Cited by 332Regulation of Appetite and ObesityAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesAdipose Tissue and Metabolism

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

An exercise-inducible metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity

Open access

Li, Veronica L., He, Yang, Contrepois, Kévin, Liu, Hailan, Kim, Joon T., Wiggenhorn, Amanda L., Tanzo, Julia T., Tung, Alan Sheng-Hwa, Lyu, Xuchao, Zushin, Peter-James H., Jansen, Robert S., Michael, Basil, Loh, Kang Yong, Yang, Andrew C., Carl, Christian S., Voldstedlund, Christian T., Wei, Wei, Terrell, Stephanie M., Moeller, Benjamin C., Arthur, Rick M., Wallis, Gareth A., van de Wetering, Koen, Stahl, Andreas, Kiens, Bente, Richter, Erik A., Banik, Steven M., Snyder, Michael P., Xu, Yong, Long, Jonathan Z.·2022·Nature

DOI 10.1038/s41586-022-04828-5PMC PMC9767481

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Exercise confers protection against obesity, type 2 diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases 1-5. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate the metabolic benefits of physical activity remain unclear 6. Here we show that exercise stimulates the production of N-lactoyl-phenylalanine (Lac-Phe), a blood-borne signalling metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity. The biosynthesis of Lac-Phe from lactate and phenylalanine occurs in CNDP2+ cells, including macrophages, monocytes and other immune and epithelial cells localized to diverse organs. In diet-induced obese mice, pharmacological-mediated increases in Lac-Phe reduces food intake without affecting movement or energy expenditure. Chronic administration of Lac-Phe decreases adiposity and body weight and improves glucose homeostasis. Conversely, genetic ablation of Lac-Phe biosynthesis in mice increases food intake and obesity following exercise training. Last, large activity-inducible increases in circulating Lac-Phe are also observed in humans and racehorses, establishing this metabolite as a molecular effector associated with physical activity across multiple activity modalities and mammalian species. These data define a conserved exercise-inducible metabolite that controls food intake and influences systemic energy balance.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41586-022-04828-5

Cites

32 of 32 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

XCMS: Processing Mass Spectrometry Data for Metabolite Profiling Using Nonlinear Peak Alignment, Matching, and Identification
Smith, C. A., Want, E. J., O’Maille, G., Abagyan, R. A., & Siuzdak, G. E. (2006) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac051437y · Cited by 5,296
Improved vectors and genome-wide libraries for CRISPR screening
Sanjana, N. E., Shalem, O., & Zhang, F. (2014) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3047 · Cited by 5,239
Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology
Study, T. L. C., Locke, A. E., The ADIPOGen Consortium, The AGEN-BMI Working Group, The CARDIOGRAMplusC4D Consortium, The CKDGen Consortium, The, G. L. G. C., The, I. C. B. P., The MAGIC Investigators, The MuTHER Consortium, et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14177 · Cited by 4,534
Single-cell transcriptomics of 20 mouse organs creates a Tabula Muris
The Tabula Muris Consortium, coordination, O., coordination, L., processing, O. C. A., sequencing, L. P. A., analysis, C. D., annotation, C. T., Writing group, Supplemental text writing group, & Principal investigators (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0590-4 · Cited by 2,842
Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women through Diet and Lifestyle
Stampfer, M. J., Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Rimm, E. B., & Willett, W. C. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200007063430103 · Cited by 1,794
Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Helmrich, S. P., Ragland, D. R., Leung, R. W., & Paffenbarger, R. S. (1991) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199107183250302 · Cited by 1,634
Risk factors, mortality, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
Rawshani, A., Rawshani, A., Franzén, S., Sattar, N., Eliasson, B., Svensson, A.-M., Zethelius, B., Miftaraj, M., McGuire, D. K., Rosengren, A., et al. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1800256 · Cited by 1,475
Prevention of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus by diet and physical exercise The 6-year Malm� feasibility study
Eriksson, K. F., & Lindg�rde, F. (1991) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00400196 · Cited by 1,092
Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α1 Modulates Kynurenine Metabolism and Mediates Resilience to Stress-Induced Depression
Agudelo, L. Z., Femenía, T., Orhan, F., Porsmyr-Palmertz, M., Goiny, M., Martinez-Redondo, V., Correia, J. C., Izadi, M., Bhat, M., Schuppe-Koistinen, I., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.051 · Cited by 739
β-Aminoisobutyric Acid Induces Browning of White Fat and Hepatic β-Oxidation and Is Inversely Correlated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Roberts, L. D., Boström, P., O’Sullivan, J. F., Schinzel, R. T., Lewis, G. D., Dejam, A., Lee, Y.-K., Palma, M. J., Calhoun, S., Georgiadi, A., et al. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.003 · Cited by 643

Show all 31 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 332

Exercise suppresses osteoclastogenesis by increasing the secretion of muscle-derived L-β-aminoisobutyric acid
Huang, Z., Yu, Y.-P., He, X.-R., Chen, Y.-B., Xiang, X., Li, H.-Z., Cai, Z.-H., Zhang, J.-Y., Wu, D.-Z., Zhu, G.-Z., et al. (2025) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2025.101077 · Cited by 14
Treadmill exercise training inhibits morphine CPP by reversing morphine effects on GABA neurotransmission in D2-MSNs of the accumbens-pallidal pathway in male mice
Dong, Y., Gan, Y., Fu, Y., Shi, H., Dai, S., Yu, R., Li, X., Zhang, K., Wang, F., Yuan, T., et al. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-01869-4 · Cited by 13
TidyMass2: advancing LC-MS untargeted metabolomics through metabolite origin inference and metabolic feature-based functional module analysis
Wang, X., Liu, Y., Jiang, C., Huang, Z., Yan, H. Y., Wong, S. H., Johnson, C. H., Zhang, J., Ge, Y., Zhang, F., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-68464-7 · Cited by 13
Molecular origin and biological effects of exercise mimetics
Zhu, Y., & Song, G. (2023) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.002 · Cited by 14
“30 Therefore, signaling pathways and small molecular targets related to skeletal muscles and exercise mimetics have been extensively studied, and may provide new insights and strategies for the development of exercise mimetics as pharmacological interventions for various health conditions.”
