Brecht, M., Kempter, R., Moser, E. I., & Schmitz, D. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00042.2020 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationA neural code for egocentric spatial maps in the human medial temporal lobe
Kunz, L., Brandt, A., Reinacher, P. C., Staresina, B. P., Reifenstein, E. T., Weidemann, C. T., Herweg, N. A., Patel, A., Tsitsiklis, M., Kempter, R., et al. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.019 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Distance-tuned neurons drive specialized path integration calculations in medial entorhinal cortex
Campbell, M. G., Attinger, A., Ocko, S. A., Ganguli, S., & Giocomo, L. M. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109669 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Heading direction with respect to a reference point modulates place-cell activity
Jercog, P. E., Ahmadian, Y., Woodruff, C. M., Deb-Sen, R., Abbott, L. F., & Kandel, E. R. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10139-7 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Entorhinal-retrosplenial circuits for allocentric-egocentric transformation of boundary coding
G., V. W. J. B., Babl, S. S., & Ito, H. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.59816 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
High-resolution neural recordings improve the accuracy of speech decoding
Duraivel, S., Rahimpour, S., Chiang, C.-H., Trumpis, M., Wang, C., Barth, K., Harward, S. C., Lad, S. P., Friedman, A. H., Southwell, D. G., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42555-1 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Episodic Memory formation: A review of complex Hippocampus input pathways
Danieli, K., Guyon, A., & Bethus, I. (2023) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110757 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Episodic and associative memory from spatial scaffolds in the hippocampus
Chandra, S., Sharma, S., Chaudhuri, R., & Fiete, I. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08392-y · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Dynamic and reversible remapping of network representations in an unchanging environment
Low, I. I. C., Williams, A. H., Campbell, M. G., Linderman, S. W., & Giocomo, L. M. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.07.005 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Alexander, A. S., Robinson, J. C., Stern, C. E., & Hasselmo, M. E. (2023) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23513 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Similarities and differences in spatial and non-spatial cognitive maps
Wu, C. M., Schulz, E., Garvert, M. M., Meder, B., & Schuck, N. W. (2020) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008149 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Place cell maps slowly develop via competitive learning and conjunctive coding in the dentate gyrus
Kim, S., Jung, D., & Royer, S. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18351-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Kinkhabwala, A. A., Gu, Y., Aronov, D., & Tank, D. W. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.43140 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Bowler, J. C., & Losonczy, A. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.013 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Natural switches in behaviour rapidly modulate hippocampal coding
Sarel, A., Palgi, S., Blum, D., Aljadeff, J., Las, L., & Ulanovsky, N. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05112-2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Object-centered population coding in CA1 of the hippocampus
Nagelhus, A., Andersson, S. O., Cogno, S. G., Moser, E. I., & Moser, M. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.008 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationRamping activity in midbrain dopamine neurons signifies the use of a cognitive mapPreprint
Guru, A., Seo, C., Post, R. J., Kullakanda, D. S., Schaffer, J. A., & Warden, M. R. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.05.21.108886 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Functional network topography of the medial entorhinal cortex
Obenhaus, H. A., Zong, W., Jacobsen, R. I., Rose, T., Donato, F., Chen, L., Cheng, H., Bonhoeffer, T., Moser, M., & Moser, E. I. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2121655119 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationMouse entorhinal cortex encodes a diverse repertoire of self-motion signals
Mallory, C. S., Hardcastle, K., Campbell, M. G., Attinger, A., Low, I. I. C., Raymond, J. L., & Giocomo, L. M. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-20936-8 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Rolls, E. T. (2019) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23171 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The Neuroscience of Spatial Navigation and the Relationship to Artificial Intelligence
Bermudez-Contreras, E. J., Clark, B. J., & Wilber, A. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2020.00063 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Hippocampal Horizon: Constructing and Segmenting Experience for Episodic Memory
Ross, T. W., & Easton, A. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.038 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Wittkuhn, L., Chien, S., Hall-McMaster, S., & Schuck, N. W. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.08.002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Task-dependent mixed selectivity in the subiculum
