The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bile acid metabolites control TH17 and Treg cell differentiation
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Bile acids are abundant in the mammalian gut, where they undergo bacteria-mediated transformation to generate a large pool of bioactive molecules. Although bile acids are known to affect host metabolism, cancer progression and innate immunity, it is unknown whether they affect adaptive immune cells such as T helper cells that express IL-17a (T H 17 cells) or regulatory T cells (T reg cells). Here we screen a library of bile acid metabolites and identify two distinct derivatives of lithocholic acid (LCA), 3-oxoLCA and isoalloLCA, as T cell regulators in mice. 3-OxoLCA inhibited the differentiation of T H 17 cells by directly binding to the key transcription factor retinoid-related orphan receptor-γt (RORγt) and isoalloLCA increased the differentiation of T reg cells through the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS), which led to increased expression of FOXP3. The isoalloLCA-mediated enhancement of T reg cell differentiation required an intronic Foxp3 enhancer, the conserved noncoding sequence (CNS) 3; this represents a mode of action distinct from that of previously identified metabolites that increase T reg cell differentiation, which require CNS1. The administration of 3-oxoLCA and isoalloLCA to mice reduced T H 17 cell differentiation and increased T reg cell differentiation, respectively, in the intestinal lamina propria. Our data suggest mechanisms through which bile acid metabolites control host immune responses, by directly modulating the balance of T H 17 and T reg cells.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that certain secondary BAs serve significant biological functions, including the regulation of host metabolism, immunity, and resistance against intestinal pathogen expansion.21,360–364”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [363]
In the citing paper
“On the other hand, certain secondary BAs exert anti-inflammatory effects by stimulating Treg cell differentiation and inhibiting TH17 cell differentiation.361,363,364,702,710”
From Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [363]
In the citing paper
“Hence, in humans BACH2 might be an important regulator of homeostatic Th17 cells that could be exploited for the treatment of human autoimmune diseases.”
From TH17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation (2023) · cites this paper as [60]
In the citing paper
“multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BACH2 locus are associated with human autoimmune diseases and a protective allele for MS disease correlates with an increase of BACH2 expression in CD4+ T cells”
From TH17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation (2023) · cites this paper as [60]
In the citing paper
“by integrating single-cell ATAC-seq and single-cell RNA-seq, we generated a regulatory network across npTh17, pTh17, and Th1 cells”
From TH17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation (2023) · cites this paper as [60]
In the citing paper
“Predicted regulators of the non-pathogenic- and general- Th17 program included RORγt, ETS1, BACH2, FOSL2, and RBPJ.”
From TH17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation (2023) · cites this paper as [60]
In the citing paper
“The network predicted the pathogenic Th17- and Th1- program to be regulated by the transcription factors ATF3, BHLHE40, FOS, NR4A1, EOMES, and T-BET.”
From TH17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation (2023) · cites this paper as [60]
In the citing paper
“We validated BACH2 as a novel regulator of Th17 pathogenicity that promoted immunomodulatory programs and restrained pro-inflammatory Th1-like programs in Th17 cells.”