Background
Enhanced interactions among gut mycobiomes with the deterioration of glycemic control.
He, J., Zhao, Y.-W., Yang, J.-L., Ju, J.-M., Ye, B.-Q., Huang, J.-Y., Huang, Z.-H., Zhao, W.-Y., Zeng, W., Xia, M., et al. (2024) · i Medicina · doi:10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.023 · Cited by 15
Lac-Phe (N-lactoyl-phenylalanine)
Xiao, S., Li, V. L., & Long, J. Z. (2024) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2024.05.007 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Bilayer Scaffolds Synergize Immunomodulation and Rejuvenation via Layer‐Specific Release of CK2.1 and the “Exercise Hormone” Lac‐Phe for Enhanced Osteochondral Regeneration
Liu, P., He, S., Shen, Z., Li, X., Deng, Q., Wei, Z., Zhang, C., Dou, X., Zhu, T., Dawes, H., et al. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202402329 · Cited by 12
Comparative Analysis of N -Lactoyl-phenylalanine and 3-Phenyllactic Acid Production in Lactic Acid Bacteria from Kimchi: Metabolic Insights and Influencing Factors
Kim, H., Jung, S., Kim, M. J., Jeong, J. Y., Hwang, I. M., & Lee, J. (2024) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c07158 · Cited by 13
A nitroalkene derivative of salicylate, SANA, induces creatine-dependent thermogenesis and promotes weight loss
Cal, K., Leyva, A., Rodriguez‐Duarte, J., Ruiz, S., Santos, L., Garat, M. P., Colella, L., Ingold, M., Benítez-Rosendo, A., Pérez-Torrado, V., et al. (2025) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-025-01311-z · Cited by 12
“Importantly, the complete target of established pharmaceutical interventions to diabetes and obesity such as metformin 49 or to endogenous ligands such as lac-phe 50 have not been completely elucidated, but do not diminish their important clinical and physiological roles.”
High-intensity interval training or lactate administration combined with aerobic training enhances visceral fat loss while promoting VMH neuroplasticity in female rats
Cheng, B., Du, J., Tian, S., Zhang, Z., Chen, W., & Liu, Y. (2024) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-024-02397-2 · Cited by 12
Lac-Phe induces hypophagia by inhibiting AgRP neurons in mice
Liu, H., Li, V. L., Liu, Q., Liu, Y., Su, C., Wong, H.-X. K., Yin, N., Liu, H., Fang, X., McDermott, K. M., et al. (2025) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-025-01377-9 · Cited by 11
“Notably, in humans, Lac-Phe exhibits sustained elevations after three distinct exercise trials (endurance, sprint and resistance), with sprinting exercise inducing the most dramatic elevation of plasma Lac-Phe, followed by resistance training and then endurance training 6 .”
InfluentialSelf-citation
Charting the Molecular Terrain of Exercise: Energetics, Exerkines, and the Future of Multiomic Mapping
Katz, D. H., Lindholm, M. E., & Ashley, E. A. (2024) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00024.2024 · Cited by 12
Association between physical activity, trouble sleeping, and obesity among older Americans: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES data from 2007 to 2018
Hou, X., Wang, H.-H., Yang, Z., Jia, Y., Lv, Y., & Dong, X. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-05832-w · Cited by 12
“The effect may be explained by biological mechanism, such as PA stimulates the production of blood-borne signaling metabolites (Lac-Phe), which suppress appetite and mitigate obesity [54].”
Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid- and caloric restriction-mediated upregulation of CNDP2 expression in white adipose tissue in rodents, with implications in feeding and obesity
Berkel, Ç., & Çaçan, E. (2023) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109269 · Cited by 11
Circulatory proteins shape microglia state and boost phagocytosisPreprint
Lu, N., Losada, P. M., Hahn, O., Saksena, A., Tapp, E., Chadarevian, J. P., Dong, W., Shi, S. M., Shuken, S. R., Guldner, I. H., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.09.30.615861 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Lipid metabolism and metabolites: emerging roles in systemic physiology and metabolic diseases
Xu, J., Lu, D., & Huang, X. (2026) · Journal of genetics and genomics/Journal of Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2026.01.006 · Cited by 13
Mass Sportrometry: An annual look back at applications of mass spectrometry in sport and exercise science
Ong, M. L. Y., Green, C. G., Rowland, S. N., & Heaney, L. M. (2023) · Analytical Science Advances · doi:10.1002/ansa.202300003 · Cited by 9
“30 The authors began their investigations by assessing the plasma metabolome of mice and horses to compare analytical features pre-and post-exercise.”
