Effects of meaningfulness on perception: Alpha-band oscillations carry perceptual expectations and influence early visual responses
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Abstract
Perceptual experience results from a complex interplay of bottom-up input and prior knowledge about the world, yet the extent to which knowledge affects perception, the neural mechanisms underlying these effects, and the stages of processing at which these two sources of information converge, are still unclear. In several experiments we show that language, in the form of verbal labels, both aids recognition of ambiguous "Mooney" images and improves objective visual discrimination performance in a match/non-match task. We then used electroencephalography (EEG) to better understand the mechanisms of this effect. The improved discrimination of images previously labeled was accompanied by a larger occipital-parietal P1 evoked response to the meaningful versus meaningless target stimuli. Time-frequency analysis of the interval between the cue and the target stimulus revealed increases in the power of posterior alpha-band (8-14 Hz) oscillations when the meaning of the stimuli to be compared was trained. The magnitude of the pre-target alpha difference and the P1 amplitude difference were positively correlated across individuals. These results suggest that prior knowledge prepares the brain for upcoming perception via the modulation of alpha-band oscillations, and that this preparatory state influences early (~120 ms) stages of visual processing.
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Recent neural data suggest that high-level prior beliefs modulate perceptual processes.
“However, recent neural data suggest that they do (72, 73), and that the impact of priors on perception may be enhanced in those with hallucinations (74–76).”
From The Predictive Coding Account of Psychosis (2018) · cites this paper as [73]
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- Authors
- Samaha, J., Boutonnet, B., Postle, B. R., & Lupyan, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Leiden University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Samaha, Jason
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2018-04-26
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6606-6606
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5920106
- OpenAlex
- W2806561621
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 4.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (1331293)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH095984)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Keywords
- meaningfulness, perceptual expectations, alpha oscillations, prior knowledge, bottom-up processing, visual discrimination, verbal labeling, top-down modulation, early visual processing, individual differences
- MeSH terms
- Data Analysis, Adult, Alpha Rhythm, Brain, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Photic Stimulation, Students, Visual Perception, Reproducibility of Results, Recognition, Psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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