Mechanisms of Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Neurotransmission in Tourette Syndrome: Clues from an In Vivo Neurochemistry Study with PET
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Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with childhood onset characterized by motor and phonic tics. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often concomitant with TS. Dysfunctional tonic and phasic dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) metabolism may play a role in the pathophysiology of TS. We simultaneously measured the density, affinity, and brain distribution of dopamine D2 receptors (D2-R's), dopamine transporter binding potential (BP), and amphetamine-induced dopamine release (DA(rel)) in 14 adults with TS and 10 normal adult controls. We also measured the brain distribution and BP of serotonin 5-HT2A receptors (5-HT2AR), and serotonin transporter (SERT) BP, in 11 subjects with TS and 10 normal control subjects. As compared with controls, DA rel was significantly increased in the ventral striatum among subjects with TS. Adults with TS+OCD exhibited a significant D(2)-R increase in left ventral striatum. SERT BP in midbrain and caudate/putamen was significantly increased in adults with TS (TS+OCD and TS-OCD). In three subjects with TS+OCD, in whom D2-R, 5-HT2AR, and SERT were measured within a 12-month period, there was a weakly significant elevation of DA rel and 5-HT2A BP, when compared with TS-OCD subjects and normal controls. The current study confirms, with a larger sample size and higher resolution PET scanning, our earlier report that elevated DA rel is a primary defect in TS. The finding of decreased SERT BP, and the possible elevation in 5-HT2AR in individuals with TS who had increased DA rel, suggest a condition of increased phasic DA rel modulated by low 5-HT in concomitant OCD.
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The identification of an underlying DA deficit leading to dysfunction in TS has proven to be elusive.
“however the identification of an underlying DA deficit leading to dysfunction in TS has proven to be elusive [619].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [619]
A phasic DA imbalance, similar to that seen in schizophrenia, may help to explain the pathophysiology of TS.
“Available evidence suggests that a phasic DA imbalance, similar to that seen in schizophrenia, may help to explain the pathophysiology of TS [619,620].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [619]
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- Authors
- Wong, D. F., Brašić, J. R., Singer, H. S., Schretlen, D. J., Kuwabara, H., Zhou, Y., Nandi, A., Maris, M. A., Alexander, M., Ye, W., Rousset, O., Kumar, A., Szabo, Z., Gjedde, A., & Grace, A. A.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wong, Dean F
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2007-11-07
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1239-1251
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- PMC
- PMC3696501
- OpenAlex
- W1982522250
- Cited by
- 253
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 12.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA12839, R01AA012839)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH078175)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K24 DA00412, K24DA000412)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-38927, R01NS038927)
- UCB Pharma
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, dopamine release, serotonin transporter, dopamine D2 receptor, 5-HT2A receptor, dopamine transporter, ventral striatum, phasic dopamine release, neurotransmitter metabolism, phonic tics, motor tics
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amphetamine, Brain Mapping, Dopamine, Female, Tourette Syndrome, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Theoretical, Synaptic Transmission, Neuropsychological Tests, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Serotonin, Dopamine Agents, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Raclopride, Positron-Emission Tomography, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
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