Background
Relationships and Mendelian Randomization of Gut Microbe-Derived Metabolites with Metabolic Syndrome Traits in the METSIM Cohort
Mirzaei, S., DeVon, H. A., Cantor, R. M., Cupido, A. J., Pan, C., Ha, S. M., Silva, L. F., Hilser, J. R., Hartiala, J., Allayee, H., et al. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14030174 · Cited by 10
“It was shown to be an exercise-induced metabolite regulating appetite in a study by Li and colleagues [64].”
Background
RETRACTED: The causal relationship between blood metabolites and rosacea: A Mendelian randomization
Yao, H., Shen, S., Gao, X., Song, X., & Xiang, W. (2024) · Skin Research and Technology · doi:10.1111/srt.13796 · Cited by 9
Retracted
Exercise-mediated circulating metabolites for brain health
Wang, M., Nasb, M., Wu, T., Jia, M., & So, K. (2024) · Advanced Exercise and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.aehs.2024.11.001 · Cited by 11
Gut microbiota-derived butyrate enhances exercise-induced bone mineral density in humans
Dou, X., Fu, P., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Ning, K., Yang, B., Yang, X., Niu, Y., Wang, D., & Xu, H. (2025) · Mechanobiology in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mbm.2025.100124 · Cited by 10
N‐Lactoyl Amino Acids: Emerging Biomarkers in Metabolism and Disease
Naja, K., Hedaya, L., Elashi, A. A., Rizzo, M., & Elrayess, M. A. (2025) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.70060 · Cited by 13
“Thereafter, Li et al. [10] confirmed that CNDP2 is a principal biosynthetic enzyme responsible for basal and exercise‐inducible Lac‐Phe production in vivo.”
Influential
Empowering mitochondrial metabolism: Exploring L-lactate supplementation as a promising therapeutic approach for metabolic syndrome
Cai, M., Li, S., Cai, K., Du, X., Han, J., & Hu, J. (2024) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155787 · Cited by 11
PROKR1–CREB–NR4A2 axis for oxidative muscle fiber specification and improvement of metabolic function
Mok, J., Park, J. H., Yeom, S. C., & Park, J. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2308960121 · Cited by 9
“These muscle - derived signals can communicate with various organs, including the liver, adipose tissue, and brain, and influence their metabolic functions (36–39).”
Fermented sea buckthorn compound juice inhibits colorectal cancer growth by regulating immunity and the gut microbiome
Fu, Y., Liu, Z., Wang, K., Li, X., Fu, J. F., Tan, Y., Li, S., Sun, Y., & Liu, D. (2024) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2024.106408 · Cited by 9
Dietary Lactate Intake and Physical Exercise Synergistically Reverse Brown Adipose Tissue Whitening to Ameliorate Diet-Induced Obesity
Yao, Z., Liang, S., Chen, J., Zhang, H., Chen, W., & Li, H. (2024) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06899 · Cited by 10
Exploring the causal associations of the gut microbiota and plasma metabolites with ovarian cancer: an approach of mendelian randomization analysis combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking
Guo, J., Wang, C., Li, H., & Ding, C. (2025) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-025-01610-9 · Cited by 12
Maternal Physical Activity and Its Relationship to the Human Milk Metabolome and Infant Body Composition
Lu, C., Dreyfuss, J. M., Hua, T., Wolfs, D., Nagel, E., Peña, A., Lock, E. F., Seburg, E. M., Pierce, S., Kyere-Davies, G., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf296 · Cited by 8
Impacts of glutamate, an exercise-responsive metabolite on insulin signaling
Xing, X., Sun, Q., Wang, R., Wang, R., & Wang, R. (2024) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122471 · Cited by 10
Inhibiting arachidonic acid generation mitigates aging-induced hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in mice
Xiao, X., Yang, L., Lei, X., Li, Y., Chang, X., Han, X., Tang, W., & Zhu, Y. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.043 · Cited by 9
Myokines and interorgan crosstalk: bridging exercise to health promotion and disease prevention
Ha, J., Sung, S., & Kim, H. (2025) · Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.6065/apem.2448218.109 · Cited by 10
“Further studies of the roles of other exercise-induced metabolite hormones, such as N-lactoyl-phenylalanine [72] and succinate [73], offer a deeper understanding of exercise.”
Changes in Muscle Quality and Gut Microbiota of Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Within a Live Supply Chain
Zhang, P., Jiang, Z., Zhang, Y., Leng, L., Yin, Z., He, W., Zeng, X., & Pan, D. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15101431 · Cited by 8
“The decrease in lactate from 24 to 32 h suggests upregulated gluconeogenesis or lactate–phenylalanine complex formation, which suppresses appetite [40].”
