Immobilization stress-induced escherichia coli causes anxiety by inducing NF-κB activation through gut microbiota disturbance
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The present study aimed to understand the crosstalk between anxiety and gut microbiota. Exposure of mice to immobilization stress (IS) led to anxiety-like behaviors, increased corticosterone and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the blood, increased nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and microglia/monocyte populations in the hippocampus, and suppressed brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, IS exposure increased NF-κB activation and monocyte population in the colon and increased Proteobacteria and Escherichia coli populations in the gut microbiota and fecal and blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels while decreasing the lactobacilli population. Oral administration of the fecal microbiota of mice treated with IS (FIS) or E. coli led to the increased NF-κB activation and monocyte population in the colon. These treatments increased blood corticosterone and LPS levels and anxiety-like behaviors, decreased BDNF expression, and induced NF-κB activation and microglia/monocyte populations in the hippocampus. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS purified from E. coli also led to anxiety and colitis in mice. Oral administration of commensal lactobacilli, particularly Lactobacillus johnsonii, attenuated IS- or E. coli-induced colitis and anxiety-like behaviors and biomarkers. These findings suggest that exposure to stressors can increase Proteobacteria populations and fecal LPS levels and cause gastrointestinal inflammation, resulting in the deterioration of anxiety through NF-κB activation. However, the amelioration of gastrointestinal inflammation by treatment with probiotics including L. johnsonii can alleviate anxiety.
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The microbiota and HPA axis develop rapidly and profoundly in the first years of life.
“The microbiota and HPA axis develop rapidly and profoundly in the first years of life, and environmental stressors can affect both (146–148).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [148]
Environmental stressors can affect both the microbiota and the HPA axis.
“The microbiota and HPA axis develop rapidly and profoundly in the first years of life, and environmental stressors can affect both (146–148).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [148]
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- Authors
- Jang, H.-M., Lee, K.-E., Lee, H.-J., & Kim, D.-H.
- Affiliations
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Dong-Hyun
- ORCID
- Kim, Dong-Hyun
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2018-09-17
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13897-13897
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6141499
- OpenAlex
- W2891852769
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 3.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2017R1A5A2014768, 2017R1A5A2014768)
- Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea (NRF-2017R1A5A2014768, 2017R1A5A2014768)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- restraint stress, anxiety-like behavior, gut microbiota, Escherichia coli, NF-κB activation, lipopolysaccharide, Proteobacteria, Lactobacillus johnsonii, probiotics, colitis, hippocampus, microglia, monocytes, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, corticosterone, TNF-α, gut-brain axis, gastrointestinal inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Animals, Anxiety, Colitis, Escherichia coli, Immobilization, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Stress, Physiological, NF-kappa B, Probiotics, Mice
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