Prediction of fat-free mass by bioimpedance analysis in migrant Asian Indian men and women: a cross validation study
Abstract
Background Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) is a fast and convenient field technique for estimation of total body fat-free mass (FFM). However, bioimpedance-based prediction equations have been developed in predominantly white populations and little information is available on their usefulness in Asian Indian populations. Objective To develop a prediction equation for FFM based on BIA measurements applicable to a migrant population of Asian Indians and to investigate the predictive accuracy of published BIA-based equations in this ethnic group. Design FFM was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 211 healthy adults (110 men, 101 women; age ranges 19-74 year) of Asian Indian ethnicity and used as the reference measure to develop prediction equations based on single-frequency BIA measurements of resistance and reactance. A cross-validation technique was applied. Predictive accuracy of published BIA-based equations was assessed in this sample. Results Sex-specific equations developed in the entire group included height2/resistance and body weight as predictors (R2=0.84 and 0.70 and standard errors of estimate of 2.8 and 2.0 kg for males and females, respectively; CV: 6%). Of published equations examined, one predicted FFM satisfactorily in men with nonsignificant bias and may be applicable to Asian Indian populations. None of the published equations tested performed satisfactorily in women. Conclusions Bioimpedance-based equations for predicting FFM developed specifically in Asian Indians are recommended for field studies designed to measure body composition of this ethnic group.
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Concerns with applicability were high in 19 studies.
“Concerns with applicability were high in 19 studies [37, 42–59] and unclear [41, 50, 60–69] in 12 studies due to the restricted sample size.”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
Out of the 26 available equations for adults, 22 were developed with foot-to-hand technology.
“Out of the 26 available equations, 22 were developed with foot to hand technology [34, 42, 47, 50, 52, 54, 61, 66, 71, 77, 78, 102], and four with segmental technology”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
Regarding foot-to-hand technology for adults, five equations are suitable for estimating FFM in males.
“Regarding foot-to-hand technology, five equations are suitable for estimating FFM in males [47, 52, 66, 71, 78] and six in females [34, 47, 50, 52, 66, 71].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
Concerning foot-to-hand technology for adults, 17 equations are available for both sexes.
“Concerning foot to hand technology, 17 equations are available for both sexes [42, 47, 52, 54, 61, 66, 71, 77, 102], while one is suitable for males [78] and two are suitable for females only [34, 50].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
Regarding foot-to-hand technology for adults, six equations are suitable for estimating FFM in females.
“Regarding foot-to-hand technology, five equations are suitable for estimating FFM in males [47, 52, 66, 71, 78] and six in females [34, 47, 50, 52, 66, 71].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- Rush, E. C., Chandu, V, & Plank, L. D.
- Affiliations
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Rush, E C
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Obesity
- Published
- 2006-01-24
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1125-1131
- ISSN
- 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5497
- OpenAlex
- W1986416781
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- fat-free mass, bioelectrical impedance analysis, prediction equations, body composition, ethnic differences, resistance and reactance, cross-validation, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Anthropometry, Asia, Western, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Male
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