Reactivity-based metabolomics reveal cysteine has glyoxalase 1-like and glyoxalase 2-like activities
Opfermann, M. D., Søndergård, M. B., Bech, L. V., Nielsen, C. B., Mahía, A., Holt, C. B., Wang, T., Olesen, S. B., Frisch, K., Østergaard, J. A., et al. (2025) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-025-01909-0 · Cited by 8
Exercise in atherosclerosis: its beneficial effects and underlying mechanism
Yin, M.-T., & Guo, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2025.1598794 · Cited by 10
Identification of Or5v1/Olfr110 as an oxylipin receptor and anti-obesity target
Ge, X.-Y., Cheng, J., Zhang, L.-J., Guo, L.-L., Xiang, R., Lu, Y., Ning, S.-L., Wang, K.-Y., Zhu, K., Gao, M.-X., et al. (2026) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.12.016 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Metabolite and nutrient regulation of macrophages in obesity and metabolic disease
Sprenkle, N. T., & Mills, E. L. (2026) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01292-4 · Cited by 11
Knock‐out of dipeptidase CN2 in human proximal tubular cells disrupts dipeptide and amino acid homeostasis and para‐ and transcellular solute transport
Pfeffer, T., Krug, S. M., Kracke, T., Schürfeld, R., Colbatzky, F., Kirschner, P., Medert, R., Freichel, M., Schumacher, D., Bartosova, M., et al. (2024) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.14126 · Cited by 8
“7 CN2 forms N- lactoyl- amino-phenylalanine, 8 a signaling metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity, 9 suggesting not only CN2 involvement in DP degradation but also extended regulatory functions within the body metabolism.”
Background
Preparation and Preclinical Characterization of a Simple Ester for Dual Exogenous Supply of Lactate and Beta-hydroxybutyrate
Ottosen, R. N., Seefeldt, J. M., Hansen, J., Nielsen, R. R., Møller, N., Johannsen, M., & Poulsen, T. B. (2024) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04849 · Cited by 9
“Furthermore, LaKe resulted in an increase in the amino acid-derived metabolite N -L-lactoyl-phenylalanine (Lac-Phe), which was recently identified to suppress feeding and obesity in rats 16 and has been found to increase following metformin-treatment of type 2 diabetes in humans (Figure 8).”
Background
The structure and function of FUN14 domain-containing protein 1 and its contribution to cardioprotection by mediating mitophagy
Lv, Y., Yu, Z., Zhang, P., Zhang, X., Li, H., Liang, T., Guo, Y., Cheng, L., & Peng, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1389953 · Cited by 7
Rapid indirect detection of N-lactoyl-phenylalanine using dual DNA biosensors based on solution-gated graphene field-effect transistor
Li, J., Zhang, M., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., Chen, W., Qu, H., Liu, J., & Wang, L. (2025) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2025.117149 · Cited by 7
Skeletal muscle growth to combat diabetes and obesity: the potential role of muscle‐secreted factors
Sammut, M. J., Thorne, B. R., & Melling, C. W. J. (2025) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.24223 · Cited by 8
“Although the site(s) of Lac-Phe action have yet to be elucidated, administration of Lac-Phe in diet-induced obese mice reduces food intake and adiposity while improving glucose homeostasis, without affecting energy expenditure [78].”
Gut lactate increases circulating l -Lac-Phe and key metabolites linked to GLP-1 and human health
Ghias, E., Pedersen, M. G. B., Nielsen, C. B., Bech, L. V., Modvig, I. M., Zubanovic, N. B., Seefeldt, J. M., Nielsen, R. R., Søndergaard, E., Frisch, K., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00037.2025 · Cited by 8
Dietary strategies for appetite regulation: satiety and obesity management
Xia, P., Li, B., Yu, Y., Yu, W., Youssef, M., Hou, T., & Li, J. (2025) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d5fo01349f · Cited by 7
Prediction of Retention Time by Combining Multiple Data Sets with Chromatographic Parameter Vectorization and Transfer Learning
Li, Y., Dong, K., Yu, D., Huang, D., Liu, X., Xu, G., & Lin, X. (2025) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.5c01703 · Cited by 7
Lac-Phe: a central metabolic regulator and biomarker
Yao, T., Wen, G. A., Wu, Z., & Shen, N. (2025) · Medical Review · doi:10.1515/mr-2025-0030 · Cited by 7
Fasting impairs humoral immunological memory by β-hydroxybutyrate-mediated depletion of plasma cells
Zhu, Y., Ding, B., Lv, H., Xu, H., Chen, J., Xu, J., Wu, Q., Hao, X., Hu, Y., Guo, J., et al. (2026) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2026.01.002 · Cited by 9
Strength and multiple types of physical activity predict cognitive function independent of low muscle mass in NHANES 1999–2002
Storoschuk, K. L., Gharios, R., Potter, G. D., Galpin, A. J., House, B. T., & Wood, T. R. (2023) · Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1002/lim2.90 · Cited by 7
Transcriptome- and proteome-wide effects of a circular RNA encompassing four early exons of the spinal muscular atrophy genes
Luo, D., Ottesen, E. W., Lee, J. H., & Singh, R. N. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-60593-7 · Cited by 7
“Dysregulation of CNDP2 has been indicated in colon cancers, PD, male infertility and obesity 59–62 .”
Background
Exercise therapy: an effective approach to mitigate the risk of cancer metastasis
Chen, X., Zhang, J., Gao, F., Liu, N., Du, H., Li, J., Li, Z., & Chen, R. (2025) · World Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1186/s12957-025-03846-7 · Cited by 11
“Exercise, via modulating metabolic pathways, alleviates this detrimental TME, therefore limiting tumor cell spread [75].”
