Diurnal rhythms in the human urine metabolome during sleep and total sleep deprivation
Open accessAbstract
Understanding how metabolite levels change over the 24 hour day is of crucial importance for clinical and epidemiological studies. Additionally, the association between sleep deprivation and metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity requires investigation into the links between sleep and metabolism. Here, we characterise time-of-day variation and the effects of sleep deprivation on urinary metabolite profiles. Healthy male participants (n = 15) completed an in-laboratory study comprising one 24 h sleep/wake cycle prior to 24 h of continual wakefulness under highly controlled environmental conditions. Urine samples were collected over set 2–8 h intervals and analysed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Significant changes were observed with respect to both time of day and sleep deprivation. Of 32 identified metabolites, 7 (22%) exhibited cosine rhythmicity over at least one 24 h period; 5 exhibiting a cosine rhythm on both days. Eight metabolites significantly increased during sleep deprivation compared with sleep (taurine, formate, citrate, 3-indoxyl sulfate, carnitine, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, TMAO and acetate) and 8 significantly decreased (dimethylamine, 4-DTA, creatinine, ascorbate, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, allantoin, 4-DEA, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate). These data indicate that sampling time, the presence or absence of sleep and the response to sleep deprivation are highly relevant when identifying biomarkers in urinary metabolic profiling studies.
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One study used NMR to assess urine metabolites in short-term sleep deprivation.
“while one study used NMR to assess urine metabolites in short-term sleep deprivation24”
From Prolonged sleep restriction induces changes in pathways involved in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory responses (2016) · cites this paper as [24]
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MethodMetabolomic Profiling of Human Urine Samples Using LC-TIMS-QTOF Mass Spectrometry
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“with this, 13 other metabolites were found to 589 be altered including elevated taurine, formate, cit590 rate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, TMAO, acetate and 591 decreased dimethylamine, 4-deoxythreonic acid, cre592 atinine, ascorbate, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, allantoin, 593 4-deoxyerythronic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 594…”
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- Authors
- Giskeødegård, G. F., Davies, S. K., Revell, V. L., Keun, H., & Skene, D. J.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Skene, Debra J.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2015-10-09
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14843-14843
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4598809
- OpenAlex
- W2283245187
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 6.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- University of Surrey
- Directorate for Biological Sciences
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/I019405/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- diurnal cycle, urinary metabolome, sleep deprivation, total sleep deprivation, diurnal variation, urinary biomarkers, 1H NMR, metabolite profiles, sleep and metabolism, indoxyl sulfate, trimethylamine N-oxide, taurine, dimethylamine
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Citrates, Creatinine, Dimethylamines, Formates, Humans, Male, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Taurine, Time Factors, Multivariate Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Metabolomics, Metabolome, Young Adult
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