Panoptic imaging of transparent mice reveals whole-body neuronal projections and skull–meninges connections
Open accessAbstract
Analysis of entire transparent rodent bodies after clearing could provide holistic biological information in health and disease, but reliable imaging and quantification of fluorescent protein signals deep inside the tissues has remained a challenge. Here, we developed vDISCO, a pressure-driven, nanobody-based whole-body immunolabeling technology to enhance the signal of fluorescent proteins by up to two orders of magnitude. This allowed us to image and quantify subcellular details through bones, skin and highly autofluorescent tissues of intact transparent mice. For the first time, we visualized whole-body neuronal projections in adult mice. We assessed CNS trauma effects in the whole body and found degeneration of peripheral nerve terminals in the torso. Furthermore, vDISCO revealed short vascular connections between skull marrow and brain meninges, which were filled with immune cells upon stroke. Thus, our new approach enables unbiased comprehensive studies of the interactions between the nervous system and the rest of the body.
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vDISCO with GFP-Nanobooster labelling amplifies the endogenous eGFP signal and shifts it into the far-red spectrum, substantially improving signal-to-noise ratios throughout the tissue.
“This approach amplifies the endogenous eGFP signal in reporter mice and shifts it into the far-red spectrum, substantially improving signal-to-noise ratios throughout the tissue.”
From A deep-learning framework reveals whole-body perturbations at cell level (2026) · cites this paper as [45]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Cai, R., Pan, C., Ghasemigharagoz, A., Todorov, M. I., Förstera, B., Zhao, S., Bhatia, H. S., Parra-Damas, A., Mrowka, L., Theodorou, D., Rempfler, M., Xavier, A. L. R., Kress, B. T., Benakis, C., Steinke, H., Liebscher, S., Bechmann, I., Liesz, A., Menze, B., Kerschensteiner, M., Nedergaard, M., & Ertürk, A.
- Affiliations
- Institut für Schlaganfall- und Demenzforschung (DE)
- Institut für Klinische Neuroimmunologie (DE)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (DE)
- LMU Klinikum (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Ertürk, Ali
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2018-12-31
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 317-327
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC6494982
- OpenAlex
- W2906442564
- Cited by
- 470
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 44 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 26
- FWCI
- 19.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Fritz Thyssen Stiftung
- Lundbeckfonden (R209-2015-2920, R155-2016–552)
- Novo Nordisk
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF13OC0004258)
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Stiftung zur Erforschung der Vaskulären Demenz
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (RF1AG057575, R01AG048769)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (RF1NS110049, R01NS100366)
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Keywords
- whole-body imaging, tissue clearing, neuronal projections, cranial meninges, stroke, immune cells, peripheral nerve degeneration, CNS trauma
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Meninges, Mice, Transgenic, Neurons, Skull, Mice, Whole Body Imaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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