Interaction of microbiome and immunity in tumorigenesis and clinical treatment
Yu, Y., & Zhong, W. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113894 · Cited by 7
Discovery of N-Acyl Amino Acids and Novel Related N-, O-Acyl Lipids by Integrating Molecular Networking and an Extended In Silico Spectral Library
Yuan, B., Li, X., Xu, S., Sun, H., Shen, C., Ji, J., Lin, L., Xu, W., Shan, J., Tong, W., et al. (2023) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04822 · Cited by 6
Boldine Alters Serum Lipidomic Signatures after Acute Spinal Cord Transection in Male Mice
Graham, Z., Siedlik, J. A., Toro, C. A., Harlow, L., & Cardozo, C. P. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20166591 · Cited by 7
“For example, a growing body of evidence indicates that circulating metabolites and lipids play important roles in organismal physiology and in responses to stresses such as exercise [6,7].”
Background
Ergothioneine boosts mitochondrial respiration and exercise performance via direct activation of MPSTPreprint
Sprenger, H., Mittenbühler, M. J., Sun, Y., Vranken, J. G. V., Schindler, S., Jayaraj, A., Khetarpal, S. A., Vargas‐Castillo, A., Puszynska, A. M., Spinelli, J. B., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.10.588849 · Cited by 7
Language model-guided anticipation and discovery of unknown metabolitesPreprint
Qiang, H., Wang, F., Lu, W., Xing, X., Kim, H., Mérette, S. A. M., Ayres, L. B., Oler, E., AbuSalim, J. E., Roichman, A., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.11.13.623458 · Cited by 7
Amino Acid‐Sensing Neurons in the Anterior Piriform Cortex Control Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis
Luo, P., Tong, K., Gan, Y., Tang, M., Niu, Y., Liu, K., Ni, S., Wu, S., Jiang, X., Jiang, H., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202502421 · Cited by 5
Integrating network pharmacology, quantitative transcriptomic analysis, and experimental validation revealed the mechanism of cordycepin in the treatment of obesity
Liao, Y., Wang, M., Qin, F., Liu, C., & Chen, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1571480 · Cited by 6
Clinical Use of Hypertonic Lactate—Current Evidence and Emerging Perspectives
Pedersen, M. G. B., Voigt, J. H., Søndergaard, J., Møller, N., & Rittig, N. F. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf321 · Cited by 7
Nicotine Reprograms Aging‐Related Metabolism and Protects Against Motor Decline in Mice
Jia, S., Jing, X., Wang, R., Su, M., Wang, P., Feng, Y., Ren, X., Tu, L., Wei, P., Lu, Z. Z., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202415311 · Cited by 6
Evaluation of Lentilactobacillus kefiri NM119–2 as a novel probiotic in fermented milk: functional properties and metabolic impact
Yuan, B., Liu, X., Li, J., Gao, R., Zhao, X., Kwok, L., & Bao, Q. (2025) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2025.117314 · Cited by 9
Exercise mimetics: molecular mechanisms, biological and therapeutic effects
Zhang, J., Shao, Q., 程腾, Lin, J., Tang, Y., Lu, H., Zhang, Y., Yu, Z., & Cao, L. (2026) · Molecular Biomedicine · doi:10.1186/s43556-026-00483-8 · Cited by 8
“…g M a l e m o u s e m o d e l [ 122 ] ; d i e t - i n d u c e d o b e s e m o u s e m o d e l a n d h u m a n a n d r a c e h o r s e m o d e l s [ 159 ] ; m a r a t h o n r u nn e r s [ 160 ] C T S B I n c r e a s e s B D N F M o u s e a n d h u m a n m o d e l s [ 124 , 161 ] B A I B A A M P K…”
Blood based metabolic markers of glioma from pre-diagnosis to surgery
Jönsson, S., Antti, H., Sjöberg, R. L., Melin, B. S., & Björkblom, B. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-71375-6 · Cited by 6
“A class of metabolites that have recently garnered increased interest are N-lactoyl-amino acids 9,13 .”
BackgroundResult
CNDP2: An Enzyme Linking Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases?
Ocariza, M. G. C., Paton, L. N., Templeton, E. M., Pemberton, C. J., Pilbrow, A. P., & Appleby, S. L. (2024) · Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research · doi:10.1007/s12265-024-10560-4 · Cited by 6
“Orthologues of CNDP2 exist in several other species including horses, mice, fruit flies, yeast, and silk moth (Table 1), which have been used as models to elucidate the function of human CNDP2 [17, 24, 26–30].”