From TH17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation (2023) · cites this paper as [60]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
DADA2: High–resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data
Callahan, B. J., McMurdie, P. J., Rosen, M. J., Han, A. W., Johnson, A. J. A., & Holmes, S. P. (2016) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3869 · Cited by 35,698
Bokulich, N. A., Kaehler, B. D., Rideout, J. R., Dillon, M. R., Bolyen, E. K., Knight, R. D., Huttley, G. A., & Caporaso, J. G. (2018) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0470-z · Cited by 6,037
Metabolites produced by commensal bacteria promote peripheral regulatory T-cell generation
Arpaia, N., Campbell, C., Fan, X., Dikiy, S., van der Veeken, J., deRoos, P., Liu, H., Cross, J. R., Pfeffer, K., Coffer, P. J., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12726 · Cited by 4,838
Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria
Ivanov, I. I., Atarashi, K., Manel, N., Brodie, E. L., Shima, T., Karaoz, U., Wei, D., Goldfarb, K. C., Santee, C. A., Lynch, S. V., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,554
Self-citationBile salt biotransformations by human intestinal bacteria
Ridlon, J. M., Kang, D.-J., & Hylemon, P. B. (2006) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r500013-jlr200 · Cited by 2,829
Precision microbiome reconstitution restores bile acid mediated resistance to Clostridium difficile
Buffie, C. G., Bucci, V., Stein, R. R., McKenney, P. T., Ling, L., Gobourne, A., No, D., Liu, H., Kinnebrew, M., Viale, A., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13828 · Cited by 1,872
Gut microbiome–mediated bile acid metabolism regulates liver cancer via NKT cells
Ma, C., Han, M., Heinrich, B., Fu, Q., Zhang, Q., Sandhu, M., Agdashian, D., Terabe, M., Berzofsky, J. A., Fako, V., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan5931 · Cited by 1,508
Sena, L. A., Li, S., Jairaman, A., Prakriya, M., Ezponda, T., Hildeman, D. A., Wang, C.-R., Schumacker, P. T., Licht, J. D., Perlman, H., et al. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2012.10.020 · Cited by 1,338
Foxp3 Reprograms T Cell Metabolism to Function in Low-Glucose, High-Lactate Environments
Angelin, A., Gil‐de‐Gómez, L., Dahiya, S., Jiao, J., Guo, L., Levine, M. H., Wang, Z., Quinn, W. J., Kopinski, P. K., Wang, L., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.018 · Cited by 1,304
T cell metabolism drives immunity
Buck, M. D., O’Sullivan, D., & Pearce, E. L. (2015) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20151159 · Cited by 1,238
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 999
Gut microbiota, an emergent target to shape the efficiency of cancer therapy
Kouidhi, S., Zidi, O., Belkhiria, Z., Raïs, H., Ayadi, A., Ayed, F. B., Mosbah, A., Cherif, A., & Gaaied, A. B. A. E. (2023) · Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy · doi:10.37349/etat.2023.00132 · Cited by 37
Regulating bile acids signaling for NAFLD: molecular insights and novel therapeutic interventions
Wei, M., Tu, W., & Huang, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341938 · Cited by 39
Exploring the role of gut microbiome in autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review
Wang, H., Cai, Y., Wu, W. ‐., Zhang, M., Dai, Y., & Wang, Q. (2024) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103654 · Cited by 42
Therapeutic potential of Parabacteroides distasonis in gastrointestinal and hepatic disease
Duan, J., Li, Q., Cheng, Y., Zhu, W., Liu, H., & Li, F. (2024) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70017 · Cited by 37
Kim, H., Nelson, P., Nzabarushimana, É., Shen, J., Jensen, J., Bhosle, A., Li, C., Lee, N., Everett, C., Berdy, B. M., et al. (2025) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-025-01318-6 · Cited by 39
Runge, S., & Rosshart, S. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.702378 · Cited by 36
Gut-Liver Immune Traffic: Deciphering Immune-Pathogenesis to Underpin Translational Therapy
Bozward, A. G., Ronca, V., Osei‐Bordom, D., & Oo, Y. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.711217 · Cited by 36
Bile acids and salt-sensitive hypertension: a role of the gut-liver axis
Ishimwe, J., Dola, T., Ertuğlu, L. A., & Kirabo, A. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00027.2022 · Cited by 36
TREGking From Gut to Brain: The Control of Regulatory T Cells Along the Gut-Brain Axis
Choi, J., Kim, B., Akuzum, B., Chang, L., Lee, J., & Kwon, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.916066 · Cited by 38
Li, D., Zhou, J., Wang, L., Gong, Z., Le, H., Huang, Y., Xu, C., Tian, C., Cai, W., & Wu, J. (2023) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-023-01109-0 · Cited by 35
