Sex differences in light sensitivity impact on brightness perception, vigilant attention and sleep in humans
Open accessAbstract
Artificial light endows a "round-the-clock", 24-h/7-d society. Chronic exposure to light at night contributes to health hazards for humans, including disorders of sleep. Yet the influence of inter-individual traits, such as sex-differences, on light sensitivity remains to be established. Here we investigated potential sex-differences to evening light exposure of 40 lx at 6500 K (blue-enriched) or at 2500 K (non-blue-enriched), and their impact on brightness perception, vigilant attention and sleep physiology. In contrast to women, men had higher brightness perception and faster reaction times in a sustained attention task during blue-enriched light than non-blue-enriched. After blue-enriched light exposure, men had significantly higher all-night frontal NREM sleep slow-wave activity (SWA: 2-4 Hz), than women, particularly during the beginning of the sleep episode. Furthermore, brightness perception during blue-enriched light significantly predicted men's improved sustained attention performance and increased frontal NREM SWA. Our data indicate that, in contrast to women, men show a stronger response to blue-enriched light in the late evening even at very low light levels (40lux), as indexed by increased vigilant attention and sleep EEG hallmarks. Collectively, the data indicate that sex differences in light sensitivity might play a key role for ensuring the success of individually-targeted light interventions.
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There is evidence for potential sex differences in light perception with men being more sensitive to subjective brightness perception, which might affect the alerting response to short-wavelength light.
“There is also evidence for potential sex differences in terms of light perception with men being more sensitive to subjective brightness perception [75], which might affect the alerting response to short-wavelength light.”
From Preliminary Results: The Impact of Smartphone Use and Short-Wavelength Light during the Evening on Circadian Rhythm, Sleep and Alertness (2021) · cites this paper as [75]
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- Authors
- Chellappa, S. L., Steiner, R., Oelhafen, P., & Cajochen, C.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Chellappa, Sarah L.
- Cajochen, Christian
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2017-10-27
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14215-14215
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5660221
- OpenAlex
- W2765655211
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 4.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Impact of Light on Environment and Health
- Keywords
- sex differences, photosensitivity, blue-enriched light, evening light exposure, brightness perception, sustained attention, sleep EEG, light at night, light pollution
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Attention, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Light, Male, Sex Characteristics, Sleep, Visual Perception, Photophobia, Young Adult
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