Influential
Histidine containing dipeptides protect epithelial and endothelial cell barriers from methylglyoxal induced injury
Wetzel, C., Gallenstein, N., Peters, V., Fleming, T., Marinović, I., Bodenschatz, A. K., Du, Z., Küper, K., Dallanoce, C., Aldini, G., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-77891-9 · Cited by 6
Discovery of Acylated Glycine and Alanine by Integrating Chemical Derivatization-Based LC-MS/MS and Knowledge-Driven Prediction
Xiao, Q., Gao, M., Sun, J., Tian, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, P., & Xu, F. (2024) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.4c03145 · Cited by 6
Endogenous Metabolites in Metabolic Diseases: Pathophysiologic Roles and Therapeutic Implications
Xiao, M., Zhou, N., Tian, Z., & Sun, C. (2025) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.04.017 · Cited by 6
The Roles of Gut Microbiome and Plasma Metabolites in the Associations between ABO Blood Groups and Insulin Homeostasis: The Microbiome and Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (MILES)
Li‐Gao, R., Grubbs, K. J., Bertoni, A. G., Hoffman, K. L., Petrosino, J. F., Ramesh, G., Wu, M., Rotter, J. I., Chen, Y.-D. I., Evans, A. M., et al. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12090787 · Cited by 8
“Direct dosing of lactoyl-phenylalanine, for example, was able to improve glucose homeostasis and reduce adiposity in a murine diet-induced obesity model, suggesting a role as a key metabolic regulator of glucose utilization and energy expenditure [40].”
Background
Metformin induces a Lac-Phe gut–brain signalling axis
TeSlaa, T. A. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01014-x · Cited by 7
The Influence of Physical Exercise Frequency and Intensity on Individual Entrepreneurial Behavior: Evidence from China
Liu, D., Han, S., & Zhou, C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912383 · Cited by 9
“A recent research paper published in Nature showed that physical exercise can suppress food intake and obesity [2], underscoring exercise’s fundamental role in deciding individuals’ health.”
Background
The blood metabolome of cognitive function and brain health in middle-aged adults – influences of genes, gut microbiome, and exposomePreprint
Ahmad, S., Wu, T., Arnold, M., Hankemeier, T., Ghanbari, M., Roshchupkin, G. V., Uitterlinden, A. G., Neitzel, J., Kraaij, R., van Duijn, C. M., et al. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.12.16.24317793 · Cited by 6
Class I histone deacetylases catalyze lysine lactylationPreprint
Tsusaka, T., Najar, M. A., Sharma, I., Marcinkiewicz, M. M., Crispim, C. V. D. S., Snyder, N. W., Burslem, G. M., & Goldberg, E. L. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.25.640220 · Cited by 6
Exerkines: Benign adaptation for exercise and benefits for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., Jin, X., Hong, S., & Tian, H. (2024) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150305 · Cited by 5
High-Calorie Diet Consumption Induces Lac-Phe Changes in the Brain in a Time-of-Day Manner Independent of Exercise
Jermei, J., Jiao, H., Shiba, A., Goedhart, J. C., Tandari, R., Kalsbeek, A., Struys, E. A., & Yi, C. (2025) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo15060375 · Cited by 5
“Recently, N-lactoyl-phenylalanine (Lac-Phe) has been identified in the blood as a new exercise-induced metabolite that could play a significant role in the protective effects against obesity [8,9].”
Influential
Exercise pills for cardiometabolic health cannot mimic the exercise milieu
Plaza‐Florido, A., Lindholm, M. E., Carrera‐Bastos, P., Santos‐Lozano, A., Valenzuela, P. L., Fiuza‐Luces, C., Radom‐Aizik, S., & Lucı́a, A. (2025) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2025.07.005 · Cited by 5
Host–microbe interactions rewire metabolism in a C. elegans model of leucine breakdown deficiency
Lee, Y., Fox, B. W., Guo, R., Curtis, B. J., Yu, J., Kim, S., Nanda, S., Baumann, V., Yilmaz, L. S., Haynes, C. M., et al. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01098-5 · Cited by 5
N‐lactoyl amino acids are potential biomarkers for insulin resistance and diabetic complications
Naja, K., Elashi, A. A., Anwardeen, N. R., Razzaq, A., Hedaya, L., Almuraikhy, S., Diboun, I., Suhre, K., Albagha, O., & Elrayess, M. A. (2025) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.16633 · Cited by 5
“1,11 Moreover, metformin treatment was shown to have a profound effect on increasing Lac-Phe levels in both mice and humans, which in turn mediates appetite-suppressing and weight-lowering properties.”
Responsiveness to endurance training can be partly explained by the number of favorable single nucleotide polymorphisms an individual possesses
Chung, H. C., Keiller, D. R., Swain, P., Chapman, S., Roberts, J., & Gordon, D. A. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0288996 · Cited by 6
Circulating level of β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), a novel myokine-like molecule, is inversely associated with fat mass in patients with heart failure
Katano, S., Yano, T., Kouzu, H., Nagaoka, R., Numazawa, R., Yamano, K., Fujisawa, Y., Ohori, K., Nagano, N., Fujito, T., et al. (2023) · Heart and Vessels · doi:10.1007/s00380-023-02308-y · Cited by 5
Role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and the impact of exercise-induced remodeling
Shao, J., Deng, Q., Feng, S., Wu, C., Liu, X., & Yang, L. (2024) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150418 · Cited by 5
Temperature-dependent metabolite orchestration to acute submaximal exercise indicates cardiorespiratory fitness in humans
Hu, Y., Zheng, Y., Wang, Y., Yu, S., Li, M., Zhou, J., Wu, G., Xing, W., Dong, L., Liu, Y., et al. (2022) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121284 · Cited by 5
Reply to ‘Lactate as a major myokine and exerkine’
Chow, L. S., Gerszten, R. E., Taylor, J. M., Pedersen, B. K., van Praag, H., Trappe, S. W., Febbraio, M. A., Galis, Z. S., Gao, Y., Haus, J. M., et al. (2022) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-022-00726-y · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Exercise benefits yourself and your offspring: a mini-review
Wang, K., Zhao, J., Wang, Y., & Liu, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2025.1606790 · Cited by 5
Brain amino acid sensing for organismal amino acid homeostasis
Tsang, A. H. K., Samson, L., & Blouet, C. (2025) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.250092 · Cited by 4
“For example, N-lactoyl phenylalanine (Lac-Phe), synthesized in intestinal epithelial cells, has been shown to mediate appetite suppression in both humans and mice through its central action [159,160].”
