The MRN complex: coordinating and mediating the response to broken chromosomes
Open accessAbstract
The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) protein complex has been linked to many DNA metabolic events that involve DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs). In vertebrate cells, all three components are encoded by essential genes, and hypomorphic mutations in any of the human genes can result in genome-instability syndromes. MRN is one of the first factors to be localized to the DNA lesion, where it might initially have a structural role by tethering together, and therefore stabilizing, broken chromosomes. This suggests that MRN could function as a lesion-specific sensor. As well as binding to DNA, MRN has other roles in both the processing and assembly of large macromolecular complexes (known as foci) that facilitate efficient DSB responses. Recently, a novel mediator protein, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1), was shown to co-immunoprecipitate with the MRN complex and regulate MRE11 foci formation. However, whether the initial recruitment of MRN to DSBs requires MDC1 is unclear. Here, we focus on recent developments in MRN research and propose a model for how DSBs are sensed and the cellular responses to them are mediated.
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The MRN complex is involved in ataxia-telangiectasia-like disease and Nijmegen breakage syndrome and is required for ATM activation in the double-strand break response.
“The MRN complex (Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1) is involved in ataxia-telangiectasia like disease and Nijmegen breakage syndrome and is required for ATM activation in DSB response [52–54].”
From Functional interplay between ATM/ATR-mediated DNA damage response and DNA repair pathways in oxidative stress (2014) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- van den Bosch, M., Bree, R. T., & Lowndes, N. F.
- Affiliations
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Lowndes, Noel F
- Venue
- The EMBO Reports
- Published
- 2003-09-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 844-849
- ISSN
- 1469-221X (ISSN-L)
- 1469-3178
- PMC
- PMC1326362
- OpenAlex
- W2000752368
- Cited by
- 289
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- EMBO Reports (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Health Research Board
- Higher Education Authority
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Keywords
- MRN complex, MRE11, RAD50, NBS1, DNA double-strand breaks, DNA damage response, MDC1, genomic instability, DNA damage checkpoint
- MeSH terms
- MRE11 Homologue Protein, Animals, Chromosome Aberrations, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, DNA-Binding Proteins, Humans, Nuclear Proteins, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Acid Anhydride Hydrolases, Cell Cycle Proteins, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, DNA Repair Enzymes, Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
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