Ledergerber, D., Battistin, C., Blackstad, J. S., Gardner, R. J., Witter, M. P., Moser, M., Roudi, Y., & Moser, E. I. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109175 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationInhibitory Connectivity Dominates the Fan Cell Network in Layer II of Lateral Entorhinal Cortex
Nilssen, E. S., Jacobsen, B., Fjeld, G., Nair, R. R., Blankvoort, S., Kentros, C. G., & Witter, M. P. (2018) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1290-18.2018 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Silva, A., & Martínez, M. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1082158 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Constructing future behavior in the hippocampal formation through composition and replay
Bakermans, J. J. W., Warren, J., Whittington, J. C. R., & Behrens, T. E. J. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01908-3 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Shine, J. P., Valdés-Herrera, J. P., Tempelmann, C., & Wolbers, T. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11802-9 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Madhav, M. S., & Cowan, N. J. (2020) · Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems · doi:10.1146/annurev-control-060117-104856 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Alexander, A. S., Robinson, J. C., Dannenberg, H., Kinsky, N. R., Levy, S. J., Mau, W., Chapman, G. W., Sullivan, D. W., & Hasselmo, M. E. (2020) · Brain and Neuroscience Advances · doi:10.1177/2398212820972871 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Secondary Motor Cortex Transforms Spatial Information into Planned Action during Navigation
Olson, J. M., Li, J. K., Montgomery, S. E., & Nitz, D. A. (2020) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.016 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Flexible encoding of objects and space in single cells of the dentate gyrus
GoodSmith, D., Kim, S. H., Puliyadi, V., Ming, G., Song, H., Knierim, J. J., & Christian, K. M. (2022) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.023 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Diersch, N., Valdés-Herrera, J. P., Tempelmann, C., & Wolbers, T. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0528-20.2021 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Impaired Spatial Reorientation in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Stimmell, A. C., Baglietto‐Vargas, D., Moseley, S. C., Lapointe, V., Thompson, L. M., LaFerla, F. M., McNaughton, B. L., & Wilber, A. A. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37151-z · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Neurons including hippocampal spatial view cells, and navigation in primates including humans
Rolls, E. T. (2021) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23324 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
One-shot entorhinal maps enable flexible navigation in novel environments
Wen, J. H., Sorscher, B., Jones, E. A. A., Ganguli, S., & Giocomo, L. M. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08034-3 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The effects of developmental alcohol exposure on the neurobiology of spatial processing
Harvey, R. E., Berkowitz, L. E., Hamilton, D. A., & Clark, B. J. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.018 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A neural code for egocentric spatial maps in the human medial temporal lobePreprint
Kunz, L., Brandt, A., Reinacher, P. C., Staresina, B. P., Reifenstein, E. T., Weidemann, C. T., Herweg, N. A., Tsitsiklis, M., Kempter, R., Kahana, M. J., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.03.03.973131 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Viganò, S., Bayramova, R., Doeller, C. F., & Bottini, R. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-43831-w · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Object and place information processing by CA1 hippocampal neurons of C57BL/6J mice
Ásgeirsdóttir, H. N., Cohen, S. J., & Stackman, R. W. (2020) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00278.2019 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kim, M., Ham, Y., Koo, C., & Kim, T. W. (2022) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104715 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A map of spatial navigation for neuroscience
Parra-Barrero, E., Vijayabaskaran, S., Seabrook, E., Wiskott, L., & Cheng, S. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105200 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Predictive grid coding in the medial entorhinal cortex
Ouchi, A., & Fujisawa, S. (2024) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.ado4166 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Subicular neurons encode concave and convex geometries
Sun, Y., Nitz, D. A., Xu, X., & Giocomo, L. M. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07139-z · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hippocampal beta oscillations predict mouse object‐location associative memory performance
Iwasaki, S., Sasaki, T., & Ikegaya, Y. (2021) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23311 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Object and object‐memory representations across the proximodistal axis of CA1
Vandrey, B., Duncan, S., & Ainge, J. A. (2021) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23331 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Interactions between rodent visual and spatial systems during navigation
Saleem, A. B., & Busse, L. (2023) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-023-00716-7 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The Hippocampus and Social Impairment in Psychiatric DisordersPreprint
