The phasic reward signal of primate dopamine neurons
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Under conditions of alert interest, there is moderate tonic firing and increased phasic firing of norepinephrine and dopamine to relevant stimuli.
“In contrast, under conditions of alert interest, there is moderate tonic firing, and increased phasic firing of NE and DA to relevant stimuli (Aston-Jones et al., 2000; Aston-Jones et al., 1994; Finlay et al., 1995; Foote et al., 1980; Schultz, 1998).”
From Catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical function: Relevance to treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Schultz, 1998
Dopamine neurons fire related to prediction of reward.
“Dopamine neurons have not been followed as methodically with regard to states of arousal but have been shown to fire related to prediction of reward (28).”
From Catecholamine Influences on Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortical Networks (2011) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Schultz, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Fribourg (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Schultz, Wolfram
- ORCID
- Schultz, Wolfram
- Venue
- Advances in Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 1997
- Volume
- 42
- Pages
- 686-690
- ISSN
- 1054-3589 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1520488892
- Semantic Scholar
- acaa71323787b08a7e274db4d551fbf3768fb222
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.02
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advances in pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- James S. McDonnell Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- dopaminergic neurons, primary reward, appetitive stimuli, primate brain, motivational value, food reward, novel stimuli
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Appetite, Basal Ganglia, Conditioning, Operant, Dopamine, Learning, Neurons, Primates, Reward, Signal Transduction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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