Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Stress-Induced Intestina Damage
Abstract
Stress has been shown to have both central and peripheral effects, promoting psychological illness (such as anxiety and depression), as well influencing peripheral disease in the intestine. Stress in humans can exacerbate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), lowering visceral pain thresholds and decreasing mucosal barrier function. Studies in rodents have revealed that both acute and chronic exposure to stressors can lead to pathophysiology of the small and large intestine, including altered ion secretion and increased epithelial permeability (by both transcellular and paracellular pathways). Prolonged exposure to stress can induce low-grade inflammation, cause ultrastructural epithelial abnormalities, and alter bacterial-host interactions allowing greater microbial translocation. In this review, we discuss the stress response and the effects of both acute and chronic stress to induce pathophysiological damage to the gut. We present the potential pathways involved, and the proposed mechanisms of action mediating the effects. Furthermore, we explore the impact of early life stress on colonic physiology in neonatal rodents and the implications for gut dysfunction in adulthood.
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Alterations in gut barrier integrity enable bacteria and microbial products to translocate across the mucosa and epithelium, interfacing with immune and neuronal cells.
“Alterations in gut barrier integrity enable bacteria (and microbial-products) to translocate across the mucosa and epithelium, interfacing with immune and neuronal cells (356, 357).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [356]
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Anxiety, coping skills and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in patients with endometriosis
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BackgroundProbiotics Prevent Death Caused byCitrobacter rodentiumInfection in Neonatal Mice
Gareau, M. G., Wine, E., Reardon, C., & Sherman, P. M. (2009) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/648614 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“restricting translocation of luminal antigens [34], thus pre-”
BackgroundSelf-citationLong term effects of pre- and early postnatal nutrition and environment on the gut1
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“In mammals, acute stress influences intestinal barrier function by secreted corticotrophin-releasing factor via the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis or through secreted acetylcholine and serotonin via the enteric nervous system((20)).”
BackgroundRationale of Probiotic Supplementation during Pregnancy and Neonatal Period
Baldassarre, M. E., Palladino, V., Amoruso, A., Pindinelli, S., Mastromarino, P., Fanelli, M., Mauro, A. D., & Laforgia, N. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10111693 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“MS triggers depression and anxiety-like behavior [87,88], hyper-responsiveness of the HPA axis [89], increased intestinal permeability [90–92], and visceral hypersensitivity [93].”
BackgroundPsychogenic stress in hospitalized veterinary patients: Causation, implications, and therapies
Lefman, S. H., & Prittie, J. E. (2019) · Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care · doi:10.1111/vec.12821 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
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Probiotics effects on gastrointestinal function: beyond the gut?
Verdu, E. F. (2009) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01297.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
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“Prolonged stress has been shown to produce low-grade intestinal inflammation [66], and inflammation can increase translocation of commensal bacteria across the epithelium that escape from local mesenteric lymph nodes, thus reaching the liver [49].”
BackgroundXu, M., Zhou, E. Y., & Shi, H. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14050384 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Psychological factors and stress in inflammatory bowel disease
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“[2–4] A recent clinical trial with the mast cell stabilizer and histamine-1-receptor (H1R) antagonist ketotifen confirmed the possible relevance of this cell type.”
MethodYu, C., Xiong, Y., Chen, D., Li, Y., Xu, B., Lin, Y., Tang, Z., Jiang, C., & Wang, L. (2017) · Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.1.1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Based on the clinical evidence that both IBD and IBS have intestinal inflammation and dysmotility in different extent, the differential diagnosis for distinguishing IBD and IBS based on clinical signs and symptoms are difficult, and approximately 60~80% of IBD patients suffer from IBS [40], how to ameliorate both inte…”
ResultInfluentialSu, Z., Jia, H., Zhang, H., Feng, Y.-F., An, L., & Zou, Z. (2013) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/c3mb70377k · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Contribution of infralimbic cortex in the cardiovascular response to acute stress
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The Link Between Stress and Endometriosis: from Animal Models to the Clinical Scenario
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- Authors
- Gareau, M., Silva, M., & Perdue, M.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- ORCID
- Silva, Manuel
- Venue
- Current Molecular Medicine
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2008-06-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 274-281
- ISSN
- 1566-5240 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2144967252
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 15.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- psychological stress, intestinal injury, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, visceral pain, mucosal barrier function, epithelial permeability, ion secretion, low-grade inflammation, epithelial ultrastructure, gut microbiota, microbial translocation, early life stress, colonic physiology, stress response
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Chronic Disease, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestine, Large, Intestine, Small, Maternal Deprivation, Permeability, Rodentia, Stress, Physiological, Stress, Psychological, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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