Conjunctive Representation of Position, Direction, and Velocity in Entorhinal Cortex
Abstract
Grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) are part of an environment-independent spatial coordinate system. To determine how information about location, direction, and distance is integrated in the grid-cell network, we recorded from each principal cell layer of MEC in rats that explored two-dimensional environments. Whereas layer II was predominated by grid cells, grid cells colocalized with head-direction cells and conjunctive grid × head-direction cells in the deeper layers. All cell types were modulated by running speed. The conjunction of positional, directional, and translational information in a single MEC cell type may enable grid coordinates to be updated during self-motion–based navigation.
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The firing of conjunctive grid cells, found in deeper layers of entorhinal cortex and in pre- and parasubiculum, is modulated by running direction.
“The firing of ‘conjunctive’ grid cells, found in the deeper layers of entorhinal cortex6 and in pre- and parasubiculum7, is modulated by running direction6.”
From Evidence for grid cells in a human memory network (2010) · cites this paper as [6]
The dependence of directional modulation on running speed is consistent with the effects of speed on the firing rate and apparent spatial organisation of grid cells.
“The dependence of directional modulation on running speed is consistent with the effects of speed on the firing rate6,10 and apparent spatial organisation (Fig. 1d) of grid cells”
From Evidence for grid cells in a human memory network (2010) · cites this paper as [6]
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Hales, J. B., Vincze, J. L., Reitz, N. T., Ocampo, A. C., Leutgeb, S., & Clark, R. E. (2018) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2018.07.013 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Mulas, M., Waniek, N., & Conradt, J. (2016) · Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncom.2016.00013 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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“86943 2 of 21 For example, neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex typically represent one or more features such as spatial position, heading direction, and environmental landmarks and are therefore thought to support navigation (Diehl et al., 2017; Gil et al., 2018; Hafting et al., 2005; Hardcastle et al., 2017a; Høy…”
Predictive Representations: Building Blocks of Intelligence
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Visual objects refine head direction coding
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Linking neuronal structure to function in rodent hippocampus: a methodological prospective
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Remapping in a recurrent neural network model of navigation and context inference
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Unfolding the Black Box of Recurrent Neural Networks for Path Integration
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Remapping in a recurrent neural network model of navigation and context inference
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- Authors
- Sargolini, F., Fyhn, M., Hafting, T., McNaughton, B. L., Witter, M. P., Moser, M.-B., & Moser, E. I.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2006-05-05
- Volume
- 312
- Issue
- 5774
- Pages
- 758-762
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2092580449
- Cited by
- 1,485
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 103 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 93 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 92 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 68
- FWCI
- 25.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- grid cells, medial entorhinal cortex, head direction cells, conjunctive representations, spatial navigation, running speed, self-motion, spatial coordinate system, layer II
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electrophysiology, Exploratory Behavior, Locomotion, Male, Nerve Net, Neurons, Orientation, Space Perception, Entorhinal Cortex, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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