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Facial expression and oxytocin as possible markers of positive emotions in horses

Lansade, Léa, Nowak, Raymond, Lainé, Anne-Lyse, Leterrier, Christine, Bonneau, Coralie, Parias, Céline, Bertin, Aline·2018·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-018-32993-zPMC PMC6168541
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Abstract

Behavioural and physiological markers of discrete positive emotions remain little investigated in animals. To characterise new markers in horses, we used tactile stimulations to induce emotional situation of contrasting valence. In the Gentle grooming group (G, N = 13) horses were gently groomed during 11 sessions on the body areas they appreciated the most. Horses in the Standard grooming group (S, N = 14) were groomed using a fixed procedure, reported to induce avoidance reactions in some horses. At session 11, G horses expressed significantly more contact-seeking behaviours than S horses, which expressed significantly more avoidance behaviours. This result suggests positive emotions in G horses and negative emotions in S horses. Blood cortisol, oxytocin, heart rate and heart rate variability never differed between before and after the grooming session. However, after the 11 sessions, basal oxytocin levels were lower in the G than in the S group. This difference was unexpected, but supports studies showing that a low level of basal oxytocin could be a marker of better well-being. Analyses of facial expressions during grooming revealed significant differences between groups. These expressions appear to be more sensitive than behavioural indicators because they alone enabled differentiating emotions according to the group when horses were re-exposed to neutral grooming one year after the treatment.

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  • There is evidence indicating that an increase in oxytocin does not necessarily equal good welfare.

    “There is evidence, however, indicating that an increase in oxytocin does not necessarily equal good welfare.”

    From Therapy Dog Welfare Revisited: A Review of the Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [95]

  • In horses, higher basal oxytocin has been observed in individuals that displayed mimic muscle activity associated with discomfort.

    “In horses, higher basal oxytocin has been observed in individuals that displayed mimic muscle activity associated with discomfort [95].”

    From Therapy Dog Welfare Revisited: A Review of the Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [95]

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Metadata

Authors
Lansade, L., Nowak, R., Lainé, A.-L., Leterrier, C., Bonneau, C., Parias, C., & Bertin, A.
ORCID
Lansade, Léa
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2018-10-02
Volume
8
Issue
1
ISSN
2045-2322
DOI
10.1038/s41598-018-32993-z
PMC
PMC6168541
Cited by
112
References
7
Language
en
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