Schafer, M., & Schiller, D. (2018) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.2018.83.037614 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Whittington, J. C. R., Dorrell, W., Behrens, T. E. J., Ganguli, S., & El-Gaby, M. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.10.017 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Jung, D., Kim, S., Sariev, A., Sharif, F., Kim, D., & Royer, S. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45983-6 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Mosheiff, N., & Burak, Y. (2019) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.48494 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Environmental deformations dynamically shift human spatial memory
Keinath, A. T., Rechnitz, O., Balasubramanian, V., & Epstein, R. A. (2020) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23265 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
A consistent map in the medial entorhinal cortex supports spatial memory
Malone, T. J., Tien, N.-W., Ma, Y., Cui, L., Lyu, S., Wang, G., Nguyen, D., Zhang, K., Myroshnychenko, M., Tyan, J., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45853-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Gobbo, F., Mitchell‐Heggs, R., Tse, D., Omrani, M. A., Spooner, P. A., Schultz, S. R., & Morris, R. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2212152119 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Entorhinal transformations in abstract frames of reference
Kaplan, R., & Friston, K. J. (2019) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000230 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Conjunctive reward–place coding properties of dorsal distal CA1 hippocampus cells
Xiao, Z.-C., Lin, K., & Fellous, J. (2020) · Biological Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s00422-020-00830-0 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Samborska, V., Butler, J. L., Walton, M. E., Behrens, T. E. J., & Akam, T. E. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.05.433967 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Chen, X., Vieweg, P., & Wolbers, T. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116074 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Lateral entorhinal cortex lesions impair odor‐context associative memory in male rats
Persson, B. M., Ambrozova, V., Duncan, S., Wood, E. R., O’Connor, A. R., & Ainge, J. A. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.25027 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Vandrey, B., Armstrong, J., Brown, C. M., Garden, D. L. F., & Nolan, M. F. (2022) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.83008 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Muessig, L., Ribeiro Rodrigues, F., Bjerknes, T. L., Towse, B. W., Barry, C., Burgess, N., Moser, E. I., Moser, M.-B., Cacucci, F., & Wills, T. J. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45098-1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationDumont, N. S.-Y., Stöckel, A., Furlong, P. M., Bartlett, M. E., Eliasmith, C., & Stewart, T. C. (2023) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci13020245 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Significance of visual scene‐based learning in the hippocampal systems across mammalian species
Lee, S., Shin, J., & Lee, I. (2022) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.23483 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A simple cognitive model explains movement decisions in zebrafish while following leaders
Oscar, L., Li, L., Gorbonos, D., Couzin, I. D., & Gov, N. S. (2023) · Physical Biology · doi:10.1088/1478-3975/acd298 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Unpacking the navigation toolbox: insights from comparative cognition
Jeffery, K. J., Cheng, K., Newcombe, N. S., Bingman, V. P., & Menzel, R. (2024) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2023.1304 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Distinct manifold encoding of navigational information in the subiculum and hippocampus
Nakai, S., Kitanishi, T., & Mizuseki, K. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi4471 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Distal tuft dendrites predict properties of new hippocampal place fields
O’Hare, J. K., Wang, J., Shala, M. D., Polleux, F., & Losonczy, A. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.03.029 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Neural Responses in Retrosplenial Cortex Associated With Environmental Alterations
Carstensen, L. C., Alexander, A. S., Chapman, G. W., Lee, A. J., & Hasselmo, M. E. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103377 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Høydal, Ø. A., Skytøen, E. R., Andersson, S. O., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Høydal, Øyvind Arne
- Moser, Edvard I.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2019-04
- Volume
- 568
- Issue
- 7752
- Pages
- 400-404
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2952062681
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 18.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Kavli Foundation
- Norges Forskningsråd (223262, #197467)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- medial entorhinal cortex, vector coding, spatial navigation, place cells, grid cells, head direction cells, border cells, mouse navigation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cues, Hippocampus, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Space Perception, Entorhinal Cortex, Mice, Spatial Learning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
