Stress-induced sensitization: the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and beyond

Belda, Xavier; Fuentes, Silvia; Daviu, Nuria; Nadal, Roser; Armario, Antonio

doi:10.3109/10253890.2015.1067678

Cited by 123Stress Responses and CortisolAdrenal Hormones and DisordersNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

Stress-induced sensitization: the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and beyond

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Belda, Xavier, Fuentes, Silvia, Daviu, Nuria, Nadal, Roser, Armario, Antonio·2015·Stress

DOI 10.3109/10253890.2015.1067678

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Abstract

Exposure to certain acute and chronic stressors results in an immediate behavioral and physiological response to the situation followed by a period of days when cross-sensitization to further novel stressors is observed. Cross-sensitization affects to different behavioral and physiological systems, more particularly to the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. It appears that the nature of the initial (triggering) stressor plays a major role, HPA cross-sensitization being more widely observed with systemic or high-intensity emotional stressors. Less important appears to be the nature of the novel (challenging) stressor, although HPA cross-sensitization is better observed with short duration (5-15 min) challenging stressors. In some studies with acute immune stressors, HPA sensitization appears to develop over time (incubation), but most results indicate a strong initial sensitization that progressively declines over the days. Sensitization can affect other physiological system (i.e. plasma catecholamines, brain monoamines), but it is not a general phenomenon. When studied concurrently, behavioral sensitization appears to persist longer than that of the HPA axis, a finding of interest regarding long-term consequences of traumatic stress. In many cases, behavioral and physiological consequences of prior stress can only be observed following imposition of a new stressor, suggesting long-term latent effects of the initial exposure.

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Sensitization can affect other physiological systems (plasma catecholamines, brain monoamines), which appears to be long-lasting, a finding that may explain the long-term consequences of early-life adversity and traumatic stressors.
“Sensitization can also affect other physiological systems (i.e. plasma catecholamines, brain monoamines), which appears to be long-lasting, a finding that may explain the long-term consequences of early-life adversity and traumatic stressors (Belda, Fuentes, Daviu, Nadal, & Armario, 2015).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Belda, Fuentes, Daviu, Nadal, & Armario, 2015

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Authors: Belda, X., Fuentes, S., Daviu, N., Nadal, R., & Armario, A.
Affiliations: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
Corresponding author: Armario, Antonio
ORCID: Belda, Xavier
Nadal, Roser
Armario, Antonio
Venue: Stress
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2015-05-04
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Pages: 269-279
ISSN: 1025-3890 (ISSN-L)
1607-8888
DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2015.1067678
OpenAlex: W1756324357
Cited by: 123
References: 128
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 0.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Stress (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
Funders: Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR 2014-1020, SGR 2014)
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SAF2011-28313)
Plan Nacional sobre Drogas
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (RD12/0028/0014)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords: cross-sensitization, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, acute stress, chronic stress, emotional stressors, incubation, plasma catecholamines, brain monoamines, behavioral sensitization, traumatic stress
MeSH terms: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Animals, Catecholamines, Corticosterone, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Central Nervous System Sensitization

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Stress-induced sensitization: the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and beyond

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