Metabolic Controls on Epigenetic Reprogramming in Regulatory T Cells
Lü, J., Liang, Y., Meng, H., Zhang, A., Zhao, J., & Zhang, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.728783 · Cited by 34
Bai, Z., Liu, Y., Zhao, Y., Yan, R., Yang, L., Ma, H., Wang, J., Wang, T., Li, Y., Zhang, G., et al. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110296 · Cited by 35
Maternal microbiota and gestational diabetes: impact on infant health
Singh, P., Elhag, D. A., Ibrahim, I., Abdullahi, H., & Khodor, S. A. (2023) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-023-04230-3 · Cited by 41
Role of microbiome in autoimmune liver diseases
Schneider, K. M., Kummen, M., Trivedi, P. J., & Hov, J. R. (2023) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000000506 · Cited by 38
Gut Microbiota‐Butyrate‐PPARγ Axis Modulates Adipose Regulatory T Cell Population
Chen, B., Guan, L., Wu, C., Gong, Y., Wu, L., Zhang, M., Cao, Z., Chen, Y., Yang, C., Wang, B., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202411086 · Cited by 40
Self-citationLu, Y., Yuan, H., Liang, S., Li, D., Jiang, P., Wang, X., Zhang, K., & Liu, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1603658 · Cited by 41
The impact of metabolites derived from the gut microbiota on immune regulation and diseases
Ohno, H. (2020) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaa041 · Cited by 35
The intestinal microbiota as a therapeutic target in the treatment of NAFLD and ALD
Huang, W., & Kong, D. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111235 · Cited by 38
Zou, H., Yang, N., Zhang, X., & Chen, H.-W. (2021) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114725 · Cited by 35
The Aged Intestine: Performance and Rejuvenation
Wang, Q., Qi, Y., Shen, W., Xu, J., Wang, L., Chen, S., Hou, T., & Si, J. (2021) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2021.0202 · Cited by 36
Liu, Y., Liu, T., Zhao, X. M., & Gao, Y. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04509-6 · Cited by 34
Context-Dependent Regulation of Type17 Immunity by Microbiota at the Intestinal Barrier
Akuzum, B., & Lee, J. (2022) · Immune Network · doi:10.4110/in.2022.22.e46 · Cited by 36
Gut microbiota and healthy longevity
Luo, J., Liang, S., & Jin, F. (2024) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-023-2595-5 · Cited by 37
McMillan, A. S., & Theriot, C. M. (2024) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2393766 · Cited by 41
Microbiota-derived bile acid metabolic enzymes and their impacts on host health
Ma, H., Wang, K., & Jiang, C. (2025) · Cell Insight · doi:10.1016/j.cellin.2025.100265 · Cited by 37
Conceptualizing the Vertebrate Sterolbiome
Ridlon, J. M. (2020) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00641-20 · Cited by 35
Epigenome-metabolome-microbiome axis in health and IBD
Amatullah, H., & Jeffrey, K. L. (2020) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2020.08.005 · Cited by 34
A perspective of intestinal immune-microbiome interactions in alcohol-associated Liver Disease
Bruellman, R. (2020) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.53589 · Cited by 35
Gut microbiota-related metabolome analysis based on chromatography-mass spectrometry
Zhou, L., Yu, D., Zheng, S., Ouyang, R., Wang, Y., & Xu, G. (2021) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2021.116375 · Cited by 35
Translating Microbiome Research From and To the Clinic
Zhang, Z. J., Lehmann, C. J., Cole, C. G., & Pamer, E. G. (2022) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-041020-022206 · Cited by 33
Bile acid restrained T cell activation explains cholestasis aggravated hepatitis B virus infection
Ding, C., Hong, Y., Che, Y., He, T., Wang, Y., Zhang, S., Wu, J., Xu, W., Hou, J., Hao, H., et al. (2022) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202200332r · Cited by 34
Immunological consequences of microbiome-based therapeutics
Alam, M. Z., Maslanka, J. R., & Abt, M. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046472 · Cited by 38
Chen, F., & Gong, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1689026 · Cited by 38
Chen, N., Chan, C. K., Khan, F. U., Makhijani, P., Valentino, T. R., Winer, S., Luk, C. T., & Winer, D. A. (2026) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2026.103036 · Cited by 37
Liang, W., He, X., Bi, J., Hu, T., & Sun, Y. (2021) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.2021.8159 · Cited by 34
Targeting bile acid signaling for the treatment of liver diseases: From bench to bed
Duan, S., Li, X., Fan, G., & Liu, R. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113154 · Cited by 33
The intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations
Chen, J., Vitetta, L., Henson, J. D., & Hall, S. (2021) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2021.104850 · Cited by 32
Western diet influences on microbiome and carcinogenesis
Newsome, R. C., Yang, Y., & Jobin, C. (2023) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2023.101756 · Cited by 35
Gut microbiota, immunity, and bile acid metabolism: decoding metabolic disease interactions
Zhao, Q., Wu, J., Ding, Y., Pang, Y., & Jiang, C. (2023) · Life Metabolism · doi:10.1093/lifemeta/load032 · Cited by 31
Why Treg should be the focus of cancer immunotherapy: The latest thought
Liu, Z., Zhou, J., Shi-hui, W., Chen, Z., Wu, S., Chen, L., Zhu, X. M., & Li, Z. (2023) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115142 · Cited by 35
Gut microbiota: A double-edged sword in immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy against tumors
Wang, J., Zhu, N., Su, L., & Yang, R. (2023) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216582 · Cited by 35
Gut redox and microbiome: charting the roadmap to T-cell regulation
Prasad, S., Singh, S., Menge, S., Mohapatra, I., Kim, S., Helland, L. C., Singh, G., & Singh, A. R. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387903 · Cited by 35
Host–Microbiota Interactions in Liver Inflammation and Cancer
Giraud, J., & Saleh, M. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13174342 · Cited by 32
Takei, H., Narushima, S., Suzuki, M., Kakiyama, G., Sasaki, T., Murai, T., Yamashiro, Y., & Nittono, H. (2022) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100275 · Cited by 31
Bile acid distributions, sex-specificity, and prognosis in colorectal cancer
Cai, Y. A., Shen, X., Lu, L., Yan, H. Y., Huang, H., Gaule, P., Muca, E., Theriot, C. M., Rattray, Z., Rattray, N. J. W., et al. (2022) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-022-00473-9 · Cited by 32
Deng, S., Pei, C., Cai, K., Huang, W., Xiao, X., Zhang, X., Liang, R., Chen, Y., Xie, Z., Li, P., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1302998 · Cited by 32
How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism
Tan, J., Ni, D., Ribeiro, R. V., Pinget, G. V., & Macia, L. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13030823 · Cited by 29
Liu, M., Wang, Z., Liu, X., Xiao, H., Liu, Y.-C., Wang, J., Chen, C.-L., Wang, X., Liu, W., Xiang, Z., et al. (2023) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2023.116301 · Cited by 31
Ricciuto, A., Sherman, P. M., & Laxer, R. M. (2020) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108415 · Cited by 33
Michaels, M., & Madsen, K. L. (2023) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2022.11.001 · Cited by 33
Early life imprinting of intestinal immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis
Iza, Y. A. P., & Brown, C. C. (2024) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13321 · Cited by 33
Designing live bacterial therapeutics for cancer
Lee, J., McClure, S., Weichselbaum, R. R., & Mimee, M. (2025) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2025.115579 · Cited by 31
The role of metabolism in Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune diseases
Wang, G., Su, Z., Li, H. J., Xiao, L., Li, C., & Lian, G. (2021) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108450 · Cited by 29
Xia, B., Liu, X., Li, Z., Ren, J., & Liu, X. (2022) · Current Opinion in Food Science · doi:10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100956 · Cited by 31
Ju, J., Zhang, C., Yang, J., Yang, Q., Yin, P., & Sun, X. (2023) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.14842 · Cited by 30
Microbiome Therapeutics for Food Allergy
Chernikova, D. A., Zhao, M. Y., & Jacobs, J. P. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14235155 · Cited by 30
Guo, Z., He, K., Pang, K., Yang, D., Lyu, C., Xu, H., & Wu, D. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25084321 · Cited by 29
Park, Y., & Jeong, E. M. (2024) · International Journal of Stem Cells · doi:10.15283/ijsc24060 · Cited by 31
Leibovitzh, H., Nayeri, S., Borowski, K., Hernández-Rocha, C., Lee, S.-H., Turpin, W., Stempak, J. M., Sandhu, I., Milgrom, R., Smith, M. I., et al. (2024) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjae096 · Cited by 30
Ladakis, D. C., Harrison, K. L., Smith, M. D., Solem, K., Gadani, S. P., Jank, L., Hwang, S. A., Farhadi, F., Dewey, B. E., Fitzgerald, K. C., et al. (2024) · Med · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2024.09.011 · Cited by 30
Gut-lung axis in allergic asthma: microbiota-driven immune dysregulation and therapeutic strategies
Lv, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, S., Wang, R., & Zhao, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1617546 · Cited by 32
Wiechers, C., Zou, M., Gálvez, E. J. C., Beckstette, M., Ebel, M., Strowig, T., Huehn, J., & Pezoldt, J. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-021-00647-2 · Cited by 31
Sangaraju, D., Shi, Y., Parys, M. V., Ray, A., Walker, A., Caminiti, R., Milanowski, D. J., Jaochico, A., Dean, B., & Liang, X. (2021) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1021/jasms.0c00435 · Cited by 29
Riaz, F., Wei, P. Y., & Pan, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.949603 · Cited by 31
Norwitz, N. G., & Loh, V. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00097 · Cited by 31
Kisthardt, S. C., Thanissery, R., Pike, C. M., Foley, M. H., & Theriot, C. M. (2023) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00180-23 · Cited by 29
Enriquez, A. B., ten-Caten, F., Ghneim, K., Sékaly, R., & Sharma, A. (2023) · Annual Review of Virology · doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-040323-082822 · Cited by 29
Calycosin enhances Treg differentiation for alleviating skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis
Ma, X., Deng, G., Tian, N., Wang, H., Zhao, H., Kuai, L., Luo, Y., Gao, C., Ding, X., Li, B., et al. (2024) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2024.117883 · Cited by 28
Luo, Z., Zhou, W., Xie, T., Xu, W., Shi, C., Xiao, Z., Si, Y., Ma, Y., Ren, Q., Di, L., et al. (2024) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2024.04.027 · Cited by 31
Cheng, W., Li, F., & Yang, R. (2024) · Gastro Hep Advances · doi:10.1016/j.gastha.2024.05.012 · Cited by 29
Disentangling the molecular mystery of tumour–microbiota interactions: Microbial metabolites
Duan, Y.-W., Dai, J.-H., Lu, Y.-Q., Qiao, H., & Liu, N. (2024) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.70093 · Cited by 29
Wang, Y., Chen, X., Huws, S., Xu, G., Li, J., Ren, J., Xu, J., Guan, L. L., Yao, J., & Wu, S. (2024) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-024-01964-0 · Cited by 31
How the early life microbiome shapes immune programming in childhood asthma and allergies
Hoskinson, C., Petersen, C., & Turvey, S. E. (2024) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.12.005 · Cited by 28
Antibiotic-induced gut microbiome perturbation alters the immune responses to the rabies vaccine
Feng, Y., de Jong, S. E., Oliveira, A. P. B. N., Samaha, H., Yang, F., Hu, M., Wang, Y., Beydoun, N., Xie, X., Zhang, H., et al. (2025) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2025.03.015 · Cited by 31
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key mucosal barrier modulators in obesity
Wei, Y., Zheng, K., & Wang, Y.-G. (2021) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i33.5555 · Cited by 29
The Microbiome in Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Metagenomic and Metabolomic Changes
Zheng, Y., Ran, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, B., & Zhou, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.715852 · Cited by 29
Self-citationZhao, X., Setchell, K. D. R., Huang, R., Mallawaarachchi, I. V., Ehsan, L., Dobrzykowski, E., Zhao, J., Syed, S., Ma, J. Z., Iqbal, N. T., et al. (2021) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxab321 · Cited by 28
Metabolic regulation and function of T helper cells in neuroinflammation
Spiljar, M., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2022) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-022-00959-z · Cited by 29
Vallet, N., Salmona, M., Malet-Villemagne, J., Bredel, M., Bondeelle, L., Tournier, S., Mercier‐Delarue, S., Cassonnet, S., Ingram, B. O., de Latour, R. P., et al. (2023) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2023.06.009 · Cited by 29
High-fructose corn syrup aggravates colitis via microbiota dysbiosis-mediated Th17/Treg imbalance
Zhou, M., Liu, X., He, J., Xu, X., Ju, C., Luo, S., Lu, X., Du, P., & Chen, Y. (2023) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20230788 · Cited by 31
Fei, H., Lu, X., Shi, Z., Liu, X., Yang, C., Zhu, X., Lin, Y., Jiang, Z., Wang, J., Huang, D., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.100002 · Cited by 28
McMillan, A. S., Foley, M. H., Perkins, C. E., & Theriot, C. M. (2023) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.03576-23 · Cited by 34
Huang, T., Liang, X., Bao, H., Ma, G., Tang, X., Luo, H., & Xiao, X. (2024) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.01252-23 · Cited by 28
Crouch, L. I., Rodrigues, C. S., Bakshani, C. R., Tavares-Gomes, L., Gaifem, J., & Pinho, S. S. (2024) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2024.101891 · Cited by 29
Wang, X., Zhao, D., Bi, D., Li, L., Tian, H., Yin, F., Zuo, T., Ianiro, G., Li, N., Chen, Q., et al. (2025) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2025.01.029 · Cited by 28
Carcinogenic and anticancer activities of microbiota-derived secondary bile acids
Kouhzad, M., Götz, F., Navidifar, T., Taki, E., Ghamari, M., Mohammadzadeh, R., Seyedolmohadesin, M., & Bostanghadiri, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2025.1514872 · Cited by 31
Microbiota-dependent metabolites – New engine for T cell warriors
Tang, Y., Fu, A., Wang, L., & Ge, Q. (2025) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2025.2523815 · Cited by 29
Cheng, Q., Lv, S., Yin, N., & Wang, J. (2025) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-025-00839-y · Cited by 31
Tissue engineering of the biliary tract and modelling of cholestatic disorders
Brevini, T., Tysoe, O., & Sampaziotis, F. (2020) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.049 · Cited by 28
Golonka, R. M., & Vijay–Kumar, M. (2020) · Advances in cancer research · doi:10.1016/bs.acr.2020.10.004 · Cited by 28
T Helper Cell Lineage-Defining Transcription Factors: Potent Targets for Specific GVHD Therapy?
Campe, J., & Ullrich, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.806529 · Cited by 30
Microbial mechanisms to improve immune checkpoint blockade responsiveness
Griffin, M. E., & Hang, H. C. (2022) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1016/j.neo.2022.100818 · Cited by 28
Innate antiviral immunity: how prior exposures can guide future responses
Tomalka, J. A., Suthar, M. S., Diamond, M., & Sékaly, R. (2022) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2022.07.001 · Cited by 26
Regulation of T cell repertoires by commensal microbiota
Kim, K. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.1004339 · Cited by 32
Is liver regeneration key in hepatocellular carcinoma development?
Rigual, M. D. M., Sánchez, P. S., & Djouder, N. (2022) · Trends in cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2022.10.005 · Cited by 28
Gillard, J., & Leclercq, I. A. (2023) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20220697 · Cited by 29
Yanckello, L. M., Hoffman, J. D., Chang, Y., Lin, P., Nehra, G., Chlipala, G. E., McCulloch, S. D., Hammond, T. C., Yackzan, A. T., Lane, A. N., et al. (2021) · Nutritional Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/1028415x.2021.1889452 · Cited by 28
Cui, J., Wang, J., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1177768 · Cited by 30
Hui, W., Huang, W. J., Zheng, Z., Li, Y., Li, P., & Yang, H. Q. (2023) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.7988 · Cited by 27
Liu, C.-X., Gao, Y., Xu, X., Jin, X., Zhang, Y., Xu, Q., Ding, H., Li, B., Du, F.-K., Li, L., et al. (2024) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v30.i5.485 · Cited by 27
Metadata
- Authors
- Hang, S., Paik, D., Yao, L., Kim, E., Trinath, J., Lu, J., Ha, S., Nelson, B. N., Kelly, S. P., Wu, L., Zheng, Y., Longman, R. S., Rastinejad, F., Devlin, A. S., Krout, M. R., Fischbach, M. A., Littman, D. R., & Huh, J. R.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Hyderabad Campus (IN)
- Bucknell University (US)
- New York University (US)
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Stanford University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fischbach, Michael A.
- Littman, Dan R.
- Huh, Jun R.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2019-11-27
- Volume
- 576
- Issue
- 7785
- Pages
- 143-148
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC6949019
- OpenAlex
- W2990182987
- Cited by
- 1,457
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 274 · 2025: 287 · 2024: 260 · 2023: 207 · 2022: 174 · 2021: 158 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 43.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2020-02-25)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Wellcome Trust (210664/Z/18/Z)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI107027, R01AI080885)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK103358, R01DK114252, R01DK110559, P30DK034854)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- bile acid metabolites, lithocholic acid, Th17 cell differentiation, regulatory T cells, RORγt, Foxp3, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, gut microbiota, intestinal lamina propria, IL-17A, T cell regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Lithocholic Acid, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Reactive Oxygen Species, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Mice, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Th17 Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
