Neural repetition suppression reflects fulfilled perceptual expectations

Summerfield, Christopher; Trittschuh, Emily H; Monti, Jim M; Mesulam, M-Marsel; Egner, Tobias

doi:10.1038/nn.2163

Cited by 692Visual perception and processing mechanismsNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesMemory and Neural Mechanisms

Neural repetition suppression reflects fulfilled perceptual expectations

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Summerfield, Christopher, Trittschuh, Emily H, Monti, Jim M, Mesulam, M-Marsel, Egner, Tobias·2008·Nature Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nn.2163PMC PMC2747248

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Abstract

Stimulus-evoked neural activity is attenuated on stimulus repetition (repetition suppression), a phenomenon that is attributed to largely automatic processes in sensory neurons. By manipulating the likelihood of stimulus repetition, we found that repetition suppression in the human brain was reduced when stimulus repetitions were improbable (and thus, unexpected). Our data suggest that repetition suppression reflects a relative reduction in top-down perceptual 'prediction error' when processing an expected, compared with an unexpected, stimulus.

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Expectation suppression is present even when low-level adaptation is controlled for and has been consistently found across modalities such as vision and audition.
“This phenomenon, termed 'expectation suppression' [64,68,71], is present even when low-level adaptation is controlled for and has been consistently found across modalities such as vision [65][66][67][72][73][74] and audition [68,69,75,76].”
From How Do Expectations Shape Perception? (2018) · cites this paper as [71]
The Abstract and face-experiment passages (page unavailable) report that repetition suppression in visual cortex varied with the expected probability of face repetition, supporting an expectation-related effect beyond repetition alone. The study examines vision, not audition, so it does not establish the claim that the effect has been consistently found across both modalities. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
All over cortex, there is less spiking and smaller BOLD responses when a stimulus is repeated.
“All over cortex, there is less spiking and smaller blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses when a stimulus is repeated (4–9).”
From Layer and rhythm specificity for predictive routing (2020) · cites this paper as [9]
The paper reports reduced fMRI responses to repeated faces in the fusiform face area (Abstract section; page not provided). It does not report spiking measurements, and its whole-brain analysis says other higher-level visual regions showed no repetition suppression. It therefore does not support the claim that both effects occur all over cortex. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Summerfield et al. found expected repetitions yielded substantially smaller BOLD responses in FFA.
“An influential early study by Summerfield et al. 57 sought to control for the effects of adaptation by comparing blood oxygen level—dependent (BOLD) activity in the fusiform face area (FFA) of human participants in response to stimulus repetitions that were expected versus unexpected, and found that expected repetitions yielded substantially smaller BOLD responses.”
From Evaluating the neurophysiological evidence for predictive processing as a model of perception (2020) · cites this paper as [57]

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The Role of Perceptual Expectation on Repetition Suppression: A Quest to Dissect the Differential Contribution of Probability of Occurrence and Event Predictability
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occurrence and
Valentini, E. (2011)

Authors: Summerfield, C., Trittschuh, E. H., Monti, J. M., Mesulam, M.-M., & Egner, T.
Affiliations: Inserm (FR)
Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author: Egner, Tobias
ORCID: Summerfield, Christopher
Trittschuh, Emily H
Mesulam, M-Marsel
Egner, Tobias
Venue: Nature Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2008-08-01
Volume: 11
Issue: 9
Pages: 1004-1006
ISSN: 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
1546-1726
DOI: 10.1038/nn.2163
PMC: PMC2747248
OpenAlex: W1966342514
Cited by: 692
References: 15
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 38
FWCI: 11.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS30863, R01NS030863)
National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025741)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Keywords: stimulus predictability, top-down processing, prediction error, perceptual expectations, stimulus repetition, sensory processing
MeSH terms: Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Photic Stimulation, Reaction Time, Repression, Psychology, Time Factors, Likelihood Functions, Young Adult

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Neural repetition suppression reflects fulfilled perceptual expectations

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