N-Lactoyl amino acids: insights from metabolite genome-wide association studies and phenome-wide association analysis
Elashi, A. A., Razzaq, A., Anwardeen, N. R., Naja, K., Al-Shafai, M. N., Diboun, I., Albagha, O., & Elrayess, M. A. (2025) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddaf152 · Cited by 4
“N-lactoyl-amino acids have emerged as a significant class of metabolites, playing diverse physiological roles that span across various biological processes and body systems [1, 2, 7, 9].”
Influential
Sexual dimorphism in the serum metabolome following acute exhaustive exercise
Wu, B., Tang, C., Ren, Z., Qian, J., Deng, Y., Fan, Z., Zhang, Y., & Shi, L. (2025) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-025-00780-x · Cited by 6
“…(oxoglutaric acid, citric acid, isocitric acid) [22]; a ketone body ((R)−3-hydroxybutyric acid) [23]; a marker of fatty acid oxidation (L-acetylcarnitine) [24]; and other exercise-induced factors validated in other datasets, such as N-lactoyl-phenylalanine [25] and N-acetylvaline [20] ( Fig.”
Lactate-activated GPR81/FARP1 signaling drives insulin-independent glucose uptake and metabolic control
Niu, Y., Hu, S., Zhang, Y., Yang, J., Zhang, J., He, R., Chen, L., Xu, L., Zhao, H., Gan, B., et al. (2026) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-025-01207-3 · Cited by 6
“17 Plasma lactate levels can rise from ~0.1 mM at rest to ~25 mM during exhaustive exercise, with even higher concentrations accumulating locally in skeletal muscle.”
Influential
Human microphysiological systems of aging recreate the in vivo process expediting evaluation of anti-geronic strategies
Qi, L., He, Y., Sviercovich, A., Mei, X., Chen, E. H., Xia, Y., Conboy, M. J., Conboy, I. M., & Stahl, A. (2026) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-026-01618-6 · Cited by 4
“…perspective, this variability provides an opportunity to investigate cohort-specific effects driven by geography, genetics and lifestyles (for example, caloric restriction 71 , exercise 72 , alcohol 73 ) in future work with larger donor pools and platforms with high experimental scalability.”
Self-citation
Molecular vehicles for therapeutic delivery of lactate in exercise and medicine
Brooks, G. A. (2026) · Sports Medicine and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2026.03.005 · Cited by 4
“64,65 However, at present enthusiasm for, and efficacy of covalently linked compounds for lactate delivery would be hampered by delays in digestion and unknown bioavailability.”
The blood metabolome of brain health in midlife and influences of genes, microbiome and exposome
Ahmad, S., Wu, T., Arnold, M., Hankemeier, T., Ghanbari, M., Roshchupkin, G. V., Uitterlinden, A. G., Borkowski, K., Neitzel, J., Kraaij, R., et al. (2026) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-026-01149-4 · Cited by 10
Multi-trajectories of BMI, waist circumference, gut microbiota, and incident dyslipidemia: a 27-year prospective study
Zhang, X., Guan, F., Gou, W., Wang, Q., Du, S., Su, C., Zhang, J., Zheng, J., Wang, H., & Zhang, B. (2025) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.00243-25 · Cited by 4
Exercise-induced lactate suppresses ccRCC via CNDP2-mediated depletion of intracellular amino acids
Miao, R., Liu, C., Wang, Y., Li, H. J., Han, C., Wang, C., Tian, Z., & Liu, J. (2025) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-025-02609-3 · Cited by 4
“Studies have shown that CNDP2 can catalyze the synthesis of N-lactoyl-amino acids (Lac-AAs) from lactate and amino acids, and that these Lac-AAs are rapidly secreted outside the cell [9, 10].”
TET3 Contributes to Exercise‐Induced Functional Axon Regeneration and Visual Restoration
Fang, S., Ji, Y., Shen, Y., Yang, S., Zhang, H., Xin, W., Shi, W., & Chen, W. (2024) · Advanced Biology · doi:10.1002/adbi.202400145 · Cited by 5
ROS-triggered and macrophage-targeted micelles modulate mitochondria function and polarization in obesity
Cao, X., Gao, T., Lv, F., Wang, Y., Li, B., & Wang, X. (2024) · Nanotechnology · doi:10.1088/1361-6528/ad7034 · Cited by 4
Bletilla ochracea Schltr. protects against ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcers by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation and modulating gut microbiota
Li, X., Liu, S., Zhang, Y.-M., Huang, C., & Lou, D. (2025) · Fitoterapia · doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2025.106397 · Cited by 4
Metabolic Fingerprint of Dual Body Fluids Deciphers Diabetic Retinopathy
Wang, Y., Li, S., Li, T., Wu, J., Huang, Y., Liu, W., Ding, C., Huang, L., Xu, X., Wang, Y., et al. (2025) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202412195 · Cited by 5
Understanding emerging bioactive metabolites with putative roles in cancer biology
Philips, O., Sultonova, M., Blackmore, B., & Murphy, J. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1014748 · Cited by 4
“By a, yet unknown mechanism, Lac-Phe has been shown to act as blood-borne signalling metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity (52).”
