Place Cells, Grid Cells, and the Brain's Spatial Representation System
Abstract
More than three decades of research have demonstrated a role for hippocampal place cells in representation of the spatial environment in the brain. New studies have shown that place cells are part of a broader circuit for dynamic representation of self-location. A key component of this network is the entorhinal grid cells, which, by virtue of their tessellating firing fields, may provide the elements of a path integration–based neural map. Here we review how place cells and grid cells may form the basis for quantitative spatiotemporal representation of places, routes, and associated experiences during behavior and in memory. Because these cell types have some of the most conspicuous behavioral correlates among neurons in nonsensory cortical systems, and because their spatial firing structure reflects computations internally in the system, studies of entorhinal-hippocampal representations may offer considerable insight into general principles of cortical network dynamics.
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Some teleost spatial strategies necessarily involve complex learning and memory capabilities and require flexible representational mechanisms, the most remarkable of which is allocentric navigation based on map-like spatial memory.
“Some of these spatial strategies necessarily involve complex learning and memory capabilities and require the concurrence of flexible representational mechanisms, the most remarkable of which probably is allocentric navigation based on map-like spatial memory”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [74]
Such hypothetical memory representations presumably encode the spatial relationships between all known places and landmarks in a common allocentric reference frame or unitary global map, accessible as a whole, and can operate to infer spatial relationships between any represented elements.
“Such hypothetical memory representations presumably encode the spatial relationships between all the known places and landmarks in a common allocentric reference frame or unitary global map, accessible as a whole, and that can operate to infer the spatial relationships between any of the represented elements.”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [74]
The failure in the use of a strategy based on local cues after massive modification of the global shape of the surrounding environment could be indicative of the triggering of a global remapping that leads subjects to perceive the substantially altered experimental setup as a novel environment.
“The failure in the use of a strategy based on local cues after the massive modification of the global shape of the surrounding environment could be indicative of the triggering of a global remapping that lead the subjects to perceive the substantially altered experimental setup as a novel environment”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [74]
In mammals, allocentric navigation involves an extended cortico-hippocampal network that conveys highly processed visual and multisensory information to hippocampal circuits for transformation into 'world-centered' relational spatial representations.
“In mammals, allocentric navigation is thought to involve the operation of an extended cortico-hippocampal network that conveys highly processed visual and multisensory information to the hippocampal circuits for further processing and transformation into “world-centered” relational spatial representations [74,76,79,188,189,190,191,192].”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [74]
Place cells, hippocampal neurons that fire when the animal occupies a particular location, are proposed as the higher instance of a brain system that builds map-like spatial memory representations anchored in the external world, contributing to allocentric navigation.
“The “place cells”, i.e., hippocampal neurons that fire when the animal occupies a particular location of the space, have been proposed to be the higher instance of a brain system that builds up map-like spatial memory representations anchored in the external world, contributing to the neural computations required for allocentric navigation [39,72,74,197,198].”
From Spatial Cognition in Teleost Fish: Strategies and Mechanisms (2021) · cites this paper as [74]
Brain representations of space are encoded by pyramidal cell assemblies in the hippocampus during active behavior.
“Brain representations of space are encoded by pyramidal cell assemblies in the hippocampus during active behavior1-3.”
From Dopaminergic neurons promote hippocampal reactivation and spatial memory persistence (2014) · cites this paper as [3]
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- Authors
- Moser, E. I., Kropff, E., & Moser, M.-B.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (IT)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2008-07-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 69-89
- ISSN
- 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4126
- OpenAlex
- W2123213117
- Semantic Scholar
- 8b9496321c1e3c3495e60fbc3627141a1f45fa21
- Cited by
- 1,934
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 95 · 2025: 136 · 2024: 131 · 2023: 127 · 2022: 128 · 2021: 128 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 154 · 2018: 117 · 2017: 146 · 2016: 109 · 2015: 121 · 2014: 79 · 2013: 99 · 2012: 91
- FWCI
- 4.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Kavli Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- place cells, grid cells, spatial representation, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, path integration, self-localization, spatial memory, spatio-temporal representation, cortical network dynamics, firing fields
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Hippocampus, Humans, Memory, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Orientation, Space Perception, Entorhinal Cortex
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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