Background
Lac-Phe mediates the anti-obesity effect of metforminPreprint
Xiao, S., Li, V. L., Lyu, X., Chen, X., Wei, W., Abbasi, F., Knowles, J. W., Deng, S., Tiwari, G., Shi, X., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.11.02.565321 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
N-lactoyl phenylalanine suppresses appetite and obesity with important implications for aging and age-related diseases
Hinton, A. O., Jr., Neikirk, K., Han, L., Oliver, A. F., Harris, C., Martin, P., & Gaye, A. (2024) · Aging advances. · doi:10.4103/agingadv.agingadv-d-24-00011 · Cited by 4
“3, 4 These seminal studies also show that the benefits of improved glucose homeostasis and reduced weight of LacPhe occurs only in diet-induced obese mice, and not necessarily lean mice.”
Influential
Deep Mining of Novel Acylated Polyamines by Integrated Prior-Knowledge-Guided Prediction and Chemical Isotope Labeling-Based Metabolomics
Zhang, Y., Xiao, Q., Zhou, X., Li, Y., Wang, S., Zhou, X., Chen, R., Zhang, Y., Gao, M., Xu, F., et al. (2025) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.4c06974 · Cited by 3
Training-Induced Metabolic Adaptations in Skeletal Muscle
García-Domínguez, E., Gómez‐Cabrera, M. C., & González, G. O. (2025) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88361-3_21 · Cited by 3
Untargeted Metabolomics Identifies N‐Lactoyl‐Amino Acids as Dose‐Responsive Plasma Biomarkers of Metformin Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes
Čajka, T., Hričko, J., Kulhavá, L., Paucova, M., Nováková, M., Holá, V., Rakusanova, S., Fiehn, O., Škop, V., Laňková, I., et al. (2026) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt.70205 · Cited by 3

Authors: Li, V. L., He, Y., Contrepois, K., Liu, H., Kim, J. T., Wiggenhorn, A. L., Tanzo, J. T., Tung, A. S.-H., Lyu, X., Zushin, P.-J. H., Jansen, R. S., Michael, B., Loh, K. Y., Yang, A. C., Carl, C. S., Voldstedlund, C. T., Wei, W., Terrell, S. M., Moeller, B. C., Arthur, R. M., Wallis, G. A., van de Wetering, K., Stahl, A., Kiens, B., Richter, E. A., Banik, S. M., Snyder, M. P., Xu, Y., & Long, J. Z.
Affiliations: Stanford Medicine (US)
Baylor College of Medicine (US)
University of California, Berkeley (US)
Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Stanford University (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
University of Copenhagen (DK)
University of California, Davis (US)
University of Birmingham (GB)
Corresponding author: Xu, Yong
Long, Jonathan Z.
ORCID: Li, Veronica L.
He, Yang
Contrepois, Kévin
Liu, Hailan
Kim, Joon T.
Wiggenhorn, Amanda L.
Tanzo, Julia T.
Tung, Alan Sheng-Hwa
Lyu, Xuchao
Zushin, Peter-James H.
Jansen, Robert S.
Michael, Basil
Loh, Kang Yong
Yang, Andrew C.
Carl, Christian S.
Voldstedlund, Christian T.
Wei, Wei
Terrell, Stephanie M.
Moeller, Benjamin C.
Wallis, Gareth A.
van de Wetering, Koen
Stahl, Andreas
Kiens, Bente
Richter, Erik A.
Banik, Steven M.
Snyder, Michael P.
Xu, Yong
Long, Jonathan Z.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2022-06-15
Volume: 606
Issue: 7915
Pages: 785-790
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04828-5
PMC: PMC9767481
OpenAlex: W4282972916
Cited by: 331
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 69 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 24
FWCI: 34.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Digital Commons-TMC (Texas Medical Center) (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Agriculture (51000-064-01S)
American Heart Association (20POST35120600)
Novo Nordisk
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF18OC0034072, NNF17OC0027274)
Ono Pharma Foundation
National Institutes of Health (DK130541, 51000-064-01S, DK113954)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM113854)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK124265, R01DK120858, R01DK118940, P01DK113954, R01DK126830, R01DK117281, R01DK115761, DP1DK130641, R01DK109934, P30DK020579)
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR072695)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Keywords: physical activity, feeding inhibition, obesity, dietary intake, energy balance, lactate, phenylalanine, CNDP2, macrophages, monocytes, glucose homeostasis, diet-induced obesity, exercise training, racehorses
MeSH terms: Animals, Body Weight, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Disease Models, Animal, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Feeding Behavior, Glucose, Obesity, Phenylalanine, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Lactic Acid, Adiposity, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

An exercise-inducible metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks